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Design, Development and Phytochemical Evaluation of a Poly Herbal Formulation Linkus Syrup

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Chinese Medicine 2014年第2期5卷 104-112页

作者： Zeeshan Ahmed Sheikh aqib zahoor Saleha Suleman Khan Khan Usmanghani Department of Research and Development Herbion Pakistan (Pvt.) Limited 30/28 Korangi Industrial Area Karachi Pakistan Department of Research and Development Herbion Pakistan (Pvt.) Limited 30/28 Korangi Industrial Area Karachi Pakistan Faculty of Pharmacy Jinnah University for Women Karachi Pakistan

The present work has been carried out on polyherbal formulation named as Linkus Syrup. The herbal formulation consists of Glycyrrhiza glabra, Hyssopus officinalis, Piper longum and Alpinia galangal. The Linkus syrup physico-chemical evaluation such as pH, density, identification of polysaccharide, tanning agents, ascorbic acid and shelf life was complied. The TLC and quantitative determination of alkaloid were quantified. Determination of biomarker has been validated for the analysis of vasicine. The study result revealed that Linkus syrup formulation was well standardized at different levels such as physic-chemical consistency and assay of bio marker compound.

关键词： Syrup Crude Herb Anti-Tussive Anti-Bronchitis Anti-Pharyngitis Sore Throat Tracheitis HPLC

Quantitative Estimation of Gallic Acid as Biomarker in Lipitame Tablets by HPTLC Densitometry for Diabetic Dyslipidemia

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Chinese Medicine 2014年第4期5卷 170-178页

作者： Sheeraz Siddiqui Khan Usmanghani aqib zahoor Zeeshan Ahmed Sheikh Saleha Suleman Khan Faculty of Eastern Medicine Hamdard University Karachi Pakistan Research and Development Department Herbion Pakistan (Pvt.) Limited Karachi Pakistan

Lipitame is a poly herbal formulation comprised of Terminalia arjuna, Terminalia belerica, Commiphora mukul and Phyllanthus emblica. The formulation is investigated for its analysis evaluation. Biomarkers of three herbs such as Terminalia arjuna, Terminalia belerica, and Phyllanthus emblica have been already cited to contain gallic acid, which was qualitatively and quantitatively estimated. In the present study rapid and inexpensive qualification methods for the quality control of Terminalia arjuna, Terminalia belerica, Commiphora mukul and Phyllanthus emblica on thin layer chromatography (TLC) were developed and validated. The solvent system used was toluene:ethyl acetate:formic acid:methanol (12:9:4:0.5). The scanning of plate was performed linearly at 273 nm (absorption) by use of a TLC Scanner III CAMAG with a deuterium source, and the area of spots corresponding to Gallic acid standard was integrated. It was found that gallic acid has been found in the Lipitame tablets on HPTLC densitometry assessment compared with authentic gallic acid reference standard.

关键词： Lipitame Tablets Quantitative Estimation Densitometry Diabetic Dyslipidemia

Tailoring microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminum matrix composites reinforced with novel Al/CuFe multi-layered core-shell particles

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2022年第6期32卷 1822-1833页

作者： Rashid ALI Fahad ALI aqib zahoor Rub Nawaz SHAHID Naeem ul Haq TARIQ Zafar IQBAL Adnan Qayyum BUTT Saad ULLAH Hasan Bin AWAIS Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences(PIEAS)IslamabadPakistan Materials Division Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology(PINSTECH)IslamabadPakistan

Aluminum matrix composites(AMCs), reinforced with novel pre-synthesized Al/Cu Fe multi-layered coreshell particles, were fabricated by different consolidation techniques to investigate their effect on microstructure and mechanical properties. To synthesize multi-layered Al/Cu Fe core-shell particles, Cu and Fe layers were deposited on Al powder particles by galvanic replacement and electroless plating method, respectively. The core-shell powder and sintered compacts were characterized by using X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDX), pycnometer, microhardness and compression tests. The results revealed that a higher extent of interfacial reactions, due to the transformation of the deposited layer into intermetallic phases in spark plasma sintered composite, resulted in high relative density(99.26%), microhardness(165 HV0.3) and strength(572 MPa). Further, the presence of un-transformed Cu in the shell structure of hot-pressed composite resulted in the highest fracture strain(20.4%). The obtained results provide stronger implications for tailoring the microstructure of AMCs through selecting appropriate sintering paths to control mechanical properties.

