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Einstein Probe discovery of EP240408a:A peculiar X-ray transient with an intermediate timescale

Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年

作者： Wenda Zhang Weimin Yuan Zhixing Ling Yong Chen Nanda Rea arne rau Zhiming Cai Huaqing Cheng Francesco Coti Zelati Lixin Dai Jingwei Hu Shumei Jia Chichuan Jin Dongyue Li Paul O’Brien Rongfeng Shen Xinwen Shu Shengli Sun Xiaojin Sun Xiaofeng Wang Lei Yang Bing Zhang Chen Zhang Shuang-Nan Zhang Yonghe Zhang Jie An David Buckley Alexis Coleiro Bertrand Cordier Liming Dou Rob Eyles-Ferris Zhou Fan Hua Feng Shaoyu Fu Johan P. U. Fynbo Lluis Galbany Saurabh W. Jha Shuaiqing Jiang Albert Kong Erik Kuulkers Weihua Lei Wenxiong Li Bifang Liu Mingjun Liu Xing Liu Yuan Liu Zhu Liu Chandreyee Maitra Alessio Marino Itumeleng Monageng Kirpal Nandra Jeremy Sanders Roberto Soria Lian Tao Junfeng Wang Song Wang Tinggui Wang Zhongxiang Wang Qingwen Wu Xuefeng Wu Dong Xu Yanjun Xu Suijian Xue Yongquan Xue Zijian Zhang Zipei Zhu Hu Zou Congying Bao Fansheng Chen Houlei Chen Tianxiang Chen Wei Chen Yehai Chen Yifan Chen Chenzhou Cui Weiwei Cui Yanfeng Dai Dongwei Fan Ju Guan Dawei Han Dongjie Hou Haibo Hu Maohai Huang Jia Huo Zhenqing Jia Bowen Jiang Ge Jin Chengkui Li Junfei Li Longhui Li Maoshun Li Wei Li Zhengda Li Tianying Lian Congzhan Liu Heyang Liu Huaqiu Liu Fangjun Lu Laidan Luo Jia Ma Xuan Mao Haiwu Pan Xin Pan Liming Song Hui Sun Yunyin Tan Qingjun Tang Yihan Tao Hao Wang Juan Wang Lei Wang Wenxin Wang Yilong Wang Yusa Wang Qinyu Wu Haitao Xu Jingjing Xu Xinpeng Xu Yunfei Xu Zhao Xu Changbin Xue Yulong Xue Ailiang Yan Haonan Yang Xiongtao Yang Yanji Yang Juan Zhang Mo Zhang Wenjie Zhang Zhen Zhang Zhen Zhang Ziliang Zhang Donghua Zhao Haisheng Zhao Xiaofan Zhao Zijian Zhao Hongyan Zhou Yilin Zhou Yuxuan Zhu Zhencai Zhu Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC) Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics Innovation Academy for Microsatellites Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Physics University of Hong Kong School of Physics and Astronomy University of Leicester School of Physics and Astronomy Sun Yat-sen University National Astronomical Observatories Department of Physics Anhui Normal University Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Physics Department Tsinghua University Nevada Center for Astrophysics University of Nevada Las Vegas Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Nevada Las Vegas Chinese Academy of Sciences South African Astronomical Observatory Department of Astronomy University of Cape Town Department of Physics University of the Free State Universite' Paris Cite' CNRS Astroparticule et Cosmologie Universite' Paris Cite' CEA Paris-Saclay School of Astronomy and Space Sciences IRFU/DAp-AIM Department of Astronomy Guangzhou University Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen Department of Physics and Astronomy Rutgers the State University of New Jersey Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Chinese Academy of Sciences The University of Tokyo ESA/ESTEC Noordwijk 2201 AZ The Netherlands Department of Astronomy School of Physics Huazhong University of Science and Technology INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino Sydney Institute for Astronomy School of Physics Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics The University of Sydney Department of Astronomy Xiamen University Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics Beijing Normal University Department of Astronomy University of Science and Technology Hefei School of Astronomy and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Institute of High Energy Physics Institute of Deep Space Sciences Deep Space Exploration Laboratory Department of Astronomy School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan University Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Science

