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Dynamical Analysis of the Stochastic COVID-19 Model Using Piecewise Differential Equation Technique

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2023年第12期137卷 2427-2464页

作者： Yu-Ming Chu Sobia Sultana Saima rashid Mohammed Shaaf Alharthi Department of Mathematics Huzhou UniversityHuzhou313000China Department of Mathematics Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic UniversityRiyadh12211Saudi Arabia Department of Mathematics Government College UniversityFaisalabad38000Pakistan Department of Mathematics and Statistics College of ScienceTaif UniversityP.O.Box 11099Taif21944Saudi Arabia

Various data sets showing the prevalence of numerous viral diseases have demonstrated that the transmission is not truly *** examples are the spread of Spanish flu and *** aimof this research is to develop a comprehensive nonlinear stochastic model having six cohorts relying on ordinary differential equations via piecewise fractional differential ***,the strength number of the deterministic case is carried ***,for the stochastic model,we show that there is a critical number RS0 that can predict virus persistence and infection *** of the peculiarity of this notion,an interesting way to ensure the existence and uniqueness of the global positive solution characterized by the stochastic COVID-19 model is established by creating a sequence of appropriate Lyapunov *** ergodic stationary distribution for the stochastic COVID-19 model is *** findings demonstrate a piecewise numerical technique to generate simulation studies for these *** collected outcomes leave no doubt that this conception is a revolutionary doorway that will assist mankind in good perspective nature.

关键词： COVID-19 epidemic model piecewise fractional differential operators piecewise numerical scheme extinction ergodicity and stationary distribution

Data Reliability and Sensors Lifetime in Bridge Health Monitoring using LoRaWAN-Zigbee

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第11期73卷 2663-2678页

作者： Awad Ali Reyazur rashid Irshad Ahmed Abdu Alattaab Aamir Fatahayab Department of Computer Science College of Science and Arts-SharourahNajran UniversityNajranKingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science JJTUJhunjhunuRajasthanIndia

The Wireless Sensor Network(WSN)is regarded as the fastest expanding technological trend in recent years due its application in a variety of *** the monitoring region,several sensor nodes with various sensing capabilities are installed to gather appropriate data and communicate it to the *** proposed system of the heterogeneous WSN employing LoRaWAN-Zigbee based hybrid communication is explored in this research *** communicate in a network,two Long–Range Wide Area Network(LoRaWAN)sensor clusters and two Zigbee sensor clusters are employed,together with two Zigbee and LoRaWAN *** suggested Golden eagle shepherd optimization(GESO)method then forms Zigbee as well as LoRaWAN networking ***,depending on energy usage and data packet size,the fitness of each sensor node is assessed using the Dynamic Intelligent Reasoning Based Neural(DIRN)*** software is used to implement and execute this *** the Zigbee network’s transmission distance is 650 m and the LoRaWAN network’s transmission range is 3.5 km,the system can function with a packet loss rate of less than 0.04 *** study shows significant gains in the performance of the system when compared to traditional approaches based on digital findings obtained on software solutions.

关键词： Zigbee LoRaWAN wireless sensor network health monitoring routing protocol

FPGA Implementation of Elliptic-Curve Diffie Hellman Protocol

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第10期73卷 1879-1894页

作者： Sikandar Zulqarnain Khan Sajjad Shaukat Jamal Asher Sajid Muhammad rashid Department of Aeronautical Engineering Estonian Aviation AcademyTartu61707Estonia Department of Mathematics College of ScienceKing Khalid UniversityAbha61413Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical Engineering Bahria UniversityIslamabad44000Pakistan Department of Computer Engineering Umm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah21955Saudi Arabia

This paper presents an efficient crypto processor architecture for key agreement using ECDH(Elliptic-curve Diffie Hellman)protocol over GF2163.The composition of our key-agreement architecture is expressed in consisting of the following:(i)Elliptic-curve Point Multiplication architecture for public key generation(DESIGN-I)and(ii)integration of DESIGN-I with two additional routing multiplexers and a controller for shared key generation(DESIGN-II).The arithmetic operators used in DESIGN-I and DESIGNII contain an adder,squarer,a multiplier and inversion.A simple shift and add multiplication method is employed to retain lower hardware ***,an essential inversion operation is operated using the Itoh-Tsujii algorithm with similar hardware resources of used squarer and multiplier *** proposed architecture is implemented in a Verilog *** implementation results are given on a Xilinx Virtex-7 FPGA(field-programmable gate array)*** DESIGN-I and DESIGN-II over GF2163,(i)the utilized Slices are 3983 and 4037,(ii)the time to compute one public key and a shared secret is 553.7μs and 1170.7μs and(iii)the consumed power is 29μW and 57μ***,the achieved area optimized and power reduced results show that the proposed ECDH architecture is a suitable alternative(to generate a shared secret)for the applications that require low hardware resources and power consumption.