关键词： core-shell reinforcement aluminum matrix composites electroless plating sintering techniques spark plasma sintering interfacial reaction

Evaluation of Acute and Repeated Dose Toxicity of the Polyherbal Formulation Linkus Syrup in Experimental Animals

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Chinese Medicine 2014年第4期5卷 179-189页

作者： Allah Nawaz Saira Bano Zeeshan Ahmed Sheikh Khan Usmanghani Iqbal Ahmad Syed Faisal Zaidi aqib zahoor Irshad Ahmad Research and Development Department Herbion Pakistan (Pvt.) Limited Karachi Pakistan First Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine Graduate School of Medical & Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Toyama Toyama Japan Jinnah University for Women Karachi Pakisntan Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Baqai Medical University Karachi Pakistan Department of Basic Medical Sciences College of Medicine King Saud bin Abdulaziz University of Health Sciences Jeddah KSA Department of Pharmacy The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Pakistan Clinical Pharmacy and Health Care Jinnah University for Women Karachi Pakistan

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the pre-clinical efficacy and toxicity of polyherbal cough syrup Linkus. Method: Animals (healthy Wistar albino rats;(150 - 250 g) of either sex) were housed under standard environmental conditions;i.e. 25°C ± 1°C and 12 h dark/light cycle. Food and water were available at libitum. The rats were treated orally with the recommended doses of the test drug (Linkus). After 15 minutes, they were individually placed in a closed Plexiglas chamber (20 × 10 × 10 cm) and exposed to citric acid (0.1 g/ml) inhalation for 7 minutes. The cough reflexes were produced and counted for the last 5 minutes and compared with those of the control animals. The following studies were conducted to evaluate the toxicity of the test drug in healthy Wistar albino rats: lethal dose50 (LD50);rats of either sex (n = 10/sex) were treated orally with doses (1 or 5 g/kg) of the test drug. Mortality and behavioral changes were observed for 1 week. Repeated dose toxicity on the healthy Wistar albino rats of both sexes (n = 5/dose/sex) was treated orally with doses of 20 mg/kg (adult human dose = ~1400 mg), 500 mg/kg (adult human dose = ~35,000 mg) and 1000 mg/kg (adult human dose = ~70,000 mg) of test drug (Linkus) for 14 days. Additionally, the control animals were treated orally with water for 14 days. Results: In female rats, the test drug (Linkus) at the dose of 300 mg/kg caused significant (p < 0.01) reduction in the cough reflexes as compared to the control. However, in male rats, a significant reduction was observed at the tested dose of 200 mg/kg (p < 0.05) and 300 mg/kg (p < 0.01). The test product did not cause mortality in rats at the given doses of 1 or 5 g/kg. Other signs of toxicity like hair loss and weight reduction were not observed. In female and male rats, the test drug (Linkus) at different doses did not show any abnormal effects on complete blood count profile of rats. Serum enzyme markers, i.e. alanine aminotransferase (ALT), ala

关键词： Cough Expectorant Alanine Amino Transferase (ALT) Polyherbal Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) Toxicity

Unsupervised neural networks for solving Troesch＇s problem

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Chinese Physics B 2014年第1期23卷 546-556页

作者： Muhammad Asif zahoor Raja Department of Electrical Engineering COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Attock Campus Attock Pakistan

In this study, stochastic computational intelligence techniques are presented for the solution of Troesch's boundary value problem. The proposed stochastic solvers use the competency of a feed-forward artificial neural network for mathematical modeling of the problem in an unsupervised manner, whereas the learning of unknown parameters is made with local and global optimization methods as well as their combinations. Genetic algorithm (GA) and pattern search (PS) techniques are used as the global search methods and the interior point method (IPM) is used for an efficient local search. The combination of techniques like GA hybridized with IPM (GA-IPM) and PS hybridized with IPM (PS-IPM) are also applied to solve different forms of the equation. A comparison of the proposed results obtained from GA, PS, IPM, PS-IPM and GA-IPM has been made with the standard solutions including well known analytic techniques of the Adomian decomposition method, the variational iterational method and the homotopy perturbation method. The reliability and effectiveness of the proposed schemes, in term of accuracy and convergence, are evaluated from the results of statistical analysis based on sufficiently large independent runs.

关键词： Troesch’s problem artificial neural network genetic algorithm hybrid methods

Isolation of Cr(Ⅵ) reducing bacteria from industrial effuents and their potential use in bioremediation of chromium containing wastewater

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第6期21卷 814-820页

作者： Ahmed zahoor Abdul Rehman Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics University of the PunjabNew Campus

