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Low substrate temperature deposition of transparent and conducting ZnO:Al thin films by RF magnetron sputtering

Journal of Semiconductors 2016年第4期37卷 24-31页

作者： Ravindra Waykar Amit Pawbake Rupali Kulkarni ashok jadhavar Adinath Funde Vaishali Waman Rupesh Dewan Habib Pathan Sandesh Jadkar School of Energy Studies Savitribai Phule Pune UniversityPune 411007India Modern College of Arts Science and CommerceShivajinagarPune 411 005India Department of Physics Savitribai Phule Pune UniversityPune 411 007India

Transparent and conducting Al-doped ZnO（ZnO：Al） films were prepared on glass substrate using the RF sputtering method at different substrate temperatures from room temperature（RT） to 200 ℃. The structural,morphological, electrical and optical properties of these films were investigated using a variety of characterization techniques such as low angle XRD, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）, field-emission scanning electron microscopy（FE-SEM）, Hall measurement and UV–visible spectroscopy. The electrical properties showed that films deposited at RT have the lowest resistivity and it increases with an increase in the substrate temperature whereas carrier mobility and concentration decrease with an increase in substrate temperature. Low angle XRD and Raman spectroscopy analysis reavealed that films are highly crystalline with a hexagonal wurtzite structure and a preferred orientation along the c-axis. The FE-SEM analysis showed that the surface morphology of films is strongly dependent on the substrate temperature. The band gap decreases from 3.36 to 3.29 e V as the substrate temperature is increased from RT to 200 ℃. The fundamental absorption edge in the UV region shifts towards a longer wavelength with an increase in substrate temperature and be attributed to the Burstein-Moss shift. The synthesized films showed an average transmission（〉 85%） in the visible region, which signifies that synthesized ZnO：Al films can be suitable for display devices and solar cells as transparent electrodes.

关键词： ZnO thin film substrate temperature optical properties

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Geochemistry and mineral chemistry of the armoor granitoids,eastern dharwar craton: implications for the redox conditions and tectono-magmatic environment

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第1期43卷 110-133页

作者： A.Ajay Kumar Ch.ashok Department of Geology Osmania UniversityHyderabad 500007India CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute UppalHyderabad 500007India

The mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of the K-rich granites from the Armoor granitic rocks in the northeastern portion of the Eastern Dharwar Craton(EDC) are *** order to understand its physicochemical conditions,the petrogenesis of the granitoid was explained from biotite chemistry and geochemical *** of mineral chemistry expose that compositionally,K-feldspar and plagioclase in Armoor granite rocks range from An0,Ab_(3-5.9),Or_(94-96.9) and An_(5-29,-Ab71.9-94.9),Or_(0-1.5),*** mineral chemistry of biotite crystals exhibits composition that varies from primary to re-equilibrated primary *** biotites from the Armoor granites generally exhibit an I-type trend,with calc-alkaline parental magma in a subduction *** chemistry of granites displays magnetite(oxidized)series nature,which has oxygen fugacity(fO_(2))=-15.1 to-16.7(log_(10) bar),under high oxidizing *** and pressure estimates for the crystallization of Armoor granites based on biotite composition are T=612-716 ℃ and 1.0-0.4 kbar,***,these rocks are metaluminous to slightly peraluminous and magnesian,with calc-alkaline potassiumrich *** the chondrite normalized REE diagram,the granites have positive europium anomalies;rich Sr/Y,(Dy/Yb)_(N) ratios and reduced Mg#,Rb/Sr,Rb,Sr indicate that the melting of earlier rocks,crystal accumulation and residual garnet source formed at high *** examined granites show that they are produced from the melting of crustal ***,the extensive analyses of the described Armoor granite suggest that they were produced by crust sources and developed under oxidizing conditions in subduction setting.

