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On the use of explainable AI for susceptibility modeling:Examining the spatial pattern of SHAP values

Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第4期15卷 14-27页

作者： Nan Wang Hongyan Zhang ashok dahal Weiming Cheng Min Zhao Luigi Lombardo Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains Ministry of EducationSchool of Geographical SciencesNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun 130024China State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information Systems Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Twente Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation(ITC)PO Box 217EnschedeAE 7500Netherlands University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographic Information Resource Development and Application Nanjing 210023China Collaborative Innovation Center of South China Sea Studies Nanjing 210093China State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Center for Geodata and Analysis Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

Hydro-morphological processes(HMP,any natural phenomenon contained within the spectrum defined between debris flows and flash floods)are globally occurring natural hazards which pose great threats to our society,leading to fatalities and economical *** this reason,understanding the dynamics behind HMPs is needed to aid in hazard and risk *** this work,we take advantage of an explainable deep learning model to extract global and local interpretations of the HMP occurrences across the whole Chinese *** use a deep neural network architecture and interpret the model results through the spatial pattern of SHAP *** doing so,we can understand the model prediction on a hierarchical basis,looking at how the predictor set controls the overall susceptibility as well as doing the same at the level of the single mapping *** model accurately predicts HMP occurrences with AUC values measured in a ten-fold cross-validation ranging between 0.83 and *** level of predictive performance attests for an excellent prediction *** main difference with respect to traditional statistical tools is that the latter usually lead to a clear interpretation at the expense of high performance,which is otherwise reached via machine/deep learning solutions,though at the expense of *** recent development of explainable Al is the key to combine both *** this work,we explore this combination in the context of HMP susceptibility ***,we demonstrate the extent to which one can enter a new level of data-driven interpretation,supporting the decision-making process behind disaster risk mitigation and prevention actions.

关键词： Hydro-morphological processes SHAP maps Explainable AI China

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From spatio-temporal landslide susceptibility to landslide risk forecast

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第2期15卷 220-235页

作者： Tengfei Wang ashok dahal Zhice Fang Cees van Westen Kunlong Yin Luigi Lombardo Faculty of Engineering China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation(ITC) University of TwenteEnschedeAE 7500Netherlands Institute of Geophysics and Geomatics China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China

The literature on landslide susceptibility is rich with examples that span a wide range of ***,the component that pertains to the extension of the susceptibility framework toward space–time modeling is largely *** statement holds true,particularly in the context of landslide risk,where few scientific contributions investigate risk dynamics in space and *** manuscript proposes a modeling protocol where a dynamic landslide susceptibility is obtained via a binomial Generalized Additive Model whose inventories span nine years(from 2013 to 2021).For the analyses,the data cube is organized with a mapping unit consisting of 26,333 slope units repeated over an annual temporal unit,resulting in a total of 236,997 *** phase already includes several interesting modeling experiments that have rarely appeared in the landslide literature(e.g.,variable interaction plots).However,the main innovative effort is in the subsequent phase of the protocol we propose,as we used climate projections of the main trigger(rainfall)to obtain future estimates of yearly susceptibility *** estimates are then combined with projections of urban settlements and associated populations to create a dynamic risk model,assuming vulnerability=***,this manuscript presents a unique example of such a modeling routine and offers a potential standard for administrations to make informed decisions regarding future urban development.

关键词： Space-time statistics Dynamic landslide susceptibility Landslide risk Future projections

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Letting go and saying goodbye:a Nepalese family’s decision,in the Ethiopian Airline crash ET-302

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Forensic Sciences Research 2022年第3期7卷 383-384页

作者： Samarika dahal Department of Oral Pathology and Forensic Dentistry Tribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal

Death is *** following a death is *** expressing the loss of loved ones,grief differs across cultures and *** may vary depending upon the circumstances and the person’s ability to cope with the loss of their loved ones[1].The probable potential return of a loved one vanishes in confirmed identification of the *** experience is different in an unconfirmed death.“Ambiguous loss”was first coined by Pauline Boss,which results when families of missing persons have no clue of the whereabouts of their loved ones,whether they are either dead or alive,(or if they are dead),the location of the remains is unknown[2].There are two fundamental types of ambiguous *** the first type,people are psychologically present but physically *** presumed to be dead,their remains are never ***,the family members are engrossed with the missing person’s thoughts even years after the *** the second type,people are alive and physically present but psychologically absent due to depression,addiction,or *** these conditions can coexist in the same family of the missing person[3,4].

