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High Strain-Rate and Shock Response of Carbon Supercom.ositeTm

Open Journal of Com.osite m.terials 2024年第3期14卷 132-145页

作者： Sum.n Babu Ukyam.Raju P. m.ntena Dam.an L. Stoddard arunachalam m. rajendran Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering University of Mississippi Mississippi USA

This study focuses on assessing the dynam.c behaviors of carbon Supercom.ositeTm.lam.nates when subjected to high strain-rates and air blast loads, using a shock tube for testing. The investigation aim. to understand the response of these advanced m.terials under extrem. conditions, which is crucial for applications in aerospace, m.litary, and other high-perform.nce industries. Supercom.ositeTm.(CZE) prepreg, m.de up of a 3K plain weave carbon fabric with m.lled carbon fibers as interlam.nar reinforcem.nts im.regnated with epoxy, is used to create Supercom.ositeTm.(CZE) lam.nates. A woven carbon com.osite (CBE) lam.nate was also created using 3K plain weave Carbon/Epoxy (CBE) prepreg. Both types of lam.nates were designed and fabricated using the autoclave process. The dynam.c behaviors of CZE and CBE lam.nate under transverse com.ression loads were evaluated using a m.dified Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB). The study found that the 3D reinforcem.nt with m.lled carbon fibers significantly affected the dynam.c behavior of the CZE lam.nate. Stereo im.ging videos, captured using two SHIm.DZU high-speed video cam.ras in shock tube experim.nts, recorded the tim. history of back surface deflection. The plate specim.ns exhibited low deflections without any visible dam.ge. The experim.ntally observed center point deflections of the CZE plates decayed sooner than those of the CBE lam.nates, indicating an im.rovem.nt in dam.ing due to the presence of 3D reinforced m.lled carbon fibers. This research shows that optim.zed utilization of m.lled carbon fibers as 3D reinforcem.nt can withstand high stress in the thickness direction and higher energy absorption when subjected to im.act and high strain-rate loading.

关键词： Supercom.ositeTm GOm.Software 3D Reinforcem.nt m.lled Carbon Fibers Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) Air-Blast Loads

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High Strain-Rate and Shock Response of Carbon Supercom.ositeTm

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Open Journal of Com.osite m.terials（复合材料期刊） 2024年第3期 132页

作者： Sum.n Babu Ukyam.Raju P. m.ntena Dam.an L. Stoddard arunachalam m. rajendran

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Indirect Tensile Characterization of Graphite Platelet Reinforced Vinyl Ester Nanocom.osites at High-Strain Rate

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Open Journal of Com.osite m.terials 2014年第4期4卷 201-214页

作者： Brahm.nanda Pram.nik P. Raju m.ntena Tezeswi Tadepalli arunachalam m. rajendran Departm.nt of General Engineering Montana Tech of the University of Montana Butte MT USA Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering University of Mississippi University MS USA Departm.nt of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology (NIT) Warangal India

An indirect tensile testing m.thod is proposed for characterizing low strength graphite platelet reinforced vinyl ester nanocom.osites at high-strain rate. In this technique, the traditional Brazilian disk (diam.trical com.ression) test m.thod for brittle m.terials is utilized along with conventional split-Hopkinson pressure bars (SHPB) for evaluating cylindrical disk specim.ns. The cylindrical disk specim.n is held snugly in between two concave end fixtures attached to the incident and transm.ssion bars. To elim.nate the com.lexities of conventional strain gage application, a non-contact Laser Occluding Expansion Gage (LOEG) has been adapted for m.asuring the diam.trical transverse expansion of the specim.n under high-strain rate diam.trical com.ressive loading. Failure diagnosis using high-speed digital photography validates the viability of utilizing this indirect test m.thod for characterizing the tensile properties of xGnP (exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets) reinforced and additional CTBN (Carboxyl Term.nated Butadiene Nitrile) toughened vinyl ester based nanocom.osites. Also, quasi-static indirect tensile response agrees with previous investigations conducted using the traditional dog-bone specim.n in direct tensile tests. Investigation of both quasi-static and dynam.c indirect tensile test responses shows the strain rate effect on the tensile strength and energy absorbing capacity of the candidate m.terials. The contribution of reinforcem.nt to the tensile properties of the candidate m.terials is presented.

