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Integrative Zoology 2007年第3期2卷 165-173页

作者： Peter R.brown Khamouane KHAMPHOUKEO CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems CanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia National Agricultural and Forestry Research Institute VientianeLao PDR

Rodents are a serious constraint to poor farmers in the upland and lowland farming systems of the Lao People’sDemocratic Republic and have been described as the pest they have least control over. To better understand theseproblems a baseline survey of farmers was conducted to assess their knowledge, attitudes, and practices with respectto rodent management. A structured survey was conducted in 12 villages across Luang Namtha, Luang Prabang,and Houaphan provinces. Twenty farmers from each village were interviewed (a total of 240 farmers). Farmersnoted that the main factor limiting production was pests (70%), with rats identified as the most important pest(98%). The mean yield loss was estimated at 19% (range 0–100%). Trapping and rodenticides were commonlyused by farmers. Farmers believed that it was important to control rats and believed that rats could only be controlledif farmers worked together. However, 65% of farmers conducted rodent control by themselves, and 92% offarmers believed that rodenticides were harmful to the environment. The main constraints identified were the highcost of some control methods and the need to get farmers to work together as a community.

关键词： decision making farmers’beliefs pest rice rodent management upland crop

The effects of total ankle replacement on ankle joint mechanics during walking

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2017年第3期6卷 340-345页

作者： Henry Wang Scott R.brown Biomechanics Laboratory School of KinesiologyBall State University Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand(SPRINZ) Auckland University of Technology

Background:End-stage ankle arthritis impairs joint function and patients' *** ankle replacement is a surgical procedure to treat severe ankle *** Talaris Anatomic Ankle^(TM)(STAA) was designed to mimic the normal ankle anatomy and flexion/extension of the ankle *** purpose of this study was to examine the effect of an STAA ankle replacement on ankle joint function and mechanics during ***:Five patients with end-stage unilateral ankle arthritis were *** performed level walking in a laboratory setting on 2occasions,prior to and 3 months after the STAA ankle *** Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society(AOFAS) hindfoot score was obtained.A 12-camera motion capture system was used to perform walking *** temporo-spatial parameters and ankle joint mechanics were *** Student's t tests and non-parametric Wilcoxon matched tests were performed to examine the differences in biomechanical variables between the pre-and post-surgery walking ***:Compared to the pre-surgical condition,at 3 months of post-STAA surgery,patients experienced greater improvement in AOFAS hindfoot score(p = 0.0001);the STAA ankle demonstrated a 31% increase in ankle joint excursion(p = 0.045),a 22% increase in ankle plantarflexor moment(p = 0.075),a 60% increase in ankle power absorption(p = 0.023),and a 68% increase in ankle power production(p = 0.039).Patients also demonstrated a 26% increase in walking speed(p = 0.005),a 20% increase in stride length(p = 0.013),a 15% decrease in double support time(p = 0.043),and a 5% decrease in total stance time(p = 0.055).Conclusion:Three months after surgeries,the STAA patients experienced improvements in ankle function and gait *** STAA ankle demonstrated improved ankle mechanics during daily activities such as walking.

关键词： Ankle mechanics AOFAS score Arthritis Gait analysis Total ankle replacement Walking

A rare complication of a common disease: Bouveret syndrome, a case report

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第16期12卷 2620-2621页

作者： Yazan Adnan Masannat Scott Caplin Tim brown Department of General Surgery Morriston HospitalSwanseaWalesSA6 6NLUnited Kingdom

This is a case report of an 85-year old patient who presented with abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting associated with altered liver function test. The plain X-rays and CT scan showed pneumobilia with an ectopic *** patient was diagnosed with Bouveret syndrome and managed surgically. The report is followed by a discussion about Bouveret syndrome.