关键词： return fir missing

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Exploring potentialities of avian genomic research in Nepalese Himalayas

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Avian Research 2021年第4期12卷 727-738页

作者： Prashant Ghimire Nishma dahal Ajit KKarna Surendra Karki Sangeet Lamichhaney Department of Biological Sciences Kent State UniversityKentOHUSA Biotechnology Division CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource TechnologyPalampurHPIndia Center for Health and Disease Studies-Nepal KathmanduNepal Institute of Agriculture and Animal Sciences Tribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases Food&Agricultural Organization of the UNKathmanduNepal School of Bio-medical Sciences Kent State UniversityKentOHUSA

Nepal,a small landlocked country in South Asia,holds about 800 km of Himalayan Mountain range including the Earth's highest *** such a mountain range in the north and plain lowlands in the south,Nepal provides a habitat for about 9%of global avian ***,this diversity is underrated because of the lack of enough studies,especially using molecular tools to quantify an-d understand the distribution patterns of *** this study,we reviewed the studies in the last two decades(20002019)that used molecular methods to study the biodiversity in Nepal to examine the ongoing research trend and *** Nepalese Himalaya has many opportunities for cutting-edge molecular research,our results indicated that the rate of genetic/genomic studies is much slower compared to the regional *** found that genetic research in Nepal heavily relies on resources from international institutes and that too is mostly limited to research on species monitoring,distribution,and taxonomic *** infrastructures to carry out cutting-edge genomic research in Nepal are still in their infancy and there is a strong need for support from national/international scientists,universities,and governmental agencies to expand such genomic infrastructures in *** particularly highlight avian fauna as a potential future study system in this region that can be an excellent resource to explore key biological questions such as understanding eco-physiology and molecular basis of organismal persistence to changing environment,evolutionary processes underlying divergence and speciation,or mechanisms of endemism and restrictive distribution of species.

关键词： Avian fauna Evolutionary Process Genomics Himalayas Nepal

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Use of rotational atherectomy for reducing significant dissection in treating de novo femoropopliteal steno-occlusive disease after balloon angioplasty

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2018年第4期15卷 254-260页

作者： Tae-Hoon Kim Manny Katsetos Khagendra dahal Michael Azrin Juyong Lee University of Connecticut Health Center Connecticut USA Sejong General Hospital Bucheon South Korea Louisiana State University Health Science Center Shreveport LA USA

Background Development of arterial dissection is thought to be an important key factor for bailout stenting in femoropopliteal disease. We aimed to evaluate the difference in dissection rate and outcomes between the treatment group with rotational atherectomy and with？out it. Methods From January 2011 to October 2016, we compared the angiography after balloon angioplasty （BA） of de-novo, femoropop？liteal, steno-occlusive lesions whether they were treated by rotational atherectomy prior to the BA or not. Fifty-nine lesions （8 occlusions; 3 involving popliteal segment; lesion length： 86.3 ± 66.8 mm） in 44 patients （29 males; mean age 66.9 ± 9.7 years） were enrolled for this review. Results Forty-two lesions were treated using rotational atherectomy, prior to BA while 17 were recanalized firstly by BA. Clinical and lesion characteristics were not different between the groups. However, the rate of significant arterial dissection （type C to F） was lower in the atherectomy group （88.2% vs. 42.9%; P = 0.001）. In multivariate analysis, use of the atherectomy device was the only risk factor for prevention of development of significant dissection （P = 0.013; OR = 0.12; 95% CI： 0.025？0.642）. Patients were treated either by the angioplasty alone, drug coated balloon or stent insertion. There was lower trend in target vessel revascularization and primary patency toward the atherectomy group （low rank P = 0.108 and 0.166）, however secondary patency was significantly better （low rank P = 0.001）. Conclusions Rotational atherec？tomy before BA reduced the rate of significant dissection and therefore, might be a valuable option for minimizing need of bailout stenting.

关键词： Arterial dissection Atherectomy Femoropopliteal disease Peripheral arterial disease

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Review on current concepts of myopia and its control strategies

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2021年第4期14卷 606-615页

作者： Raju Kaiti Ranjila Shyangbo Indra Prasad Sharma Manish dahal Nepal Eye Hospital Kathmandu 44600Nepal National Academy of Medical Sciences Kathmandu 44600Nepal Gyalyum Kesang Choeden Wangchuck National Eye Center JDW National Referral HospitalThimpu 11001Bhutan

Myopia poses a significant burden on the healthcare system,economy and quality of *** is an emerging global public health challenge and requires interventions to delay or stop onset and *** changing times and evidence,the concepts of myopia are changing along with the treatment and control *** modifications including increased outdoors time and reduced near work,optical and pharmaceutical management options are *** paper presents a current overview on the concepts of myopia,and is expected to summarize updates on myopia control methods.

关键词： atropine myopia myopia control myopic maculopathy public health

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Coronary vasospasm:A narrative review

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World Journal of Cardiology 2021年第9期13卷 456-463页

作者： Jacob Jewulski Sumesh Khanal Khagendra dahal Foundational Medical Studies Oakland University William Beaumont School of MedicineRochesterMI 48309United States Department of Internal Medicine William Beaumont HospitalRoyal OakMI 48073United States Department of Cardiology CHI HealthCreighton University School of MedicineOmahaNE 68118United States

Coronary artery vasospasm(CAVS)plays an important role in acute chest pain syndrome caused by transient and partial or complete occlusion of the coronary *** of the disease remains incompletely understood,with autonomic and endothelial dysfunction thought to play an important *** to the dynamic nature of the disease,its exact prevalence is not entirely clear but is found to be more prevalent in East Asian and female *** smoking remains a prominent risk factor,although CAVS does not follow traditional coronary artery disease risk *** triggers continue to be identified,with recent findings identifying chemotherapeutics,allergens,and inflammatory mediators as playing some role in the exacerbation of *** testing with direct visualization is currently the gold-standard for diagnosis,but non-invasive tests,including the use of biomarkers,are being increasingly studied to aid in the *** of the CAVS is an area of active *** from risk factor modification,calcium channel blockers are currently the first line treatment,with nitrates playing an important adjunct ***-risk patients with life-threatening complications should be considered for implantable cardioverter defibrillator(ICD),although timing criteria for escalated therapy require further *** role of pharmaceuticals targeting oxidative stress remains incompletely understood.