关键词： Armoor granites Oxygen fugacity Crystal accumulation Remelting Subduction

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Substrate temperature dependent studies on properties of chemical spray pyrolysis deposited CdS thin films for solar cell applications

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Journal of Semiconductors 2017年第2期38卷 5-14页

作者： Kiran Diwate Amit Pawbake Sachin Rondiya Rupali Kulkarni Ravi Waykar ashok jadhavar Avinash Rokade Adinath Funde Kakasaheb Mohite Manish Shinde Habib Pathan Rupesh Devan Sandesh Jadkar School of Energy Studies Savitribai Phule Pune University Pune 411007 India C. T. Bora College Shirur Pune 412210 India Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology (C-MET) Pashan Road Pune 411008 India Department of Physics Savitribai Phule Pune University Pune 411007 India

Thin films of CdS have been prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis by spraying precursor solution directly onto soda lime glass（SLG） substrates. Influence of substrate temperature on structural, optical, morphological and electrical properties have been investigated by using various techniques such as low angle X-ray diffraction（XRD）, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）, field emission scanning electron microscopy（FESEM）, atomic force microscopy（AFM）, transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, UV–visible spectroscopy photoluminescence（PL） spectroscopy etc. Formation of CdS has been confirmed by low angle XRD,Raman spectroscopy and XPS analysis. XRD pattern showed that CdS films are polycrystalline, have hexagonal structure and prefer orientation of crystallites shifts from（101） to（002） with increase in substrate *** spectroscopy revealed that exciton-phonon coupling depends on substrate temperature and hence on crystallite size. Optical band gap increased from 2.43 to 2.99 eV when substrate temperature increased from 325 to 475 ℃. Transmittance of the film also showed an increasing trend from 52% to 80% with increase in substrate temperature. Such high band gap and transmittance values of CdS films prepared at 475℃ make it a useful window material in CdS/CdTe and CdS/Cu_2S heterojunction solar cells.

关键词： thin films CdS chemical spray pyrolysis FESEM Raman spectroscopy photoluminescence

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Emerging molecules,tools,technology,and future of surgical knife in gastroenterology

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第4期16卷 988-998页

作者： ashok Kumar Anirudh Goyal Department of Surgical Gastroenterology Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical SciencesLucknow 226014Uttar PradeshIndia

The 21^(st) century has started with several innovations in the medical sciences,with wide applications in health care *** development has taken in the field of medicines(newer drugs/molecules),various tools and technology which has completely changed the patient management including abdominal *** for abdominal diseases has moved from maximally invasive to minimally invasive(laparoscopic and robotic)*** of the newer medicines have its impact on need for surgical *** article focuses on the development of these emerging molecules,tools,and technology and their impact on present surgical form and its future effects on the surgical intervention in gastroenterological diseases.

关键词： Newer molecules Tools and technology Gastroenterology Future of surgical knife

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Role of doxycycline in the treatment of dengue infection: An open-label, randomized, controlled, pilot trial

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2024年第4期17卷 160-165页

作者： Banothu Vinod Kumar Kajal Kamboj ashok Kumar Pannu ashok Kumar Yadav Mandip Bhatia Atul Saroch Department of Internal Medicine PGIMER ChandigarhIndia Department of Experimental Medicine&Biotechnology PGIMER ChandigarhIndia

Objective:To measure the effect of doxycycline on inflammatory marker[IL-6,TNF-α,ferritin and C reactive protein(CRP)]levels in patients with dengue ***:A single-centre,open-label,parallel-group randomized controlled trial was done in PGIMER Chandigarh from June 2021 to October *** were randomized using a simple randomization process into two groups:the doxycycline treatment group(n=35)and the control group(n=34).Patients in the treatment group were given oral doxycycline 100 mg twice daily for five days along with standard treatment,whereas patients in the control group received only standard *** objective was to measure the effect of doxycycline on inflammatory markers in dengue ***:On comparative analysis at day 5,there was a statistically significant reduction in the median values of ferritin and CRP in cases compared to the control group(ferritin:P=0.006 and CRP:P=0.006).No significant reduction was noted in the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α.Conclusions:Doxycycline treatment led to a reduction of inflammatory markers in dengue infection.