We report the discovery of a peculiar X-ray transient,EP240408a,by Einstein Probe （EP） and follow-up studies made with EP,Swift,NICER,GROND,ATCA and other ground-based multiwavelength *** new transient was first detected with Wide-field X-ray Telescope （WXT） on board EP on April 8th,2024,manifested in an intense yet brief X-ray flare lasting for *** flare reached a peak flux of 3.9×10-9erg cm-2s-1in 0.5-4 keV,300 times brighter than the underlying X-ray emission detected throughout the *** and more precise follow-up observations by EP/FXT,Swift and NICER confirmed the finding of this new *** X-ray spectrum is non-thermal in 0.5-10 keV,with a power-law photon index varying *** X-ray light curve shows a plateau lasting for4d,followed by a steep decay till becoming undetectable10 d after the initial *** on its temporal property and constraints from previous EP observations,an unusual timescale in the range of 7-23 d is found for EP240408a,which is intermediate between the commonly found fast and long-term *** counterparts have been found in optical and near-infrared,with the earliest observation at 17 h after the initial X-ray detection,suggestive of intrinsically weak emission in these *** demonstrate that the remarkable properties of EP240408a are inconsistent with any of the transient types known so far,by comparison with,in particular,jetted tidal disruption events,gamma-ray bursts,X-ray binaries and fast blue optical *** nature of EP240408a thus remains an *** suggest that EP240408a may represent a new type of transients with intermediate timescales of the order of10 *** detection and follow-ups of more of such objects are essential for revealing their origin.

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半导体工业生产中的人因工程风险与挑战

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工业工程与管理 2024年第2期29卷 1-9页

作者：杨敏倩饶培伦清华大学工业工程系北京100084

半导体生产过程具有工艺复杂、自动化程度高、操作精度高等特点。从事该生产过程的工人面临许多生理与心理方面的风险。从人因工程的角度出发,首先,结合产线中工人的工作内容,提炼了半导体生产过程中面临的核心人因工程风险;其次,从生... 详细信息

半导体生产过程具有工艺复杂、自动化程度高、操作精度高等特点。从事该生产过程的工人面临许多生理与心理方面的风险。从人因工程的角度出发,首先,结合产线中工人的工作内容,提炼了半导体生产过程中面临的核心人因工程风险;其次,从生理、认知、组织三方面将这些风险进行分类,并从相关文献中总结造成这些风险的工作任务因素、机器和系统因素、环境因素,从而提出了半导体工业生产中的人因工程风险与挑战及其影响因素模型;然后,分别对三类风险及影响因素进行了详细的文献综述分析;最终,提出了若干聚焦于国内半导体生产行业的人因工程研究方向建议,包括工作姿势培训方法、工人身体心理健康状况评估、工作地与产线布局设计、人机交互设计等,以促进我国半导体行业发展。

关键词：半导体产业人因工程工业工程管理

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零工工作者的算法感知因素及其影响——以外卖骑手为例

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工业工程与管理 2024年第4期29卷 1-10页

作者：李彦怡袁天一饶培伦清华大学工业工程系北京100084

本文以外卖骑手为代表,探索零工工作者的算法感知因素及其对工作满意度和未来工作意愿的影响。首先,在田野调查和文献调研的基础上,设计了问卷并通过实地走访和滚雪球方式发放了458份问卷,回收了313份有效数据;其次,采用因子分析,总结出... 详细信息

本文以外卖骑手为代表,探索零工工作者的算法感知因素及其对工作满意度和未来工作意愿的影响。首先,在田野调查和文献调研的基础上,设计了问卷并通过实地走访和滚雪球方式发放了458份问卷,回收了313份有效数据;其次,采用因子分析,总结出8个不同维度的算法感知因素,建立了外卖骑手的算法感知模型;最后,使用回归分析探索了人口学特征及算法感知因素对工作满意度和工作意愿的影响。结果显示,性别、户籍、算法监控、算法透明度、准入门槛等因素均会对工作满意度及工作意愿产生影响。外卖等零工众包平台在设计算法时,除了考虑效率,还应当考虑工作者对算法的感知,关注骑手的经验与感受,实现行业的积极可持续发展。

关键词：零工外卖外卖骑手算法感知

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A Novel Contactless Method for Characterization of Semiconductors：Surface Electron Bean Induced Voltage in Scanning Electron Microscopy

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Chinese Physics Letters 2002年第9期19卷 1329-1332页

作者：朱世秋 E.I.rau 等 NationalLaboratoryforSuperlatticesandMicrostructures InstituteofSemiconductorsChineseAcademyofSciencesBeijing100083 DepartmentofPhysics MoscowStateUniversityMoscow119899Russia

We present a novel contactless and nondestructive method called the surface electron beam induced voltage (SEBIV) method for characterizing semiconductor materials and devices. The SEBIV method is based on the detection of the surface potential induced by electron beams of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The core part of the SEBIV detection set-up is a circular metal detector placed above the sample surface. The capacitance between the circular detector and whole surface of the sample is estimated to be about 0.64pf. It is large enough for the detection of the induced surface potential. The irradiation mode of electron beam (e-beam) influences the signal generation. When the e-beam irradiates on the surface of semiconductors continuously, a differential signal is obtained. The real distribution of surface potentials can be obtained when a pulsed e-beam with a fixed frequency is used for irradiation and a lock-in amplifier is employed for detection. The polarity of induced potential depends on the structure of potential barriers and surface states of samples. The contrast of SEBIV images in SEM changes with irradiation time and e-beam intensity.

