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A method to deliver patterned electrical impulses to Schwann cells cultured on an artificial axon

Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第6期14卷 1052-1059页

作者： antonio merolli Yong Mao Gregory Voronin Joseph A.M.Steele N.Sanjeeva Murthy Joachim Kohn New Jersey Center for Biomaterials Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey In Vivo Research Services Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey

Information from the brain travels back and forth along peripheral nerves in the form of electrical impulses generated by neurons and these impulses have repetitive patterns. Schwann cells in peripheral nerves receive molecular signals from axons to coordinate the process of myelination. There is evidence, however,that non-molecular signals play an important role in myelination in the form of patterned electrical impulses generated by neuronal activity. The role of patterned electrical impulses has been investigated in the literature using co-cultures of neurons and myelinating cells. The co-culturing method, however, prevents the uncoupling of the direct effect of patterned electrical impulses on myelinating cells from the indirect effect mediated by neurons. To uncouple these effects and focus on the direct response of Schwann cells,we developed an in vitro model where an electroconductive carbon fiber acts as an artificial axon. The fiber provides only the biophysical characteristics of an axon but does not contribute any molecular signaling.In our "suspended wire model", the carbon fiber is suspended in a liquid media supported by a 3D printed scaffold. Patterned electrical impulses are generated by an Arduino 101 microcontroller. In this study, we describe the technology needed to set-up and eventually replicate this model. We also report on our initial in vitro tests where we were able to document the adherence and ensheath of human Schwann cells to the carbon fiber in the presence of patterned electrical impulses(hSCs were purchased from ScienCell Research Laboratories, Carlsbad, CA, USA; ScienCell fulfills the ethic requirements, including donor's consent). This technology will likely make feasible to investigate the response of Schwann cells to patterned electrical impulses in the future.

关键词： Schwann cell carbon fiber myelination electrical impulse artificial axon in vitro system Arduino microcontroller myelin basic protein

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Directing neural stem cell fate with biomaterial parameters for injured brain regeneration

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2013年第2期23卷 103-112页

作者： Shenglian Yao Xi Liu Xiumei Wang antonio merolli Xiongbiao Chen Fuzhai Cui Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biomimetic Materials Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Tsinghua University National Engineering Laboratory for Regenerative Implantable Medical Devices Orthopaedics & Hand Surgery Unit The Catholic University School of Medicine Division of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering University of Saskatchewan

The discovery of neural stem cells (NSCs), which have the ability to self-renew and differentiate into all types of neural lineages, offers promising prospect for the treatment of brain neurological disorders such as stroke/cerebral ischemia, traumatic brain injury and neurodegenerative disorders. However, only limited number of NSCs could survive or propagate due to tissue inflammation or blood-brain barrier. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an appropriate culture system that highly mimics the natural NSCs niche to direct stem cell fate and behavior for nerve regeneration. Both biophysical and biochemical properties of the NSC niche, including topology, mechanical properties, bioactive molecules, and their spatial and temporal presentations should be considered for the design of functionalized scaffolds, which could not only serve as the delivery vehicles of NSCs but also stimulate specific cellular responses at the molecular level, such as support endogenous or exogenous cells proliferation, migration and homing, even promote the growth of axon at the injured brain site. This review attempts to outline the varieties of biomaterial

关键词： NSCs niche Biomaterial design Brain tissue engineering Nerve regeneration

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应用背向散射和二次发射扫描电镜观察未脱钙未染色组织块关节软骨形态：一项描述性研究(英文)

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中国组织工程研究与临床康复 2010年第33期14卷 6081-6086页

作者： antonio merolli Andrea Manunta Gary Phillips Matteo Santin Francesco Catalano Orthopaedic and Hand Surgery the Catholic University Medical School Rome 1-00168 italy Orthopaedic Department University of Sassari Medical School Sassari 1-07100 Italy School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences University of Brighton. Brighton BN2 4 GJ. UK

背景:在与关节软骨有关的组织工程研究中,应用未脱钙和未染色的样本对于保留关节软骨的三维结构十分有利。当分析大量样本时,应用未脱钙的组织块将减少实验时间和复杂性。目的:检验在未脱钙、未染色的组织块上研究关节软骨形态的可能性... 详细信息

背景:在与关节软骨有关的组织工程研究中,应用未脱钙和未染色的样本对于保留关节软骨的三维结构十分有利。当分析大量样本时,应用未脱钙的组织块将减少实验时间和复杂性。目的:检验在未脱钙、未染色的组织块上研究关节软骨形态的可能性,这样可以避免切割并染色薄切片。方法:取新西兰白兔和Sardinian绵羊的股骨髁,在多聚甲醛溶液中固定,乙醇中脱水,包埋于多异丁烯酸甲酯中,切成组织块,并染色。将金钯溅镀于标本上,然后用Jeol JSM 6310电子显微镜进行观察。将背向散射和二次发射扫描电镜对组织块相同部位的观察结果进行合并分析。结果与结论:在兔的关节软骨组织块上,可明显区分未钙化与钙化软骨的传代,但较难辨认位于Ⅱ区和Ⅲ区的小软骨陷窝。在绵羊的软骨组织块中,则能较为容易地区分关节软骨各区和细胞结构。应用背向散射电镜能容易分辨出钙化软骨结构和潮标。合并二次发射扫描电镜和背向散射电镜,可在样本上观察到大的腔道。这些腔道穿过软骨下骨和钙化软骨,终止于未钙化的软骨。结果表明,应用背向散射和二次发射扫描电镜能在未脱钙和未染色的包埋组织块上观察到关节软骨的三维结构。

关键词：背向散射电镜二次发射扫描电子显微镜关节软骨电镜绵羊兔未脱钙未染色组织块

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