关键词： Dengue Cytokine Doxycycline Serum ferritin C reactive protein

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MOALG: A Metaheuristic Hybrid of Multi-Objective Ant Lion Optimizer and Genetic Algorithm for Solving Design Problems

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 3489-3510页

作者： Rashmi Sharma ashok Pal Nitin Mittal Lalit Kumar Sreypov Van Yunyoung Nam Mohamed Abouhawwash Department of Mathematics Chandigarh UniversityGharuanMohali140413India Deaprtment of Industry 4.0 Shri Vishwakarma Skill UniversityPalwal121102India Department of ICT Convergence Soonchunhyang UniversityAsan31538Korea Department of Computational Mathematics Science and Engineering(CMSE)College of EngineeringMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Department of Mathematics Faculty of ScienceMansoura UniversityMansoura35516Egypt

This study proposes a hybridization of two efficient algorithm’s Multi-objective Ant Lion Optimizer Algorithm(MOALO)which is a multi-objective enhanced version of the Ant Lion Optimizer Algorithm(ALO)and the Genetic Algorithm(GA).MOALO version has been employed to address those problems containing many objectives and an archive has been employed for retaining the non-dominated *** uniqueness of the hybrid is that the operators like mutation and crossover of GA are employed in the archive to update the solutions and later those solutions go through the process of MOALO.A first-time hybrid of these algorithms is employed to solve multi-objective *** hybrid algorithm overcomes the limitation of ALO of getting caught in the local optimum and the requirement of more computational effort to converge *** evaluate the hybridized algorithm’s performance,a set of constrained,unconstrained test problems and engineering design problems were employed and compared with five well-known computational algorithms-MOALO,Multi-objective Crystal Structure Algorithm(MOCryStAl),Multi-objective Particle Swarm Optimization(MOPSO),Multi-objective Multiverse Optimization Algorithm(MOMVO),Multi-objective Salp Swarm Algorithm(MSSA).The outcomes of five performance metrics are statistically analyzed and the most efficient Pareto fronts comparison has been *** proposed hybrid surpasses MOALO based on the results of hypervolume(HV),Spread,and *** primary objective of developing this hybrid approach has been achieved *** proposed approach demonstrates superior performance on the test functions,showcasing robust convergence and comprehensive coverage that surpasses other existing algorithms.

关键词： Multi-objective optimization genetic algorithm ant lion optimizer metaheuristic

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Determination of the time of refractive stability after uneventful phacoemulsification in Indian eyes

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World Journal of Experimental Medicine 2024年第2期14卷 89-96页

作者： ashok Kumar Nanda Bijnya Birajita Panda Asish Swain Logesh Balakrishnan Department of Ophthalmology Kar Vision Eye HospitalBhubaneswar 751013OdishaIndia Department of Ophthalmology All India Institute of Medical SciencesBhubaneswar 751019OdishaIndia Department of Optometry Kar Vision Eye HospitalBhubaneswar 751013OdishaIndia Department of Statistics Apollo HospitalsChennai 823104India

BACKGROUND Knowledge about refractive stabilization and the accuracy of postoperative refractive error measurements are crucial for improved patient outcomes after *** guidelines typically recommend waiting 4-6 wk before prescribing corrective *** research focused on identifying factors that influence refractive errors in the early stages of post-cataract surgery,thus contributing to the existing literature on this *** To investigate the time required for refraction stability after uneventful phacoemulsification *** We compared the variation and statistical significance of the difference in spherical,cylindrical components,and the spherical equivalent between the 1-and 6-wk follow-up period in a group of 257 eyes that underwent uneventful phacoemulsification with foldable intraocular lens implantation,all performed by a single experienced *** Wilcoxon-Signed Rank Test was utilized to assess the magnitude of the change and determine its statistical *** refractive stability was defined as the point at which the change in spherical equivalent was within±0.5 dioptres for two consecutive *** The average age of the patients was 64.9±8.9 *** differences observed in both the visits in spherical power(0.1±0.2),cylinder power(0.3±0.4),and spherical equivalent(0.2±0.2)were minimal and not statistically *** majority of eyes(93.4%)achieved refractive stability within 6 wk after the *** cylindrical power differed between age groups at the 6th wk post-operative and the difference was statistically significant(P value 0.013).There were no significant differences in refractive stability when considering sex and axial *** Phacoemulsification with foldable intraocular lens implantation results in no significant changes in refraction for the majority of cases during the 6-wk follow-up ***,a spectacle prescription can be given at the completion of 1 wk.

关键词： Cataract surgery Phacoemulsification Refraction stability Visual acuity Spherical equivalent

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Leveraging React Components in Business Process Management (BPM) Applications

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2024年第4期12卷 86-94页

作者： ashok Reddy Annaram Department of ECM (Electronics and Computers Engineering) Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad India

As organizations increasingly embrace digital transformation, the integration of modern web technologies like *** with Business Process Management (BPM) applications has become essential. React components offer flexibility, reusability, and scalability, making them ideal for enhancing user interfaces and driving user engagement within BPM environments. This article explores the benefits, challenges, and best practices of leveraging React components in BPM applications, along with real-world examples of successful implementations.

