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A Major Role of the MEKK1-MKK1/2-MPK4 Pathway in ROS Signalling

Molecular Plant 2009年第1期2卷 120-137页

作者： Andrea Pitzschke armin djamei Frederique Bitton Heribert Hirt Department of Plant Molecular Biology Max F. Perutz Laboratories University of Vienna Dr.-Bohr-Gasse 9 1030 Vienna Austria Present address: Max-Planck-lnstitute for Terrestrial Microbiology Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse 35043 Marburg Germany URGV Plant Genomics Laboratory 2 Rue Gaston Cremieux 91057 Evry France

Over the last few years, it has become evident that reactive oxygen species （ROS） signalling plays an important role in various physiological responses, including pathogen defense and stomatal opening/closure. On the other hand, ROS overproduction is detrimental for proper plant growth and development, indicating that the regulation of an appropriate redox balance is essential for plants. ROS homeostasis in plants involves the mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） pathway consisting of the MAPK kinase kinase MEKK1 and the MAPK MPK4. Phenotypic and molecular analysis revealed that the MAPK kinases MKK1 and MKK2 are part of a cascade, regulating ROS and salicylic acid （SA） accumulation. Gene expression analysis shows that of 32 transcription factors reported to be highly responsive to multiple ROS-inducing conditions, 20 are regulated by the MEKK1, predominantly via the MEKK1-MKK1/2-MPK4 pathway. However, MEKK1 also functions on other as yet unknown pathways and part of the MEKK1-dependent MPK4 responses are regulated independently of MKK1 and MKK2. Overall, this analysis emphasizes the central role of this MAPK cascade in oxidative stress signalling, but also indicates the high level of complexity revealed by this signalling network.

关键词： Mitogen-activated protein kinases MEKK1 MKK1 MKK2 MPK4 reactive oxygen species redox homeostasis stress signalling differential gene expression.

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Timing Is Everything： Highly Specific and Transient Expression of a MAP Kinase Determines Auxin-Induced Leaf Venation Patterns in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2014年第11期7卷 1637-1652页

作者： Vera Stanko Concetta Giuliani Katarzyna Retzer armin djamei Vanessa Wahl Bernhard Wurzinger Cathal Wilson Erwin Heberle-Bors Markus Teige Friedrich Kragler Department of Plant Molecular Biology Max. F. Perutz Laboratories University of Vienna Dr. Bohrgasse 9/4 Vienna A-1030 Austria Present address: Felix-Klein-Gymnasium Bottingerstraβe 17 D-37073 Gottingen Germany Present address: Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology Muthgasse 11 A-1190 Vienna Austria Present address: Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Muthgasse 18 A-1190 Vienna Austria Present address: Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3 1030 Vienna Austria Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology Wissenschaftspark Golm Am Muhlenberg 1 D-14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany Department of Biochemistry Max. F. Perutz Laboratories University of Vienna Dr. Bohrgasse 9/5 Vienna A-1030 Austria Present address: Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology University of Vienna Althanstr. 14 A-1090 Vienna Austria Present address: Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine Via Pietro Castellino 11180131-Naples Italy Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology University of Vienna AIthanstr. 14 A-1090 Vienna Austria

Mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） cascades are universal signal transduction modules present in all eukaryotes. In plants, MAPK cascades were shown to regulate cell division, developmental processes, stress responses, and hormone pathways. The subgroup A of Arabidopsis MAPKs consists of AtMPK3, AtMPK6, and AtMPK10. AtMPK3 and AtMPK6 are activated by their upstream MAP kinase kinases （MKKs） AtMKK4 and AtMKK5 in response to biotic and abiotic stress. In addition, they were identified as key regulators of stomatal development and patterning. AtMPKIO has long been considered as a pseudo-gene, derived from a gene duplication of AtMPK6. Here we show that AtMPKIO is expressed highly but very transiently in seedlings and at sites of local auxin maxima leaves. MPK10 encodes a functional kinase and interacts with the upstream MAP kinase kinase （MAPKK） AtMKK2. mpklO mutants are delayed in flowering in long-day conditions and in continuous light. Moreover, cotyledons of mpk10 and mkk2 mutants have reduced vein complexity, which can be reversed by inhibiting polar auxin transport （PAT）. Auxin does not affect AtMPKIO expression while treatment with the PAT inhibitor HFCA extends the expression in leaves and reverses the mpklO mutant phenotype. These results suggest that the AtMKK2-AtMPK10 MAPK module regulates venation complexity by altering PAT efficiency.

关键词： Arabidopsis MAP kinase leaf development polar auxin transport leaf venation pattern.

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TOPLESS promotes plant immunity by repressing auxin signaling and is targeted by the fungal effector Naked1

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Plant Communications 2022年第2期3卷 92-111页

作者： Fernando Navarrete Michelle Gallei Aleksandra EKornienko Indira Saado Mamoona Khan Khong-Sam Chia Martin A.Darino Janos Bindics armin djamei Gregor Mendel Institute(GMI) Austrian Academy of Sciences(OEAW)Vienna BioCenter(VBC)Dr.Bohr-Gasse 31030 ViennaAustria Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research(IPK) OT GaterslebenCorrensstraße 306466 Stadt SeelandGermany Present address:Institute of Science and Technology Austria Am Campus 13400 KlosterneuburgAustria Present address:Institute of Molecular Biotechnology Dr.Bohr-Gasse 31030 ViennaAustria Present address:Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation University of BonnBonnGermany

In plants,the antagonism between growth and defense is hardwired by hormonal *** perception of pathogen-associatedmolecularpatterns(PAMPs)frominvadingmicroorganismsinhibits auxin signalingand plant ***,pathogens manipulate auxin signaling to promote disease,but how this hormone inhibits immunity is not fully *** maydis is a maize pathogen that induces auxin signaling in its *** characterized a *** effector protein,Naked1(Nkd1),that is translocated into the host *** its native ethylene-responsive element binding factor-associated amphiphilic repression(EAR)motif,Nkd1 binds to the transcriptional co-repressors TOPLESS/TOPLESS-related(TPL/TPRs)and prevents the recruitment of a transcriptional repressor involved in hormonal signaling,leading to the derepression of auxin and jasmonate signaling and thereby promoting susceptibility to(hemi)biotrophic pathogens.A moderate upregulation of auxin signaling inhibits the PAMP-triggered reactive oxygen species(ROS)burst,an early defense ***,our findings establish a clear mechanism for auxin-induced pathogen *** Nkd1 variants with increased expression or increased EAR-mediated TPL/TPR binding trigger typical salicylic-acid-mediated defense reactions,leading to pathogen *** implies that moderate binding of Nkd1 to TPL is a result of a balancing evolutionary selection process to enable TPL manipulation while avoiding host recognition.

关键词： topless auxin pattern-triggered immunity PTI effector maize Ustilago maydis

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