关键词： Coronary artery vasospasm Vasospastic angina Prinzmetal angina Variant angina Coronary artery disease

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Operation makalu air crash:influence of cognitive and human factors on decision-making

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Forensic Sciences Research 2022年第4期7卷 803-807页

作者： Samarika dahal Gopal Kumar Chaudhary Nitin Kumar Agrawal Department of Dentistry Institute of MedicineKathmanduNepal Department of Forensic Medicine Maharajgunj Medical CampusMaharajgunjKathmanduNepal

Two onboard crew members lost their lives in the fatal Makalu Air Cessna Grand Caravan 208B domestic cargo flight crash on May 16,*** Disaster Victim Identification(DVI)procedure comprises external examination,photography,DNAcollection,fingerprint collection,postmortem examination,antemortem information collection from the family members,and *** major challenge of this operation was dealing with cognitive *** antemortem dental information of one of the deceased was revealed to the forensic experts just before the postmortem *** influenced the testing *** was a tendency to neglect the complete dental examination presuming the identification was ***,during a thorough examination,the forensic odontologist realised that the initial decision was ***,there are few experience-based resources available to resolve cognitive bias *** authors begin by summarising complicated operations in which they have been involved,followed by a discussion of the key sources of cognitive bias along with the solution to resolve these issues in DVI preparedness planning.

关键词： Forensic sciences disaster cognitive bias dental identification mortuary Nepal

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A study of local amplification effect of soil layers on ground motion in the Kathmandu Valley using microtremor analysis

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2012年第2期11卷 257-268页

作者： Paudyal Y.R. Yatabe R. Bhandary N.P. dahal R.K. Geo-disaster Research Laboratory Graduate School of Science and EngineeringEhime UniversityEhimeMatsuyamaJapan

Past researchers have anticipated the occurrence of a great earthquake in the central Himalayas in the near *** may cause serious damage in the Kathmandu Valley,which sits on an ancient lake bed zone,with lacustrine sediments of more than 500 m *** this study,the predominant frequency of ground motion is evaluated using the Horizontal-to-Vertical (H/V) spectral ratio technique and recordings of ambient *** results of the H/V ratio show two peaks in about 20 percent of the locations,which are distributed mainly in and around the center and northern part of the Kathmandu *** predominant frequencies vary from 0.5 Hz to 8.9 Hz in the study area,whereas the second resonance fiequency varies from 4 Hz to 6 Hz in the center and northern part of the *** indicates that the center and northern part of the valley have a wide range of resonance frequency due to two levels of impedance contrast- one may be from the surface layer and the other may be from the layer *** two levels of resonance indicate the importance of considering the effects of surface and lower layers during the planning and designing of infrastructures in the Kathmandu Valley.

关键词： microtremor predominant frequency resonance Kathmandu Valley

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Betalains protect various body organs through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第3期13卷 1109-1117页

作者： Nilesh Prakash Nirmal Seema Medhe Merina dahal Pankaj Koirala Siriwan Nirmal Fahad Al-Asmari Baojun Xu Institute of Nutrition Mahidol UniversityNakhon Pathom 73170Thailand Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Central Campus of TechnologyTribhuvan UniversityKathmandu 46000Nepal Department of Adult Nursing Faculty of NursingBurapha UniversityChonburi 20131Thailand Department of Food Science and Nutrition College of Agriculture and Food SciencesKing Faisal UniversityAl-Ahsa 31982Saudi Arabia Food Science and Technology Program Department of Life SciencesBNU-HKBU United International CollegeZhuhai 519088China

Betalains are natural coloring pigments with betalamic acid as the core structure of all *** their coloring properties,betalains exhibit various biological activities,including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties,which are highly *** in-vivo studies reported that betalains protect various body organs,leading to health *** organs,including the heart,liver,kidney,lung,etc.,are important for a healthy ***,these organs can be affected or damaged by various stress factors,toxicants,and harmful *** studies have claimed that betalains could protect all vital organs of the body through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory *** review article described the in-vivo antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of betalains in various cell-line or animal models.A comprehensive discussion has been provided on the mechanism of action of betalains in protecting various body organs,including cardio-protective effect,hepato-protective ability,renal protection capacity,repro-protective ability,neuro-protective effect,lung protection,and gut protection ***,future research directions and conclusions have been outlined.

关键词： Betalains Antioxidant Anti-inflammatory Bioactivities Ogans-protection

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