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邻苯二甲酸酯暴露的时间趋势:来自2001—2010年美国国家健康和营养调查的研究结果

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环境与职业医学 2014年第8期31卷 610-610页

作者： Ami R.Zota antonia m.calafat Tracey J.Woodruff

[背景]邻苯二甲酸酯是无处不在的环境污染物。由于对人类健康的潜在不利影响,邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯[BBzP;代谢物,邻苯二甲酸单苄基酯(mBzP)]、邻苯二甲酸二丁基酯[DnBP;代谢物,邻苯二甲酸单丁基酯(mnBP)]、以及邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)... 详细信息

[背景]邻苯二甲酸酯是无处不在的环境污染物。由于对人类健康的潜在不利影响,邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯[BBzP;代谢物,邻苯二甲酸单苄基酯(mBzP)]、邻苯二甲酸二丁基酯[DnBP;代谢物,邻苯二甲酸单丁基酯(mnBP)]、以及邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)正在被替代品所取代,包括其他邻苯二甲酸酯。然而,人群水平暴露的结果趋势却鲜为人知。[目的]研究普通美国人群中尿邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物浓度的时间趋势,以及该趋势是否随着社会人口学特征不同而发生变化。[方法]结合国家健康和营养调查(National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,2001—2010)五个周期中11 071名参加者的11种邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物的数据。采用多元回归模型计算百分比变化和最小二乘几何平均数(LSGms)。[结果]邻苯二甲酸单乙酯、mnBP、mBzP和∑DEHP代谢产物的LSGm浓度在2001—2002年度与2009—2010年度之间下降[百分比变化(95%CI)分别为:-42%(-49%^-34%);-17%(-23%^-9%);-32%(-39%^-23%)和-37%(-46%^-26%)]。与此相反,研究期间邻苯二甲酸单异丁基酯、邻苯二甲酸单(3-羧基丙基)酯(mCPP)、邻苯二甲酸单羧基辛基酯和邻苯二甲酸单羧基壬基酯(mCNP)的LSGm浓度增加[百分比变化(95%CI)分别为:206%(178%~236%);25%(8%~45%);149%(102%~207%)和15%(1%~30%)]。某些邻苯二甲酸盐在人群亚组中存在趋势变化。例如,在儿童中DEHP代谢物总和、mCPP和mCNP的LSGm浓度高于成年人,但是群体之间的差异随着时间的推移而变小(P交互作用<0.01)。[结论]美国人群的邻苯二甲酸酯暴露在过去十年中发生了变化。数据上的差距令人很难解释其趋势,但立法活动和非政府组织的宣传活动可能在不断变化的趋势中起到了一定的作用。

关键词：邻苯二甲酸酯美国人群时间趋势人类健康邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯营养调查社会人口学特征环境污染物

以人群为基础的生物监测:纽约市有机磷和拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂暴露

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环境与职业医学 2014年第4期31卷 329-329页

作者： Wendy mcKelvey J.Bryan Jacobson Daniel Kass Dana Boyd Barr mark Davis antonia m.calafat Kenneth m.Aldous

[背景]有机磷类和拟除虫菊酯类是两类美国最常见的杀虫剂。这些杀虫剂广泛用于控制纽约市建筑物里的虫害,所导致的杀虫剂暴露可能比比在欠城市化的环境中更高。[目的]估计纽约市杀虫剂暴露的参考值,并确定人口学特征和行为特征以预测暴... 详细信息

[背景]有机磷类和拟除虫菊酯类是两类美国最常见的杀虫剂。这些杀虫剂广泛用于控制纽约市建筑物里的虫害,所导致的杀虫剂暴露可能比比在欠城市化的环境中更高。[目的]估计纽约市杀虫剂暴露的参考值,并确定人口学特征和行为特征以预测暴露。[方法]2004年纽约市健康与营养调查是一项在人群基础上的横断面研究,研究对像为≥20岁的成年人。检测883名参加者的尿中有机磷代谢产物[二甲基磷酸酯(DmP)、二甲基硫代磷酸酯(DmTP)、二甲基二硫代磷酸酯、二乙基磷酸酯、二乙基硫代磷酸酯和二乙基二硫代磷酸酯]的浓度,以及1 452名参加者的尿中拟除虫菊酯类代谢产物[3-苯氧基苯甲酸(3-PBA)、反式-3-(2,2-二氯乙烯基)-2,2-二甲基环丙烷-1-羧酸(反式DCCA)、4-氟-3-苯氧基苯甲酸和顺式-3-(2,2-二溴乙烯基)-2,2-二甲基环丙烷-1-羧酸]的浓度。使用多元线性回归在不同的预测因子类别中估计总二烃基磷酸盐(ΣDAP)的最小二乘几何平均值和3-PBA浓度。[结果]二甲基有机磷代谢产物的第95百分位浓度最高(DmP和DmTP分别为87.4μg/L和74.7μg/L)。拟除虫菊酯类代谢物中测得的最高第95百分位浓度分别为3-PBA和反式-DCCA(分别为5.23μg/L和5.94μg/L)。ΣDAP浓度随着年龄增加而增加,在非西班牙裔白人或黑人中较西班牙裔/族裔高,在专业使用杀虫剂者中较高,也随水果的消费频率增加而增加;ΣDAP浓度随非绿色蔬菜消费增加而下降。在各预测因子类别中尿3-PBA浓度几何均数的绝对差值都太小而无意义。[结论]纽约市拟除虫菊酯类和有机磷二甲酯类暴露水平估值均高于美国的整体水平,因此在制定杀虫剂的使用法规时,一定要考虑城市中虫害与杀虫剂负荷。

