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Energy Engineering 2022年第4期119卷 1403-1418页

作者： Indra Mamad Gandidi apri wiyono Nugroho Agung Pambudi Rahmat Romadhon Alfan Sarifudin Department of Mechanical Engineering Education Universitas Pendidikan IndonesiaBandung40154Indonesia Department of Mechanical Engineering Education Universitas Sebelas MaretSurakarta57126Indonesia Department of Mechanical Engineering Institute Teknologi BandungBandung40116Indonesia

The rapid spread of COVID-19 pandemic has forced several countries in the world to store vaccines in cold storage towards ensuring their protection from being damaged and to maintain their ***,most remote clinics,especially those in the equator and islands,are faced with the challenges of hot climates and the inability to afford electricity resources needed to power the cold storage ***,the hot equatorial region has abundant solar energy to power the vaccine cold storage but previous studies showed that several field workers do not have the ability to maintain the vaccine storage temperature as indicated by the manufacturer’s ***,this literature review study examines the prospects and challenges of implementing solar-powered cold storage to provide cooling space for remote *** is expected to contribute significantly to cold chain vaccine management *** findings showed that four technology integration schemes including Cold Storage Ice Maker,Cold Storage Ice Maker-PCM,Refrigerator-Ice Maker and,Absorbing Cooling-PV-Ice Maker have the potential to be applied in clinics situated in certain tropical regions.

关键词： COVID-19 vaccine cold storage solar power remote clinic

Overview of the Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of Tannin-Glyoxal Adhesive for Wood-Based Composites

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2024年第7期12卷 1165-1186页

作者： Awanda Wira Anggini Rita Kartika Sari Efri Mardawati Tati Karliati apri Heri Iswanto Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts National Research and Innovation AgencyCibinong16911Indonesia Department of Forest Products Faculty of Forestry and EnvironmentIPB UniversityBogor16680Indonesia Department of Agro-Industrial Technology Universitas PadjadjaranBandung45363Indonesia Research Collaboration Center for Biomass and Biorefinery BRIN and Universitas PadjadjaranBandung45363Indonesia School of Life Sciences and Technology Institut Teknologi BandungBandung40132Indonesia Department of Forest Products Technology Faculty of ForestryUniversitas Sumatera UtaraMedan20355Indonesia

More than a century after its initial synthesis,urea-formaldehyde(UF)resins still have dominant applications as adhesives,paints,and ***,formaldehyde in this industry produces formaldehyde emissions that are dangerous to *** have spent the last decade replacing formaldehyde and phenol with environmentally friendly substances such as glyoxal and tannin to create bio-based *** review covers recent advances in synthesizing glyoxal tannin-based resins,especially those made from sustainable raw material substitutes and changes made to synthetic processes to improve mechanical *** efficacy of using tannin-glyoxal adhesives in producing wood-based composites has been *** glyoxylate reaction forms cross-linked bridges between the aromatic sites of the tannin and glyoxal molecular *** tannin adhesive with a greater percentage of glyoxal than tannin will produce an adhesive with better *** gel time reduces as the hardener concentration rises from 7.5%to 15%when glyoxal is used in ***,excessive amounts of glyoxal will result in a decrease in viscosity *** exhibits faster delivery degradation when it reaches a maximum temperature of approximately 130°C,although it initiates the curing process slightly slower at 110°*** glyoxal to tannin-based adhesives can improve the mechanical properties of composite *** wet shear strength of the resulting plywood is increased by 105.4%with the addition of 5-weight percent tannin-based resin with glyoxal as a cross-linker in Soy Protein *** glyoxal as a hardener,the panels produced showed good internal bond strengths(>0.35 MPa)and met the international standard specifications for interior-grade panels.

关键词： Bio-based adhesives glyoxal tannin wood adhesives wood-based composites

Thermo-Mechanical, Physico-Chemical, Morphological, and Fire Characteristics of Eco-Friendly Particleboard Manufactured with Phosphorylated Lignin Addition