关键词： Bouveret syndrome Gall bladder Stone Fistula Gastric outlet obstruction

Genomic imbalances in esophageal carcinoma cell lines involve Wnt pathway genes

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第24期17卷 2909-2923页

作者： Jacqueline brown Hannelie Bothma Robin Veale Pascale Willem National Health Laboratory Services and University of the Witwatersrand School of Molecular and Cell Biology University of the Witwatersrand

AIM： To identify molecular markers shared across South African esophageal squamous cell carcinoma （ESCC） cell lines using o/togenetics, fluorescence in situ hybridization （FISH） and single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） array copy number analysis. METHODS： We used conventional cytogenetics, FISH, and multicolor FISH to characterize the chromosomal rearrangements of five ESCC cell lines established in South Africa. The whole genome copy number profile was established from 250K SNP arrays, and data was analyzed with the CNAT 4.0 and GISTIC software. tions involved the following chromosomal regions and genes： 11q13.3 （CCND1, FGF3, FGF4, FGF19, MYEOV）, 8q24.21（C-MYC, FAM84B）, 11q22.1-q22.3 （B[RC2, BIRC3）, 5p15.2 （CTNND2）, 3qll.2-q12.2 （MINA） and 18p11.32 （TYMS, YES1）. The significant deletions included 1p31.2-p31.1 （CTH, GADD45a, DIRAS3）, 2q22.1 （LRPIB）, 3p12.1-p14.2 （FHIT）, 4q22.1-q32.1 （CASP6, SMAD1）, 8p23.2-q11.1 （BNIP3L） and 18q21.1-q21.2 （SMAD4, DCC）. The 3p11.2 translocation breakpoint was shared across four cell lines, supporting a role for genes involved at this site, in particular, the EPHA3 gene which has previously been reported to be deleted in ***： The finding that a significant number of genes that were amplified （FGF3, FGF4, FGF19, CCND1 and C-MYC） or deleted （SFRP2 gene） are involved in the Wnt and fibroblast growth factor signaling pathways, suggests that these pathways may be activated in these cell lines.

关键词： Esophagus Cancer Single nucleotide polymorphism arrays Fluorescent in situ hybridization

Sexual selection in cane toads Rhinella marina： A male＇s body size affects his success and his tactics

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Current Zoology 2013年第6期59卷 747-753页

作者： Haley BOWCOCK Gregory P. brown Richard SHINE School of Biological Sciences A08 University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia

Abstract Male body size can play an important role in the mating systems of anuran amphibians. We conducted labora- tory-based trials with cane toads Rhinella （Bufo） marina from an invasive population in the wet-dry tropics of northern Australia, to clarify the effects of a male＇s body size on his reproductive success and behavior （mate choice）. Males were stimulated with a synthetic hormone to induce reproductive readiness. Larger body size enhanced a male toad＇s ability to displace a smaller rival from amplexus, apparently because of physical strength： more force was required to dislodge a larger than a smaller amplectant male. A male＇s body size also affected his mate-choice criteria. Males of all body sizes were as likely to attempt amplexus with another male as with a female of the same size, and preferred larger rather than smaller sexual targets. However, this size prefe- rence was stronger in larger males and hence, amplexus was size-assortative. This pattern broke down when males were given access to already-amplectant male-female pairs： males of all body sizes readily attempted amplexus with the pair, with no size discrimination. An amplectant pair provides a larger visual stimulus, and prolonged amplexus provides a strong cue for sex iden- tification （one of the individuals involved is almost certainly a female）. Thus, a male cane toad＇s body size affects both his ability to defeat rivals in physical struggles over females, and the criteria he uses when selecting potential mates, but the impacts of that selectivity depend upon the context in which mating occurs

关键词： Mating systems Size-assortative mating Large-male advantage Anurans Invasive species

Olfaction and reaction: The role of olfactory and hypothalamic investment in the antipredator responses to chemical alarm cues by northern redbelly dace

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Current Zoology 2023年第6期69卷 738-746页

作者： Brendan J.Joyce Grant E.brown Department of Biology Concordia UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada

Neuroplasticity enables teleosts to promote or downregulate the growth of their brains *** compensate for the effects of predation pressure,teleosts may alter their brain morphology and behavioral responses to mitigate its impact on individual ***-predation environ-ments often promote specific patterns of brain growth and produce bolder and more proactive *** to the expense of maintaining neural tissue,relative size indicates the regions most relied *** northern redbelly dace Chrosomus eos,as little as 2 weeks of elevated predation pressure,resulted in increased investment in their olfactory bulbs and optic tecta,while the imposition of captivity produced smaller,less symmetric *** together,these results suggest that an individual could potentially become better able to detect a threat,and simultaneously less inclined to react to it,making the impact of either change in isolation is difficult to ***,we compared interindividual variation in gross brain morphology,risk-taking tactics in a novel arena(shy-bold personality),and responding to olfactory cues(proactive/reac-tive stress-coping style).We hypothesized that olfactory investment would positively correlate with response intensity to predator cue concen-tration and respond across a wider range of cue concentrations,while hypothalamus size would correlate with shyness and *** to heightened risk produced more bold/proactive individuals,with larger olfactory bulbs and smaller ***,the direction of the correlation between hypothalamus size and behavior varied by treatment,and olfactory investment only corresponded with response intensity amongst proactive *** findings illustrate the potential pitfalls of relating gross brain morphology to complex behavior and suggest that stress-coping style is a relevant consideration in future studies.