关键词： Split Hopkinson Pressure Bars High-Strain Rate Tensile Test Brazilian Disk Test m.thod Laser Occluding Expansion Gage Nanocom.osites

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Dynam.c Flexural m.dulus and Low-Velocity Im.act Response of Supercom.osite<sup>Tm.lt;/sup>Lam.nates with Vertical Z-Axis m.lled Carbon Fiber Reinforcem.nt

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m.terials Sciences and Applications 2021年第4期12卷 152-170页

作者： Sum.n Babu Ukyam.Raju P. m.ntena Dam.an L. Stoddard arunachalam m. rajendran Robert D. m.ser Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering University of Mississippi Mississippi USA m.terials—US Arm. ERDC GSL Vicksburg Mississippi USA

In work reported here, the dynam.c properties and low-velocity im.act response of woven carbon/epoxy lam.nates incorporating a novel 3D interlam.nar reinforcem.nt concept with dense layers of Z-axis oriented m.lled ca... 详细信息

In work reported here, the dynamic properties and low-velocity impact response of woven carbon/epoxy laminates incorporating a novel 3D interlaminar reinforcement concept with dense layers of Z-axis oriented milled carbon fiber SupercompositeTM prepregs, are presented. Impulse-frequency response vibration technique is used for non-destructive evaluation of the dynamic flexural modulus (stiffness) and loss factor (intrinsic damping) of woven carbon/epoxy control and SupercompositeTM laminates. Low-velocity punch-shear tests were performed on control and SupercompositeTM laminates according to ASTM D3763 Standard using a drop-weight impact test system. Control panels had all layers of 3K plain woven carbon/epoxy prepregs, with a dense interlaminar reinforcement of milled carbon fibers in Z- direction used in designing the SupercompositeTM laminate—both having same areal density. Impulse-frequency response vibration experiments show that with a 50% replacement of woven carbon fabric in control panel with milled carbon fibers in Z direction dynamic flexural modulus reduced 25% - 30% (loss in stiffness) and damping increased by about the same 25% - m.ly:Verdana;">

关键词： Supercom.ositeTm Dam.ing Ratio Dynam.c Flexural m.dulus m.lled Carbon Fibers Low-Velocity Punch-Shear

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Fuzzy and IRLNC-based routing approach to im.rove data storage and system.reliability in IoT

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Intelligent and Converged Networks 2024年第1期5卷 68-80页

作者： U.Indum.thi A.R.arunachalam the Departm.nt of Com.uter Science and Engineering Dr.M.G.R.Educational and Research InstituteChennai 600095India

Internet of Things(IoT)based sensor network is largely utilized in various field for transm.tting huge am.unt of data due to their ease and cheaper *** perform.ng this entire process,there is a high possibility for data corruption in the m.d of *** the other hand,the network perform.nce is also affected due to various *** address these issues,an efficient algorithm.that jointly offers im.roved data storage and reliable routing is ***,after the deploym.nt of sensor nodes,the election of the storage node is achieved based on a fuzzy expert *** Random.Linear Network Coding(IRLNC)is used to create an encoded *** encoded packet from.the source and neighboring nodes is transm.tted to the storage ***,to transm.t the encoded packet from.the storage node to the destination shortest path is found using the Destination Sequenced Distance Vector(DSDV)*** analysis of the proposed work is carried out by evaluating som. of the statistical *** residual energy,packet delivery ratio,com.ression ratio and storage tim. achieved for the proposed work are 8.8%,0.92%,0.82%,and 69 *** on this analysis,it is revealed that better data storage system.and system.reliability is attained using this proposed work.

关键词： Internet of Things(IoT) data storage m.nagem.nt fuzzy system im.roved random.linear network coding energy utilization system.reliability

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A passive,reusable,and resonating wearable sensing system.for ondem.nd,non-invasive,and wireless m.lecular stress biom.rker detection

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Nano Research 2024年第8期17卷 7542-7556页

作者： Shingirirai Chakom. Xiaochang Pei Huiting Qin Anita Ghandehari Sahar NajafiKhoshnoo Jerom. rajendran Rahim.Esfandyarpour Departm.nt of Electrical Engineering and Com.uter Science University of CaliforniaIrvineCA 92697USA Laboratory for Integrated Nano BioElectronics Innovation The Henry Samueli School of EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCA 92697USA Henry Sam.eli School of Engineering University of CaliforniaIrvineCA 92697USA

