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Degassing of primordial hydrogen and helium as the major energy source for internal terrestrial processes

Geoscience Frontiers 2012年第6期3卷 911-921页

作者： arie Lev gilat Alexander Vol Geological Survey of Israel(Ret.) 6/2 Shoshan Tsahor St..Modi'in 71705.Israel Oshadi Drug Administration Ltd P.O.Box 2042.Rehovot 76120Israel

Examples of the mightiest energy releases by great earthquakes and volcanic eruptions and hypotheses providing explanations for them are analyzed along with the results of some recently pub- lished researches and visualizations. The emerging conclusions are that the mechanism of the strong earthquake is a chemical explosion; that volcanic eruption is a special type of earthquake wherein the hypocenter rises to the earth-surface; and that there is an association between the seismic-volcanic processes and mantle ＂fluids＂ and the lack of energy for mantle plumes. A conceptual system of hypoth- eses is put forward to explain the conservation of energy during Earth＇s accretion, its quasi-stable release by primordial H- and He-degassing and of the crucial role of the energy of degassing-eomprising- reactions in endogenic processes. Specific mechanisms and chemical processes are proposed for the gas-liquid mantle plumes melting through the solid mantle using heat-energy released in reactions of their metamorphic and chemical transformation under gradual decrease of pressure and temperature; volcanic gases are put forward as energy carriers. 3He performance as a unique measuring transformer correlative to the internal heat flow was used for calculation of energy release by degassing; it equals to 5.12 × 1020 J/yr, an amount of energy five-fold greater than the entire energy loss involved in earthquake and volcanic activity. The hypotheses proposed are objectively testable.

关键词： Earthquakes Volcanism Energy-source Hydrogen Helium Degassing

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Hypothetical Physics and Chemistry of Volcanic Eruptions: The Doorway to Their Prediction

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International Journal of Geosciences 2019年第4期10卷 377-404页

作者： arie Lev gilat Strachimir Cht Mavrodiev Alexander Vol Geological Survey of Israel (Ret.) Jerusalem Israel INRNE-BAS Sofia Bulgaria OSHADI Drug Administration Ltd. Rehovot Israel

This article presents a further development of the hypotheses concerning the possibility of predicting (“tectonic”) earthquakes [1]. Those hypotheses are based on the conversion of all types of released energy into heat and active chemical substances. One of the important sources of this phenomenon is the release of the latent energy trapped and stored during the Earth’s accretion. The latent energy of primordial hydrogen and helium escaping from the Earth’s core and lower mantle causes degassing processes [2] [3]. This latent energy converts into totally different types of chemical, electromagnetic and thermal energies of active compounds that are responsible for the major endogenic terrestrial processes. The dominating theories in seismology and volcanology are that an earthquake results from a sudden slip of a tectonic fault and that only magma and the gases contained in magma supply the volcanic energy resulting in the conclusions that earthquakes and eruptions are unpredictable. Volcanic eruption is considered herein to be a special case of the earthquake-process in which earthquake hypocenters rise to the Earth’s surface. A possible solution is proposed ([1] and herein) based on the analyses of the physicochemical processes as participants in earthquake and eruption preparations (foreshocks - major shock - aftershocks - volcanic eruptions) and on the characteristic rates of reflection of these processes on the Earth’s surface. Influences of Sun-Moon-tides and volcanic (“harmonic”) tremors are analyzed from physical-chemical point of view. The case of the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens and the proposed monitoring of the recommended additional data provides a way of selecting a complex of reliable earthquake and volcanic eruption precursors.

关键词： Earthquakes Volcanic Eruptions Energy Sources Physical Chemistry Precursors Electromagnetic Field Monitoring

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Study of the Possibility of Predicting Earthquakes

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International Journal of Geosciences 2018年第12期9卷 688-706页

作者： Strachimir Cht Mavrodiev Lazo Pekevski Emil Botev Ali Pinar Giorgi Kikuashvili Alexader Vol arie gilat INRNE-BAS Sofia Bulgaria Skopje Seismological Observatory Skopje Macedonia NIGGG BAS Sofia Bulgaria Department of Earthquake Engineering Bogazi&ccedil i University Istanbul Turkey Tbilisi Giorgia OSHADI Drug Administration Ltd. Rehovot Israel Geological Survey of Israel Jerusalem (ret.) Israel

It is already well known that the “when, where and how strong” earthquake prediction problem cannot be solved by only analyzing the database from former earthquakes. A possible solution to this problem is proposed herein based on the analysis of the physicochemical processes as participants in earthquake preparation and on the characteristic rate of reflection of these processes on the Earth’s surface. The proposed procedure includes monitoring of correlation of electromagnetic fields variations with tidal waves.?This solution provides a way of selecting a complex of reliable earthquake precursors using the Inverse Problem Method for earthquakes which will occur in the region around the monitoring point (radial distance ≈ 700 km) in the next seven-day period [1].

关键词： Earthquakes Prediction Earth Degassing Physical Chemistry Explosions Electromagnetic Field Monitoring

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Abandoned corrals: colonization and vegetation recovery of ephemeral habitats in silvo-pastoral systems

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第6期13卷 722-731页

作者： arie Vinograd Eli Zaady Jaime Kigel Institute of Plant Science and Genetics in Agriculture Robert H.Smith Faculty of AgricultureFood and EnvironmentHebrew University of JerusalemRehovot 76100Israel Department of Natural Resources Gilat Research CenterAROMobile Post Negev 85280Israel

Aims Management of silvo-pastoral systems in planted and natural forests in semi-arid Mediterranean regions often employs seasonal night corrals for animal *** management system changes the spatial distribution of animal excreta,resulting in a net transfer of soil mineral resources and their accumulation in the *** abandonment,corrals are colonized by ruderal species,becoming focal sources for their spread in the *** aimed to implement a rational management of seasonal sheep corrals based on a better understanding of the vegetation processes occurring in abandoned corrals,in order to alleviate their negative impact in the *** Relationships between temporal changes in the vegetation,the soil seed-bank and levels of soil nutrients were studied in a chronosequence of abandoned sheep corrals and compared with nearby reference plots in planted Eucalyptus forests grazed by sheep in the semi-arid North-Western Negev,*** region has a bi-seasonal Mediterranean climate,with high dominance of annual species in the grazing *** Findings Abandoned sheep corrals were colonized by seeds of ruderals originating in older abandoned *** successional changes occur at a slow rate,driven by the depletion of soil resources in the abandoned corrals,and were still in progress 20 years after *** were gradually replaced,first by taller grasses and followed by short grasses,but most forbs and particularly geophytes did not recover during this *** of the original herbaceous vegetation in the corrals was through seed dispersal from the surrounding vegetation,not from the original soil seed-bank remaining in the corrals after *** species in the grazed,planted forests behave as patch-tracking *** persistency depends on constant creation of new corrals compensating for the gradually dwindling populations in older abandoned corrals,and on the availability of dispersa

关键词： metapopulation ruderals seasonal grazing seed-bank sheep succession

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