The present study was aimed to assess the ability of Bacillus ***-2-1 and Staphylococcus capitis to reduce hexavalent chromium into its trivalent *** ***-2-1 could tolerate Cr（Ⅵ）（4800 μg/mL） and *** could tolerate Cr（Ⅵ）（2800 μg/mL）.Both organisms were able to resist Cd^2＋（50 μg/mL）,Cu^2＋（200 μg/mL）,Pb^2＋（800 μg/mL）,Hg^2＋（50 μg/mL） and Ni2＋（4000 μg/mL）.*** resisted Zn^2＋ at 700 μg/mL while Bacillus ***-2-1 only showed resistance up to 50 μg/*** ***-2-1 and *** showed optimum growth at pH 6 and 7,respectively,while both bacteria showed optimum growth at 37°*** ***-2-1 and *** could reduce 85% and 81% of hexavalent chromium from the medium after 96 h and were also capable of reducing hexavalent chromium 86% and 89%,respectively,from the industrial effuents after 144 *** free extracts of Bacillus ***-2-1 and *** showed reduction of 83% and 70% at concentration of 10 μg Cr（Ⅵ）/mL,*** presence of an induced protein having molecular weight around 25 kDa in the presence of chromium points out a possible role of this protein in chromium *** bacterial isolates can be exploited for the bioremediation of hexavalent chromium containing wastes,since they seem to have a potential to reduce the toxic hexavalent form to its nontoxic trivalent form.

关键词： Cr(Ⅵ) reducing bacteria bioremediation Bacillus sp. JDM-2-1 Staphylococcus capitis

A review on phorate persistence, toxicity and remediation by bacterial communities

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Pedosphere 2022年第1期32卷 171-183页

作者： Mohd ADAR zahoor ABABA Garima KAUSHIK Department of Environmental Science School of Earth sciencesCentral University of RajasthanBandarSindriAjmer 305801India Biofertilizer Research Laboratory Division of Basic Science and HumanitiesWaduraSher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and TechnologySopore 193201India

Pesticides are an integral part in maintaining agriculture and horticultural productivity and play a vital role in meeting the increasing food, fiber, and fuel needs of the growing population. Globally, organophosphate pesticides(OPPs) are among the most common pesticides used due to their high proficiency and relatively low persistence in the environment. However, recent studies have reported problems due to pesticide use, e.g., phorate contamination of aquatic ecosystems(fresh and groundwater), sediments, fruits and vegetables, and forage crops. This review highlights many cases where phorate has been detected above its respective maximum residue limit values. Organophosphate pesticides, including phorate, have negative impacts on both the environment and human health. The ecological and public health concerns of recurrent pesticide utilization have encouraged the research related to environmental fate of *** is an effective, eco-friendly, and financially viable approach for the decontamination and degradation of toxic OPPs from the environment,compared to the costly, unecological, and time-consuming physicochemical approaches, which lead to the generation of byproducts of higher *** have recognized that a wide range of microbes, mainly bacteria, can degrade this extremely hazardous pesticide. Therefore, this review discusses the present pesticide scenarios, especially phorate contamination, its toxicity, biodegradation, and metabolic products via bacterial communities, both in India and globally. The latest and up-to-date literatures on the use, contamination, and bacterial application of phorate degradation are also summarized. This article offers national and international food safety organizations and public health authorities the ability to be involved in preventing the risks associated with the use of food and nutrition products contaminated with extremely toxic phorate pesticide. This article would also enable research

关键词： biodegradation bioremediation contamination organophosphate pesticide residue

The influence of gut microbiota alteration on age-related neuroinflammation and cognitive decline

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第11期17卷 2407-2412页

作者： Amsha S.Alsegiani zahoor A.Shah Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of ToledoToledoOHUSA

Recent emerging research on intestinal microbiota and its contribution to the central nervous system during health and disease has attra cted significant ***-related intestinal microbiota changes initiate brain aging and age-related neurodegenerative *** is one of the critical predisposing risk factors for the development of neurodegenerative *** a healthy gut microbiota is essential for a healthy body and aging,but dys biosis could initiate many chro nic *** the underlying mechanisms of gut microbiota alterations/dys biosis will help identify biomarkers for aging-related chro nic *** review summarizes recent advances in micro biota-neurodegenerative disease research and will enhance our unde rstanding of gut microbiota dys biosis and its effects on brain aging.

关键词： brain aging cognitive decline dysbiosis fecal microbiota transplantation gut-microbiota neuroinflammation prebiotics probiotics

The role of cofilin in age-related neuroinflammation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第8期15卷 1451-1459页

作者： Amsha S.Alsegiani zahoor A.Shah Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Toledo

Aging brain becomes susceptible to neurodegenerative diseases due to the shifting of microglia and astrocyte phenotypes to an active“pro-inflammatory”state,causing chronic low-grade *** the fact that the role of neuroinflammation during aging has been extensively studied in recent years,the underlying causes remain *** identification of relevant proteins and understanding their potential roles in neuroinflammation can help explain their potential of becoming biomarkers in the aging brain and as drug targets for prevention and *** will eventually reduce the chances of developing neurodegenerative diseases and promote healthier lives in the *** this review,we have summarized the morphological and cellular changes in the aging brain,the effects of age-related neuroinflammation,and the potential role of cofilin-1 during *** also discuss other factors contributing to brain aging and neuroinflammation.

关键词： aging astrocyte-activation cofilin cofilin inhibitor cofilin/actin rods inflammaging microglial activation neurogenesis neuroinflammation