关键词：拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂有机磷类纽约市生物监测人群硫代磷酸酯人口学特征行为特征

产前邻苯二甲酸盐暴露与6~10岁儿童的神经行为发展评分

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环境与职业医学 2014年第8期31卷 604-604页

作者： Roni W.Kobrosly Sarah Evans Amir miodovnik Emily S.Barrett Sally W.Thurston antonia m.calafat Shanna H.Swan

[背景]人们关注产前邻苯二甲酸酯暴露对神经行为的潜在影响,但是现有的数据并不一致。[目的]探讨产前尿中邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物的浓度与儿童神经行为得分之间的相关性。[方法]在一个多中心的队列研究——未来家庭研究(Study for Future Fa... 详细信息

[背景]人们关注产前邻苯二甲酸酯暴露对神经行为的潜在影响,但是现有的数据并不一致。[目的]探讨产前尿中邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物的浓度与儿童神经行为得分之间的相关性。[方法]在一个多中心的队列研究——未来家庭研究(Study for Future Families)中,测定153名妊娠妇女尿液样本中邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物的浓度。当儿童年龄在6~10岁时,由母亲完成儿童行为量表。用调整后的多元回归交互模型,评估邻苯二甲酸酯浓度与儿童行为(总体以及性别特异性)之间的相关性。[结果]男童中,单异丁基邻苯二甲酸浓度与如下项目的较高得分相关:注意力不集中(β=0.27;95%CI:0.04~0.50)、违规行为(β=0.20;95%CI:0.01~0.38)、攻击性(β=0.34,95%CI:0.09~0.59)和品行问题(β=0.39;95%CI:0.20~0.58),而二(2-乙基己基)邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物的摩尔总数与躯体问题的较高得分相关(β=0.15;95%CI:0.03~0.28)。较高的单苄基邻苯二甲酸浓度与男童中对抗行为(β=0.16;95%CI:0.01~0.32)和品行问题(β=0.21;95%CI:0.06~0.37)的较高得分相关,但与女童中较低的焦虑得分(β=-0.20;95%CI:-0.39^-0.01)相关。通常,在女童中上述相关性接近于零。模型系数表明,平方根转化后的结果得分的差异与对数变换的代谢产物每增加1个单位相关。[结论]上述研究结果提示,妊娠后期某些邻苯二甲酸盐暴露与男童的行为问题之间存在相关性。鉴于有关这一课题的研究很少,以及在研究中存在方法学和人群的差异,因此需要进行更多的研究。

关键词：神经行为儿童年龄邻苯二甲酸盐行为发展产前邻苯二甲酸酯评分儿童行为量表

The efficacy of vitamin E in preventing arthrofibrosis after joint replacement

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Animal models and Experimental medicine 2024年第2期7卷 145-155页

作者： Yingfang Fan Jean Yuh Sashank Lekkala mehmet D.Asik Andrew Thomson madeline mcCanne mark A.Randolph antonia F.Chen Ebru Oral Harris Orthopaedic Laboratory Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Surgery Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Brigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA

Background:Arthrofibrosis is a joint disorder characterized by excessive scar formation in the joint *** E is an antioxidant with potential anti-fibroblastic *** aim of this study was to establish an arthrofibrosis rat model after joint replacement and assess the effects of vitamin E supplementation on joint ***:We simulated knee replacement in 16 male Sprague–Dawley *** immobilized the surgical leg with a suture in full *** control groups were killed at 2 and 12 weeks(n=5 per group),and the test group was supplemented daily with vitamin E(0.2 mg/mL)in their drinking water for 12 weeks(n=6).We performed histological staining to investigate the presence and severity of *** staining andα2-macroglobulin(α2m)enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)were used to assess local and systemic *** weight bearing(total internal reflection)and range of motion(ROm)were collected for functional ***:The ROm and weight-bearing symmetry decreased after the procedure and recovered slowly with still significant deficit at the end of the study for both *** analysis confirmed fibrosis in both lateral and posterior periarticular *** E supplementation showed a moderate anti-inflammatory effect on the local and systemic *** vitamin E group exhibited significant improvement in ROm and weight-bearing symmetry at day 84 compared to the control ***:This model is viable for simulating arthrofibrosis after joint *** E may benefit postsurgical arthrofibrosis,and further studies are needed for dosing requirements.