The significant im.act of stress on health necessitates accurate assessm.nt m.thods,where traditional questionnaires lack reliability and *** advancem.nts like wearables with electrocardiogram.ECG)and galvanic skin response(GSR)sensors face accuracy and artifact *** biosensors detecting cortisol,a critical stress horm.ne,present a prom.sing ***,existing cortisol assays,requiring saliva,urine,or blood,are com.lex,expensive,and unsuitable for continuous *** study introduces a passive,m.lecularly im.rinted polym.r-radio-frequency(m.P-RF)wearable sensing system.for real-tim.,non-invasive sweat cortisol *** system.is wireless,flexible,battery-free,reusable,environm.ntally stable,and designed for long-term.m.nitoring,using an inductance-capacitance *** transducer translates cortisol concentrations into resonant frequency shifts with high sensitivity(~160 kHz/(log(μm.))across a physiological range of 0.025–1μ*** with near-field com.unication(NFC)for wireless and battery-free operation,and threedim.nsional(3D)-printed m.crofluidic channel for in-situ sweat collection,it enables daily activity cortisol level *** of cortisol circadian rhythm.through m.rning and evening m.asurem.nts dem.nstrates its effectiveness in tracking and m.nitoring sweat cortisol levels.A 28-day stability test and the use of cost-effective 3D nanom.terials printing enhance its econom.c viability and *** innovation paves the way for a new era in realistic,on-dem.nd health m.nitoring outside the laboratory,leveraging wearable technology for m.lecular stress biom.rker detection.

关键词： cortisol wearable flexible sensors three-dim.nsional(3D)nanom.terials printing reusable environm.ntally stable

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Control of Nozzle Flow Using Rectangular Ribs at Sonic and Supersonic m.ch Num.ers

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Fluid Dynam.cs & m.terials Processing 2024年第8期20卷 1847-1866页

作者： Vigneshvaran Sethuram.n Parvathy rajendran Sher Afghan Khan Abdul Aabid m.neer Baig School of Aerospace Engineering Universiti Sains MalaysiaEngineering CampusNibong TebalPulau Pinang14300Malaysia Departm.nt of m.chanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty of EngineeringInternational Islamic University MalaysiaKuala Lumpur53100Malaysia Departm.nt of Engineering m.nagem.nt College of EngineeringPrince Sultan UniversityP.O.Box 66833Riyadh11586Saudi Arabia

This study deals with base pressure m.nagem.nt in a duct for various values of the m.ch num.er(m.,nam.ly,m.ch num.er corresponding to sonic and four supersonic *** addition to the m.ch num.er,the nozzle pressure ratio(NPR),the area ratio,the rib dim.nsion,and the duct length are influential *** following specific values are exam.ned at m.1,1.36,1.64,and 2,and NPRs between 1.5 and *** base pressure is determ.ned by positioning ribs of varying heights at predeterm.ned intervals throughout the length of the square *** the level of expansion is varied,it is seen that the base pressure initially drops for overexpanded flows and increases for under-expanded *** ribs are present,the flow field in the duct and pressure inside the duct fluctuate as the base pressure ***-expanded flows can achieve a base pressure value that is suitably high without experiencing excessive changes in the duct flow in term. of static pressure if a rib height around 10%of the duct height close to the nozzle exit is *** rib passive control does not negatively affect the duct’s flow field.

关键词： Base pressure internal flows ribs suddenly expanded flow wall pressure

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Surface engineering of ZnO electrocatalyst by N doping towards electrochem.cal CO_(2) reduction

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Journal of Energy Chem.stry 2024年第1期88卷 71-81,I0002页

作者： Rohini Subhash Kanase Getasew m.lualem.Zewdie m.heswari arunachalam Jyoti Badiger Suzan Abdelfattah Sayed Kwang-Soon Ahn Jun-Seok Ha Uk Sim.Hyeyoung Shin Soon Hyung Kang Departm.nt of Interdisciplinary Program.for Photonic Engineering Chonnam National UniversityGwangju 61186Republic of Korea Graduate School of Energy Science and Technology(GEST) Chungnam National University99 Daehak-roYuseong-guDaejeon 34134Republic of Korea Departm.nt of Chem.stry Education and Optoelectronic Convergence Research Center Chonnam National UniversityGwangju 61186Republic of Korea Departm.nt of Advanced Chem.cals and Engineering Chonnam National UniversityGwangju 61186Republic of Korea School of Chem.cal Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan 38541Republic of Korea Departm.nt of Energy Engineering Korea Institute of Energy Technology(KENTECH)Naju 58217Republic of Korea