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2024年第7期12卷 1311-1341页

作者： apri Heri Iswanto Harisyah Manurung Asma Sohail Lee Seng Hua Petar Antov Deded Sarip Nawawi Sarah Latifah Dewi Shafa Kayla Sukma Surya Kusumah Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis Linda MakovickáOsvaldová MohdHazwan Hussin Rangabhashiyam Selvasembian Lum Wei Chen Puji Rahmawati Nurcahyani Nam Hun Kim Widya Fatriasari Department of Forest Products Faculty of ForestryUniversitas Sumatera UtaraKampus USU Padang BulanMedanNorth Sumatra20155Indonesia Department of Chemistry Lahore College for Women UniversityLahore4444Pakistan Department of Wood Industry Faculty of Applied SciencesUniversiti Teknologi MARA(UiTM)Cawangan Pahang Kampus JengkaShah Alam26400Malaysia Faculty of Forest Industry University of ForestrySofia1797Bulgaria Department of Forest Product Faculty of Forestry and EnvironmentIPB UniversityBogor16680Indonesia Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts National Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)Cibinong16911Indonesia Department of Forest Engineering Faculty of Security EngineeringUniversity of ZilinaZilina01001Slovakia Materials Technology Research Group(MaTReC) School of Chemical SciencesUniversiti SainsMalaysiaMindenPenang11800Malaysia Department of Environmental Science and Engineering School of Engineering and SciencesSRM University-APAmaravatiAndhra Pradesh522240India Department of Bio and Natural Resources Faculty of Bioengineering and TechnologyUniversitiMalaysia KelantanJeliKelantan17600Malaysia Department of Forest Biomaterials Engineering College of Forest and Environmental SciencesKangwon National UniversityChuncheon24341Republic of Korea

Lignin,lignosulfonate,and synthesized phosphorylated lignosulfonate were introduced as greenﬁllers in citric acid-sucrose adhesives for bonding particleboard fabricated from areca leaf sheath(ALS).The characteristics of particleboards were compared to that of ultralow emitting formaldehyde(ULEF-UF).Theﬁllers derived from Eucalyptus ***-lignin were added forﬂame retardancy enhancement.10%of each lignin and modiﬁed lig-nin was added into the ULEF-UF and citric acid-sucrose bonded *** applied to particle-boards included thermal characteristics,X-ray diffraction analysis(XRD),morphological properties,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),as well as physical,mechanical,andﬁre resistance characteristics of the laboratory-fabricated *** and modiﬁed lignin resulted in improved thermal stability of the composites bonded with ULEF-UF while the improvement in the particleboard bonded with citric acid-sucrose was not signiﬁ*** introduction ofﬁller exerted a higher inﬂuence on the UF-bonded particleboards compared to composites fabricated with citric ***,the presence of lignin,lignosulfonate,and phosphorylated lignosulfonate enhanced the mechanical strength of the ULEF-bonded particleboards,although their dimensional stability has ***,the use of lignin and lignosulfonate enhanced theﬁre resis-tance of the particleboards produced with lower observed weight *** laboratory particleboards exhibited satisfactoryﬁre resistance,attaining a V-0 rating in according to the UL-94 standard.

关键词： Modiﬁed lignin eco-friendly particleboard ﬁre and thermal properties citric acid-sucrose ultralow-emitting urea-formaldehyde resin

Characterization of Formacell Lignin Derived from Black Liquor as a Potential Green Additive for Advanced Biocomposites

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2023年第6期11卷 2865-2879页

作者： Sri Hidayati Eugenia Fonny Budiyanto Hadi Saputra Sutopo Hadi apri Heri Iswanto Nissa Nurfajrin Solihat Petar Antov Lee Seng Hua Widya Fatriasari MohdSapuan Salit Agricultural Product Technology Department Faculty of AgricultureThe University of LampungJl.Sumantri Brojonegoro No.1Bandar LampungIndonesia Department of Forest Product Faculty of ForestryUniversitas Sumatera UtaraKampus USU Padang BulanNorth SumatraIndonesia JATI-Sumatran Forestry Analysis Study Center Jl.Tridharma Ujung No.1Kampus USUMedanNorth SumatraIndonesia Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts National Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)Jl.Raya BogorCibinongIndonesia Faculty of Forest Industry University of ForestrySofiaBulgaria Department of Wood Industry Faculty of Applied SciencesUniversiti Teknologi MARA(UiTM)Cawangan Pahang Kampus JengkaLintasan SemarakBandar JengkaMalaysia Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products Universiti Putra MalaysiaSelangorMalaysia Research Collaboration Center for Marine Biomaterials Jl.Ir.SukarnoJatinangorSumedangWest JavaIndonesia Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing EngineeringUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSelangorMalaysia

Black liquor is obtained as a by-product of the pulping process,which is used to convert biomass into pulp by removing lignin,hemicelluloses and other extractives from wood to free cellulose *** represents a major constituent in black liquor,with quantities varying from 20%to 30%,of which a very low share is used for manufacturing value-added products,while the rest is mainly burned for energy purposes,thus underestimating its great potential as a raw ***,it is essential to establish new isolation and extraction methods to increase lignin valorization in the development of bio-based *** aim of this research work was to determine the effect of KOH or ethanol concentration as an isolation agent on lignin yields and the chemical characteristics of lignin isolated from formacell black liquor of oil palm empty fruit bunch(OPEFB).Isolation of lignin was carried out using KOH with various concentrations ranging from 5%to 15%(w/v).Ethanol was also used to precipitate lignin from black liquor at concentrations varying from 5%to 30%(v/v).The results obtained showed that the addition of KOH solution at 12.5%and 15%concentrations resulted in better lignin yield and chemical properties of lignin,i.e.,pH values of 3.86 and 4.27,lignin yield of 12.78%and 14.95%,methoxyl content of 11.33%and 10.13%,and lignin equivalent weights of 476.25 and 427.03,*** to its phenolic structure and rich functional groups that are favorable for modifications,lignin has the potential to be used as a green additive in the development of advanced biocomposite products in various applications to replace current fossil fuel-based material,ranging from fillers,fire retardants,formaldehyde scavengers,carbon fibers,aerogels,and wood adhesives.

关键词： Formacell black liquor lignin properties KOH ethanol oil palm empty fruit bunch advanced biocomposite

Development and Characterization of Eco-Friendly Non-Isocyanate Urethane Monomer from Jatropha curcas Oil for Wood Composite Applications

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2023年第1期11卷 41-59页

作者： Samsul Bhakri Muhammad Ghozali Edy Cahyono Evi Triwulandari Witta Kartika Restu Nissa Nurfajrin Solihat apri Heri Iswanto Petar Antov Viktor Savov Lee Seng Hua ErikaAyu Agustiany Lubos Kristak Widya Fatriasari Department of Chemistry Universitas Negeri SemarangSemarang50229Indonesia Research Center for Chemistry National Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)Serpong15314Indonesia Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts National Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)Cibinong16911Indonesia Department of Forest Product Faculty of ForestryUniversitas Sumatera UtaraMedan20155Indonesia JATI-Sumatran Forestry Analysis Study Center Medan20155Indonesia Faculty of Forest Industry University of ForestrySofia1797Bulgaria Laboratory of Biopolymer and Derivatives Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest ProductUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSelangor43400Malaysia Department of Forest Products Faculty of Forestry and EnvironmentIPB UniversityBogor16680Indonesia Faculty of Wood Sciences and Technology Technical University in ZvolenZvolen96001Slovakia

The aim of this research work was to evaluate the potential of using renewable natural feedstock,i.e.,Jatropha curcas oil(JCO)for the synthesis of non-isocyanate polyurethane(NIPU)resin for wood composite *** polyurethane(PU)is synthesized through a polycondensation reaction between isocyanate and ***,utilizing toxic and unsustainable isocyanates for obtaining PU could contribute to negative impacts on the environment and human ***,the development of PU from eco-friendly and sustainable resources without the isocyanate route is *** this work,tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide was used as the activator to open the epoxy ring with 3-Aminopropyltriethoxisylane as a catalyst to yield urethane of JCO(UJCO).The UJCO were characterized by Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy(FTIR)and their oxirane,and hydroxyl values were *** result showed that a decrease in oxirane value was found while the hydroxyl value was increased during the time,confirming that the urethane group was *** presence of functional groups in FTIR spectra at wave numbers 1732.08,1562.34,and 3348.42 cm^(−1) indicates the functional groups of C=O(urethane carbonyl),–NH,and–OH,respectively confirmed this *** potential applications of NIPU in the wood composite were also outlined.

关键词： Jatropha curcas oil urethane groups non-isocyanate polyurethane epoxidized JCO cyclic carbonate oxirane value wood composites

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愚蠢的辞职

跨世纪(时文博览) 2007年第8期 10-11页

作者： apri

今时今日,谁还没辞过职?打一封辞职信或者干脆只一声招呼,OK,我辞职了。不过,这可不是江湖儿女的快意恩仇——好,与上一份工作已经没有了关系,可远大前程真的来了?

关键词：薪水职场主管江湖

The Effects of Cropping Methods on Growth, Crop Index and Yield Response to Water of Rice （Oryza sativa L.） in Rainfed Agriculture

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2015年第6期5卷 376-382页

作者： Bayu Dwi apri Nugroho Rizki Mafmkhah Department of Agricultural Engineering and Biosystem Faculty of Agricultural Technology Gadjah Mada University Yogyakarta55281 Indonesia