关键词： Elliptic curve cryptography point multiplication key-agreement diffie hellman area optimized architecture FPGA

Transmission dynamics of Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease with partial immunity through non-integer derivative

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生物数学学报:英文版 2023年第6期16卷 149-173页

作者： rashid Jan Salah Boulaaras Sultan Alyobit Muhammad Jawad Department of Mathematics University of Swabi Swabi 23561Khyber PakhtunkhwaPakistan Department of Mathematics College of Sciences and Arts Qassim UniversityAr RassSaudi Arabia Department of Mathematics College of Science 8 Arts King Abdulaziz UniversityRabighSaudi Arabia

In this paper,we formulate the transmission phenomena of Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease(HFMD)through non-integer *** interrogate the biological meaningful results of the recommended system of *** basic reproduction number is determined through next generation method and the impact of different parameters on the reproduction number is examined with the help of partial rank correlation coeficient(PRCC)*** addition,we concentrated on qualitative analysis and dynamical behavior of HFMD ***'s and Schaefer's fixed-point theorems are used to analyze the uniqueness and existence of the solution of the proposed HFMD *** HFMD system's Ulam-Hyers stability has been confirmed to be *** highlight the impact of the parameters on the dynamics of HFMD,we performed several simulations through numerical scheme to conceptualize the transmission route of the *** be more specific,numerical simulations are used to visualize the effect of input parameters on the systems *** have shown the key input parameters of the system for the control of infection in the society.

关键词： Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease fractional derivatives mathematical model threshold parameter numerical scheme dynamical behavior

Privacy and security federated reference architecture for Internet of Things

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2023年第4期24卷 481-508页

作者： Musab KAMAL Imran rashid Waseem IQBAL Muhammad Haroon SIDDIQUI Sohaib KHAN Ijaz AHMAD Department of Information Security National University of Sciences and TechnologyIslamabad 44000Pakistan Faculty of Information Technology Majan University CollegeMuscat 112Oman

Physical objects are getting connected to the Internet at an exceptional rate,making the idea of the Internet of Things(IoT)a *** IoT ecosystem is evident everywhere in the form of smart homes,health care systems,wearables,connected vehicles,and *** has given rise to risks associated with the privacy and security of *** issues and cyber attacks on IoT devices may potentially hinder the growth of IoT products due to deficiencies in the *** counter these issues,we need to implement privacy and security right from the building blocks of *** IoT architecture has evolved over the years,improving the stack of architecture with new solutions such as scalability,management,interoperability,and *** emphasizes the need to standardize and organize the IoT reference architecture in federation with privacy and security *** this study,we examine and analyze 12 existing IoT reference architectures to identify their shortcomings on the basis of the requirements addressed in the *** propose an architecture,the privacy-federated IoT security reference architecture(PF-IoT-SRA),which interprets all the involved privacy metrics and counters major threats and attacks in the IoT communication *** is a step toward the standardization of the domain *** effectively validate our proposed reference architecture using the architecture trade-off analysis method(ATAM),an industry-recognized scenario-based approach.

关键词： Architecturally significant requirement(ASR) Architecture trade-off analysis method(ATAM) Internet architecture board Internet of Things(IoT) Privacy enhancing technologies Privacy validation chain

Energy and Life Cycle Assessment of Zinc/Water Nanofluid Based Photovoltaic Thermal System

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Energy Engineering 2022年第2期119卷 827-846页

作者： Junaid Khan rashid Ali Muzammil Zubair Syed Mohd Yahya SEARL Laboratory Department of Mechancial EngineeringAligarh Muslim UniversityAligarh202002India

Cooling the PV surface in a Photovoltaic Thermal system is a pivotal operational aspect to be taken into account to achieve optimized values of performance parameters in a Photovoltaic Thermal *** experimental design used in this study facilitates the flow of varying concentrations of Zn-water nanofluid in serpentine copper tubing installed at the rear of the PV panel thereby preventing the PV surface temperature from increasing beyond the threshold value at which a decrease in electrical efficiency starts to *** fusion of solar thermal with PV devices leads to better electrical and thermal efficiency values resulting in decreased cell degradation over time and maximization of the lifespan of the PV module and the energy output from the PV *** to the superior thermal heat properties of nanofluids,their usage in such systems has become increasingly *** cycle metrics which include Energy Payback period,Energy Production Factor and life cycle conversion efficiency were evaluated for the PVT system by exhaustively chalking fundamental parameters such as embodied energy of the PVT setup and the total energy output from the PVT *** research aims to be a major milestone in the evolutionary journey of Photovoltaic Thermal modules by guiding the engineers working on the theory,design and implementation of PVT systems towards its economic feasibility,environmental impact and energy sustainability.