关键词： arthrofibrosis range of motion total knee arthroplasty vitamin E

Comparison of Oral manifestations in Hospitalized COVID-19 Positive Patients and COVID-19 Negative Dental Outpatients. A Case Series Study and Literature Review

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2024年第3期13卷 225-250页

作者： Flora Zervou-Valvi Emmanouil m. Valvis Angeliki Giannopoulou Eleana Stoufi Charilaos Samaras Olga Spiropoulou antonia Hadjicosta Smaragda Diamanti Asklepieion Voulas’ General Hospital Athens Greece School of Dentistry European University of Cyprus Nicosia Cyprus

Background: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory infectious disease, also named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which can cause various systemic manifestations that pose a threat to human life. Oral lesions in patients with COVID-19 may appear during or after the illness and may or may not be a consequence of the viral infection. Objective: In this case series we compare the oral manifestations in hospitalized COVID-19 positive patients and COVID-19 negative dental outpatients. methods: 60 hospitalized COVID-19 patients and 41 control patients, were examined for oral signs and symptoms. The controls were dental patients who visited the hospital for dental care without complaining of any problems related to the oral cavity itself. Results: We have observed a strong association between certain clinical findings and COVID-19, including alterations in taste (ageusia, dysgeusia, and hypogeusia), anosmia, hairy tongue, tongue imprints, red tongue, erythematous candidiasis, pseudomembranous candidiasis, and exfoliative cheilitis. A trend but not statistically significant association at the level of 5% was also noted for colored tongue, linea alba, and pale mucosa. On the contrary, fissured tongue and oral mucosa pigmentation were more frequent in the controls, statistically significant at the level of 5%. Conclusion: COVID-19 has been found to impact the oral cavity, resulting in various oral lesions that can be attributed to either the direct action of the virus or the patient’s immune response.

关键词： Case Series COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Oral Lesions/manifestations Hospitalized Patients Control/Dental Patients

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产前和产后双酚A暴露和童年体质指数

环境与职业医学 2013年第7期30卷 554-554页

作者： Kim G.Harley Raul Aguilar Schall Jonathan Chevrier Kristin Tyler Helen Aguirre Asa Bradman Nina T.Holland Robert H.Lustig antonia m.calafat Brenda Eskenazi

[背景]双酚A(BPA)是一种广泛使用的内分泌干扰化学物,与啮齿类动物体重增加和脂肪沉积有关联。[目的]在CHAmACOS纵向队列的9岁儿童组(n=311)中,研究产前和产后尿BPA浓度与体质指数(BmI)、腰围、体脂肪率和肥胖间的关联。[方法]采集母亲... 详细信息

[背景]双酚A(BPA)是一种广泛使用的内分泌干扰化学物,与啮齿类动物体重增加和脂肪沉积有关联。[目的]在CHAmACOS纵向队列的9岁儿童组(n=311)中,研究产前和产后尿BPA浓度与体质指数(BmI)、腰围、体脂肪率和肥胖间的关联。[方法]采集母亲怀孕期间现场收集的两次尿样以及5岁和9岁儿童的尿样,测量BPA浓度。[结果]产前尿BPA浓度与9岁女孩BmI降低有关联,但在男孩中无此关联。在女孩中,位于产前BPA浓度最高的三分位数与BmI z分值降低(β=-0.47,95%CI:-0.87～-0.07)和体脂肪率降低(β=-4.36,95%CI:-8.37～-0.34)有关联;与位于最低三分位数组的女孩相比,超重/肥胖的风险下降[比值比(OR)=0.37,95%CI:0.16～0.91]。这些发现在青春期前期的女孩中最强。5岁时的尿BPA浓度与5岁或9岁时任何人体测量学参数没有相关性,在9岁时的BPA浓度与男孩和女孩9岁时的BmI、腰围、脂肪量、超重/肥胖呈正相关。[结论]本研究的发现与其他横断面研究相一致,9岁时尿BPA浓度较高与9岁时肥胖增加相关联。然而,母亲怀孕期间BPA浓度增加与他们的女儿9岁时BmI、体内脂肪和超重/肥胖降低有关联。