关键词： Scanning electron microscopy

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Severe acute pancreatitis: Clinical course and management

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第38期13卷 5043-5051页

作者： Hans G Beger Bettina M rau Department of General Surgery Department of Viszeralsurgery University of Ulm (1982-2001) Donau-Klinikum Neu-Ulm Germany Department of General Viszeral Vascular and Pediatric Surgery Universit?tsklinikum des Saarlandes Homburg/ Saar Germany

Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) develops in about 25% of patients with acute pancreatitis (AP). Severity of AP is linked to the presence of systemic organ dysfunctions and/or necrotizing pancreatitis pathomorphologically. Risk factors determining independently the outcome of SAP are early multi-organ failure, infection of necrosis and extended necrosis (> 50%). Up to one third of patients with necrotizing pancreatitis develop in the late course infection of necroses. Morbidity of SAP is biphasic, in the first week strongly related to early and persistence of organ or multi-organ dysfunction. Clinical sepsis caused by infected necrosis leading to multi-organ failure syndrome (MOFS) occurs in the later course after the first week. To predict sepsis, MOFS or deaths in the first 48-72 h, the highest predictive accuracy has been objectified for procalcitonin and IL-8; the Sepsis- Related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA)-score predicts the outcome in the first 48 h, and provides a daily assessment of treatment response with a high positive predictive value. Contrast-enhanced CT provides the highest diagnostic accuracy for necrotizing pancreatitis when performed after the first week of disease. Patients who suffer early organ dysfunctions or at risk of developing a severe disease require early intensive care treatment. Early vigorous intravenous fluid replacement is of foremost importance. The goal is to decrease the hematocrit or restore normal cardiocirculatory functions. Antibiotic prophylaxis has not been shown as an effective preventive treatment. Early enteral feeding is based on a high level of evidence, resulting in a reduction of local and systemic infection. Patients suffering infected necrosis causing clinical sepsis, pancreatic abscess or surgical acute abdomen are candidates for early intervention. Hospital mortality of SAP after interventional or surgical debridement has decreased in high volume centers to below 20%.

关键词： Severe acute pancreatitis Multiorgan failure syndrome Infected necrosis Fluid replacement Enteral feeding Surgical and interventional debridement

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Screening for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-when,who and how?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第35期27卷 5803-5821页

作者： Christoph G Dietrich Monika rau Andreas Geier Department of Internal Medicine Bethlehem Health CenterStolberg 52222Germany Department of Internal Medicine II University Hospital WürzburgWürzburg 97080Germany Department of Medicine II University Hospital WürzburgWürzburg 97080Germany

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is becoming a frequent liver disease,especially in patients with metabolic syndrome and especially in Western *** of NAFLD comprise progressive fibrosis,cirrhosis and hepatocellular *** also represents an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease,extrahepatic neoplasia and other organ damage,such as renal *** the epidemiological importance of the disease,new developments in specific treatment of the disease and the wide availability of noninvasive techniques in estimating steatosis and fibrosis,NAFLD should be subject to screening programs,at least in countries with a high prevalence of the *** review discusses prerequisites for screening,cost-effectiveness,current guideline recommendations,suitability of techniques for screening and propositions for the following questions:Who should be screened?Who should perform screening?How should screening be performed?It is time for a screening program in patients at risk for NAFLD.

关键词： Screening Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Diabetes Liver fibrosis Cirrhosis

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Factors influencing the drug release from calcium phosphate cements

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Bioactive Materials 2022年第1期7卷 341-363页

作者： Marco Fosca Julietta V.rau Vuk Uskokovi Istituto di Struttura della Materia Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche(ISM-CNR)Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 10000133RomeItaly I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University Institute of PharmacyDepartment of AnalyticalPhysical and Colloid ChemistryTrubetskaya 8build.2119991MoscowRussia Advanced Materials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory TardigradeNano LLCIrvineCA 92604United States