关键词： boldness brainmorphology neuroplasticity predation proactivity stress-coping style

COVID-19 Imaging Detection in the Context of Artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Things

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2022年第8期132卷 507-530页

作者： Xiaowei Gu Shuwen Chen Huisheng Zhu Mackenzie brown School of Math and Information Technology Jiangsu Second Normal UniversityNanjing211200China State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves Southeast UniversityNanjing210096China School of Engineering Edith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWA 6027Australia

Coronavirus disease 2019 brings a huge burden on the medical industry all over the *** the background of artificial intelligence(AI)and Internet of Things(IoT)technologies,chest computed tomography(CT)and chest Xray(CXR)scans are becoming more intelligent,and playing an increasingly vital role in the diagnosis and treatment of *** paper will introduce the segmentation of methods and *** and CT diagnosis of COVID-19 based on deep learning,which can be widely used to fight against COVID-19.

关键词： COVID-19 medical image chest CT CXR IoMT AI

Effects of excluding bottom-disturbing mobile fishing gear on abundance and biomass of groundfishes in the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary,USA

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Current Zoology 2010年第1期56卷 134-143页

作者： Briana K.brown Elizabeth SOULE Les KAUFMAN Biology Department Boston University

The Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary （southern Gulf of Maine, northwest Atlantic） is partially overlapped by the Western Gulf of Maine Closure Area （WGMCA）. This is a region in which mobile, bottom-disturbing fishing gear has been banned by the New England Fishery Management Council to facilitate the rebuilding of depleted gronndfish populations. We assessed the effects and effectiveness of the WGMCA on groundfish assemblages using habitat-stratified （gravel, sand, mixed benthic habitats） sampling by means of a commercial trawler, inside and outside of the WGMCA. Sampling occurred over three mouth-long sampling periods in 2004-2005, two during the spring seasons and one during the fall season. A total of 18 species were analyzed for protection effects. After controlling for substratum, location and sampling season, eight groundfish species exhibited higher mean proportional abundance inside than outside the WGMCA while two were proportionally more abundant on average outside of the closure. Four species had higher mean proportional biomasses on average inside the closure and three outside. We conclude that the WGMCA may be achieving its goal of rebuilding abundance and biomass for some commercially targeted groundfishes but not all. This study, six to seven years post-closure establishment, reveals fine-scale spatial and taxonomic complexity which will require a very different monitoring protocol than the one currently in place if adaptive management is to be successful in the region [Current Zoology 56 （1）： 134-143, 2010].

关键词： Effects of fishing Groundfish Gulf of Maine Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary Trawl closure

A novel role for tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase at the blood-brain barrier during sepsis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第1期16卷 99-100页

作者： Divine C.Nwafor Candice M.brown Department of Neuroscience West Virginia University Health Science CenterMorgantownWVUSA Department of Microbiology Immunologyand Cell BiologySchool of MedicineWest Virginia University Health Science CenterMorgantownWVUSA

Sepsis and the blood-brain barrier(BBB):Sepsis is a life threatening systemic inflammatory condition involving multi-organ *** World Health Organization estimates that about 30 million people are affected by sepsis every year,and at least 6 million people die from sepsis each *** of approximately 24 million sepsis survivors,it is estimated that 70%of these individuals will experience some form of long-term neurological impairment(Iwashyna et al.,2010).Thus,when combined with prevention,diagnosis,and therapeutic management strategies,a functional understanding of the mechanisms that promote sepsis-associated neurological impairment is necessary to address the clinical challenges and economic burdens faced when treating sepsis.

关键词： prevention diagnosis barrier

Approximation on Two-point Homogeneous Spaces

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数学进展 2004年第5期33卷 635-638页

作者： Gavin brown 戴峰

1Introduction This paper is a short research announcement of the results obtained in [BD],which will appear soon.

关键词：黎曼定理拉普拉斯变换泛函分析存在性容积公式