关键词： Photovoltaic thermal system nanofluids performance parameters life cycle assessment

An Artificial Neural Network-Based Model for Effective Software Development Effort Estimation

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第2期44卷 1309-1324页

作者： Junaid rashid Sumera Kanwal Muhammad Wasif Nisar Jungeun Kim Amir Hussain Department of Computer Science and Engineering Kongju National UniversityCheonan31080Korea Department of Computer Science COMSATS University IslamabadWah CampusIslamabad47040Pakistan Centre of AI and Data Science Edinburgh Napier UniversityEdinburghEH114DYUK

In project management,effective cost estimation is one of the most cru-cial activities to efﬁciently manage resources by predicting the required cost to fulﬁll a given ***,ﬁnding the best estimation results in software devel-opment is ***,accurate estimation of software development efforts is always a concern for many *** this paper,we proposed a novel soft-ware development effort estimation model based both on constructive cost model II(COCOMO II)and the artiﬁcial neural network(ANN).An artiﬁcial neural net-work enhances the COCOMO model,and the value of the baseline effort constant A is calibrated to use it in the proposed model *** state-of-the-art publicly available datasets are used for *** backpropagation feed-forward procedure used a training set by iteratively processing and training a neural *** proposed model is tested on the test *** estimated effort is compared with the actual effort *** results show that the effort estimated by the proposed model is very close to the real effort,thus enhanced the reliability and improving the software effort estimation accuracy.

关键词： Software cost estimation neural network backpropagation forward neural networks software effort estimation artiﬁcial neural network

Bioconvection Mangnetohydrodynamic Tangent Hyperbolic Nanofluid Flow with Quartic Chemical Reaction Past a Paraboloid Surface

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2022年第1期130卷 205-220页

作者： S.M.Atif W.A.Khan Muhammad Abbas Umair rashid Department of Mathematics Capital University of Science and TechnologyIslamabadPakistan Department of Mechanical Engineering College of EngineeringPrinceMohammad Bin Fahd UniversityAl KhobarSaudi Arabia Department of Mathematics University of SargodhaSargodhaPakistan CASKey Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior andDesign of Materials Department of Modern MechanicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina

In this numerical study,the effect of quartic autocatalysis type of chemical reaction,buoyancy force and thermal radiation phenomenon and magnetic effect on tangent hyperbolic nanofluid past an upper horizontal surface of a paraboloid has been *** considering the Buongiorno model approach,a diffusion of unequal coefficients in the presence of gyrotactic microorganism is *** of microorganism’s idea is used to stabilize the nanoparticles through *** modeled PDEs of the problems are converted into nonlinear ODEs with the assistant of the similarity *** tackle nonlinear ODEs,MATLAB package bvp4c is *** addition,a hallmark of the Matlab code with the reported results in the literature is achieved by *** variations in motion,concentration,temperature,and motile density due to sundry parameters have been analyzed in-depth via *** analysis shows that the density profile of motile of microorganism is hiked with an increment in the bioconvection Rayleigh number but decreases for higher thermal Grashof number.

关键词： Quartic autocatalysis tangent hyperbolic nanofluid brownian motion paraboloid of revolution MHD flow thermophoresis

Effects of hooked-collar on the local scour around a lenticular bridge pier

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2023年第1期38卷 1-11页

作者： rashid Farooq Amir Hossein Azimi Muhammad Atiq Ur Rehman Tariq Afzal Ahmed Department of Civil Engineering International Islamic University Department of Civil Engineering Lakehead University College of Engineering and Science Victoria University Department of Civil Engineering University of Engineering and Technology James Watt School of Engineering University of Glasgow

This paper presents the results of comprehensive laboratory experiments to investigate the effects of hooked-collar on the scour development around a vertical pier with a lenticular cross section. The flow around the pier was uniform, steady, and under the clear-water condition. The axial scour profiles for cases without and with a lenticular hooked-collar were measured and the effects of hooked-collar dimensions and elevation from the bed were examined. To compute the efficiency of hooked-collar for scour prevention, the results of local scour for a bridge pier without a collar and a bridge pier with a plain collar, without a hooked wall, were used as benchmark data sets. A wide range of hooked-collar geometries such as the ratio of collar width to the pier width, Wc/Wp, ranging from 1.5 to 3.5, the ratio of hooked-collar wall height to the pier width, Hc/Wp, ranging from 0.15 to 0.6, and the ratio of collar elevation to the pier width, Ec/Wp, of-0.5, 0, and 0.5 were tested. The experimental results indicated that the equilibrium scour depth decreased with the ratio of hooked-collar to the pier width when Wcis twice the pier width, Wp. For Wc/Wp> 2, the scour depth was similar to the tests with an infinitely large pier width. In addition, the scour depth consistently reduced as the hooked-collar wall height, Hc, to the pier width, Wp, approached 0.3. The highest scour reduction efficiency was achieved when the hooked-collar being placed on the bed surface. Empirical models were developed for prediction of maximum scour depth near the lenticular bridge pier with a modified collar. The results showed that the volume of scour hole around a lenticular pier increased non-linearly with the maximum scour depth and it was independent of the hooked-collar geometry.

关键词： Local scour Erosion Collar Hooked-collar Lenticular pier Scour countermeasure Steady flow