Thanks to their biocompatibility,biodegradability,injectability and self-setting properties,calcium phosphate cements(CPCs)have been the most economical and effective biomaterials of choice for use as bone void *** have also been extensively used as drug delivery carriers owing to their ability to provide for a steady release of various organic molecules aiding the regeneration of defective bone,including primarily antibiotics and growth *** review provides a systematic compilation of studies that reported on the controlled release of drugs from CPCs in the last 25 *** chemical,compositional and microstructural characteristics of these systems through which the control of the release rates and mechanisms could be achieved have been *** doing so,the effects of(i)the chemistry of the matrix,(ii)porosity,(iii)additives,(iv)drug types,(v)drug concentrations,(vi)drug loading methods and(vii)release media have been distinguished and discussed *** specificities of in vivo release of drugs from CPCs have been reviewed,*** the kinetic and mechanistic correlations between the CPC properties and the drug release is a prerequisite for the design of bone void fillers with drug release profiles precisely tailored to the application area and the clinical *** goal of this review has been to shed light on these fundamental correlations.

关键词： Calcium phosphate cements Drug release Release rate Antibiotics release Bone fillers

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Metabolomic Fingerprinting of Blood Samples by Direct Infusion Mass Spectrometry:Application in Alzheimer’s Disease Research

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Journal of Analysis and Testing 2017年第3期1卷 83-91页

作者： rau´l Gonza´lez-Domı´nguez Department of Chemistry Faculty of Experimental SciencesUniversity of Huelva21007 HuelvaSpain

Metabolomics is largely employed in numerous biomedical research fields,such as the study of the underlying pathology of diseases,discovery of diagnostic biomarkers,or drug ***,the main challenge is to obtain comprehensive and unbiased metabolomic profiles due to the huge complexity,heterogeneity,and dynamism of the *** this end,mass spectrometry represents a very interesting analytical platform,since the complexity of metabolome may be overcome through the use of different orthogonal separation techniques,including liquid chromatography,gas chromatography,and capillary ***,direct mass spectrometry analysis has been postulated as a complementary choice to hyphenated *** technique exhibits several advantages such as the ability for high-throughput screening,fast analysis,and wide metabolomic coverage,since there is not exclusion of compounds due to the separation *** present work explores the utility of metabolomics based on direct infusion mass spectrometry for analyzing blood *** most important analytical concerns to be considered are discussed,including sample handling,comprehensive fingerprinting,as well as subsequent identification of metabolites,and global characterization of metabolomic *** conclude,a brief review on the application of these metabolomic platforms in Alzheimer’s disease research is also provided.

关键词： Metabolomics Direct infusion mass spectrometry Alzheimer’s disease Blood

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超高分辨光子计数CT评估冠状动脉支架通畅性：与有创法冠状动脉造影的对照研究

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国际医学放射学杂志 2024年第5期 619-620页

作者： M.T.Hagar M.Soschynski R.Saffar M.F.Molina-Fuentes J.Weiss A.rau 苗彦许振华

目的与有创冠状动脉造影（ICA）对照，评价超高分辨光子计数CT血管成像（UHR PCD-CTA）检测冠状动脉支架通畅性的准确度。方法前瞻性纳入2022年8月—2023

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Quantum Transport across Amorphous-Crystalline Interfaces in Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact Solar Cells: Direct versus Defect-Assisted Tunneling

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Chinese Physics Letters 2021年第3期38卷 75-80页

作者： Feng Li Weiyuan Duan Manuel Pomaska Malte Köhler Kaining Ding Yong Pu Urs Aeberhard Uwe rau College of Science Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210023China IEK-5 Photovoltaik Forschungszentrum Jülich52425 JülichGermany

Tunnel oxide passivated contact solar cells have evolved into one of the most promising silicon solar cell concepts of the past decade,achieving a record efficiency of 25%.We study the transport mechanisms of realistic tunnel oxide structures,as encountered in tunnel oxide passivating contact(TOPCon) solar *** transport is affected by various factors,including oxide layer thickness,hydrogen passivation,and oxygen *** the thickness of the tunnel oxide layer increases,a faster decline of conductivity is obtained computationally than that observed *** tunneling seems not to explain the transport characteristics of tunnel oxide ***,it can be shown that recombination of multiple oxygen defects in a-SiOx can generate atomic silicon nanowires in the tunnel ***,new and energetically favorable transmission channels are generated,which dramatically increase the total current,and could provide an explanation for our experimental *** work proves that hydrogenated silicon oxide(SiOx:H) facilitates high-quality passivation,and features good electrical conductivity,making it a promising hydrogenation material for TOPCon solar *** carefully selecting the experimental conditions for tuning the SiOx:H layer,we anticipate the simultaneous achievement of high open-circuit voltage and low contact resistance.

关键词： tuning Tunnel conductivity

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