关键词： React.js Digital Transformation User Interface (UI) Development Component-Based Architecture Declarative UI Development User Experience (UX) Reusability Modularity Integration Customization Developer Productivity Legacy System Integration

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Ultra-minimally invasive endoscopic techniques and colorectal diseases:Current status and its future

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Artificial Intelligence in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2024年第2期5卷 15-30页

作者： Nalini Kanta Ghosh ashok Kumar Department of Surgical Gastroenterology Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical SciencesLucknow 226014Uttar PradeshIndia

Colorectal diseases are increasing due to altered lifestyle,genetic,and environmental *** plays an important role in *** in colonoscope(ultrathin scope,magnetic scope,capsule)and technological gadgets(Balloon assisted scope,third eye retroscope,NaviAid G-EYE,dye-based chromoendoscopy,virtual chromoendoscopy,narrow band imaging,i-SCAN,etc.)have made colonoscopy more comfortable and *** in-vivo microscopy can be performed using confocal laser endomicroscopy,optical coherence tomography,spectroscopy,*** developments in diagnostic colonoscopy,therapeutic colonoscopy has improved to manage lower gastrointestinal tract bleeding,obstruction,perforations,resection polyps,and early colorectal *** introduction of combined endo-laparoscopic surgery and robotic endoscopic surgery has made these interventions *** role of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis and management of colorectal diseases is also increasing day by ***,this article is to review cutting-edge developments in endoscopic principles for the management of colorectal diseases.

关键词： Colorectal disorders Ultra-minimally invasive scopes Advanced gadgets Endoscopic intervention Combined endo-laparoscopic surgery

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Optimal transcorneal electrical stimulation parameters for preserving photoreceptors in a mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第11期19卷 2543-2552页

作者： Sam Enayati Karen Chang Anton Lennikov Menglu Yang Cherin Lee Ajay ashok Farris Elzaridi Christina Yen Kasim Gunes Jia Xie Kin-Sang Cho Tor Paaske Utheim Dong Feng Chen Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear Department of OphthalmologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Institute of clinical medicine Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway Department of Medical Biochemistry Oslo University HospitalUniversity of OsloOsloNorway Department of Ophthalmology Drammen HospitalVestre Viken Hospital TrustDrammenNorway Department of Histology and Embryology School of MedicineMarmara UniversityIstanbulTurkiye

Retinitis pigmentosa is a hereditary retinal disease that affects rod and cone photoreceptors,leading to progressive photoreceptor *** research supports the beneficial effect of electrical stimulation on photoreceptor *** study aims to identify the most effective electrical stimulation parameters and functional advantages of transcorneal electrical stimulation(tcES)in mice affected by inherited retinal ***,the study seeked to analyze the electric field that reaches the retina in both eyes in mice and post-mortem *** this study,we recorded waveforms and voltages directed to the retina during transcorneal electrical stimulation in C57BL/6J mice using an intraocular needle probe with rectangular,sine,and ramp *** investigate the functional effects of electrical stimulation on photoreceptors,we used human retinal explant cultures and rhodopsin knockout(Rho^(-/-))mice,demonstrating progressive photoreceptor degeneration with *** retinal explants isolated from the donors’eyes were then subjected to electrical stimulation and cultured for 48 hours to simulate the neurodegenerative environment in *** density was evaluated by rhodopsin *** vivo Rho^(-/-)mice were subjected to two 5-day series of daily transcorneal electrical stimulation using rectangular and ramp *** function and visual perception of mice were evaluated by electroretinography and optomotor response(OMR),*** was used to assess the morphological and biochemical changes of the photoreceptor and bipolar cells in mouse *** recordings indicated effective delivery of rectangular,sine,and ramp waveforms to the retina by transcorneal electrical stimulation,of which the ramp waveform required the lowest *** of the total conductive resistance of the post-mortem human compared to the mouse eyes indicated higher cornea-to-retina resistance in human *** tem

关键词： bipolar cells electrical stimulation neuroprotection photoreceptor degeneration retina retinal explants retinitis pigmentosa transcorneal electrical stimulation waveform

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