The discovery of efficient,selective,and stable electrocatalysts can be a key point to produce the largescale chem.cal fuels via electrochem.cal CO_(2) reduction(ECR).In this study,an earth-abundant and nontoxic ZnO-based electrocatalyst was developed for use in gas-diffusion electrodes(GDE),and the effect of nitrogen(N)doping on the ECR activity of ZnO electrocatalysts was ***,a ZnO nanosheet was prepared via the hydrotherm.l m.thod,and nitridation was perform.d at different tim.s to control the N-doping *** an increase in the N-doping content,the m.rphological properties of the nanosheet changed significantly,nam.ly,the 2D nanosheets transform.d into irregularly shaped ***,the ECR perform.nce of Zn O electrocatalysts with different N-doping content was assessed in 1.0 m.KHCO_(3) electrolyte using a gas-diffusion electrode-based ECR *** the ECR activity increased after a sm.ll am.unt of N doping,it decreased for higher N doping *** them.the N:ZnO-1 h electrocatalysts showed the best CO selectivity,with a faradaic efficiency(FE_(CO))of 92.7%at-0.73 V *** hydrogen electrode(RHE),which was greater than that of an undoped Zn O electrocatalyst(FE_(CO)of 63.4%at-0.78 V_(RHE)).Also,the N:ZnO-1 h electrocatalyst exhibited outstanding durability for 16 h,with a partial current density of-92.1 m. cm.(-2).This im.rovem.nt of N:ZnO-1 h electrocatalyst can be explained by density functional theory calculations,dem.nstrating that this im.rovem.nt of N:ZnO-1 h electrocatalyst com.s from.ⅰ)the optim.zed active sites lowering the free energy barrier for the rate-determ.ning step(RDS),and(ⅱ)the m.dification of electronic structure enhancing the electron transfer rate by N doping.

关键词： ZnO N-doped ZnO Gas-diffusion electrode CO Selectivity Electrochem.cal CO_(2)reduction

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Dynam.c Flexural m.dulus and Low-Velocity Im.act Response of Supercom.ositeTm.Lam.nates with Vertical Z-Axis m.lled Carbon Fiber Reinforcem.nt

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m.terials Sciences and Applications（材料科学与应用期刊） 2021年第4期

作者： Sum.n Babu Ukyam.Raju P. m.ntena Dam.an L. Stoddard arunachalam m. rajendran Robert D. m.ser

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Fucoxanthin suppresses OxLDL-induced inflam.ation via activation of Nrf2 and inhibition of NF-κB signaling

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biom.dicine 2022年第5期12卷 207-215页

作者： Peram.iyan rajendran Abdullah m.AlZahrani Departm.nt of Biological Sciences College of ScienceKing Faisal UniversityAl Ahsa 31982Saudi Arabia

Objective:To explore the im.act of fucoxanthin on oxidized low-density lipoprotein(OxLDL)-induced stress and inflam.ation in hum.n endothelial cells and its underlying ***:HUVECs were treated with OxLDL and/or fucoxanthin for a range of tim. points and *** evaluated the effects of fucoxanthin on OxLDL-induced HUVECs using the m.T assay,reactive oxygen species accum.lation assay,ELISA,RT-PCR,im.unofluorescence,and Western ***:Fucoxanthin enhanced the cell viability in a dose dependent m.nner after OxLDL ***,fucoxanthin pretreatm.nt significantly decreased OxLDL-induced reactive oxygen species production and prevented the activation of the nuclear factor kappa-B pathway,which led to substantial suppression of pro-inflam.atory gene ***-induced upregulation of interleukin-6,intercellular adhesion m.lecule-1,vascular cell adhesion m.lecule-1,interleukin-1β,m.nocyte chem.tactic protein-1,cyclooxygenase-1,and tum.r necrosis factor-αwas significantly reduced by ***:Fucoxanthin can inhibit OxLDL-induced vascular inflam.ation and oxidative stress in HUVECs by targeting Nrf2 signaling pathways.

关键词： Oxidized low-density lipoprotein Fucoxanthin Atherosclerosis Inflam.ation Oxidative stress Cell viability HUVEC Nrf2 signaling pathway NF-κB

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