关键词：双酚A BmI CHAmACOS 儿童肥胖

妊娠期内分泌干扰物暴露与4、5岁儿童的社会交往、重复性和刻板性行为:HOmE研究

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环境与职业医学 2014年第8期31卷 595-595页

作者： Joseph m.Braun Amy E.Kalkbrenner Allan C.Just Kimberly Yolton antonia m.calafat Andreas Sj?din Russ Hauser Glenys m.Webster Aimin Chen Bruce P.Lanphear

[背景]内分泌干扰物(EDCs)可能是泛自闭症障碍症候群的病因,但是要在内分泌干扰物的混合物中确定相关的化学物颇为困难。[目的]确定与自闭症行为相关的妊娠期EDC暴露。[方法]测定俄亥俄州辛辛那提市进行的健康结局与环境措施(Health Out... 详细信息

[背景]内分泌干扰物(EDCs)可能是泛自闭症障碍症候群的病因,但是要在内分泌干扰物的混合物中确定相关的化学物颇为困难。[目的]确定与自闭症行为相关的妊娠期EDC暴露。[方法]测定俄亥俄州辛辛那提市进行的健康结局与环境措施(Health Outcomes and measures of the Environment,HOmE)研究中175名孕妇的血液或尿液样本中8种邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物、双酚A、25种多氯联苯(PCBs)、6种有机氯杀虫剂、8种溴化阻燃剂、以及4种全氟烷基物质的浓度。在其儿童4岁和5岁时,由母亲完成社会反应量表(SRS)——这是一个针对自闭症行为的测量量表。采用两阶段分层分析,探讨调整混杂因素后,52种内分泌干扰物与SRS得分之间的相关性,以解释相互关联的EDCs的重复测量以及混杂影响。[结果]大部分EDCs与可忽略不计的SRS得分绝对差(≤1.5)呈现相关性。多溴联苯醚-28(PBDE-28)(β=2.5;95%CI:-0.6~5.6)或反式九氯(β=4.1;95%CI:0.8~7.3)的血清浓度每增加一个2-SD,则与更多的自闭症行为相关。相对未检测到者而言,在那些检测到有PCB-178(β=-3.0;95%CI:-6.3~0.2)、β-六氯环己烷(β=-3.3;95%CI:-6.1^-0.5)和PBDE-85(β=-3.2;95%CI:-5.9^-0.5)的妇女所生的儿童中,自闭症行为较少。全氟辛酸(PFOA)浓度增加也与自闭症行为较少相关(β=-2.0;95%CI:-4.4~0.4)。[结论]在这个队列研究中,某些EDCs与自闭症行为,但研究样本量有限,从而无法排除那些无相关性的化学物。PFOA、β-六氯环己烷、PCB-178、PBDE-28、PBDE-85和反式九氯作为与儿童自闭症行为相关的因素,值得进行更仔细研究。

关键词：内分泌干扰物妊娠期社会交往行为重复性儿童邻苯二甲酸酯有机氯杀虫剂

A national longitudinal cohort study of factors contributing to UK medical students’mental ill-health symptoms

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General Psychiatry 2023年第2期36卷 92-105页

作者： Asta medisauskaite milou E W m Silkens antonia Rich medical School UCLLondonUK Department of Health Services Research and management City University of LondonLondonUK

Background The mental health of current medical students is predictive of their mental health as future *** prevalence of anxiety,depression and burnout is high among medical students,but less is known about the occurrence of other mental ill-health symptoms,such as eating or personality disorders,and factors contributing to mental ***(1)To explore the prevalence of various mental ill-health symptoms in medical students and(2)to investigate what medical school factors and students’attitudes contribute to these mental ill-health *** Between November 2020 and may 2021,medical students from nine geographically spread medical schools in the UK participated by completing online questionnaires at two points in time,approximately 3 months *** Of the 792 participants who filled in the questionnaire at baseline,over half experienced medium to high somatic symptoms(50.8%;402)and drank alcohol at hazardous levels(62.4%;494).Adjusted longitudinal data analysis of 407 students who completed the follow-up questionnaire demonstrated that less supportive educational climates that were more competitive and less centralised around the students,lower feelings of belongingness,greater stigma towards mental ill-health and lower intentions to seek help for mental ill-health,all contributed to students’mental ill-health *** medical students experience a high prevalence of various mental ill-health *** study suggests that medical school factors and students’attitudes towards mental ill-health are significantly associated with students’mental health.

关键词： filled doctor competitive

The role of sphingosine-1-phosphate in bone remodeling and osteoporosis

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Bone Research 2022年第2期10卷 265-273页

作者： Justus m.Grewe Paul-Richard Knapstein antonia Donat Shan Jiang Daniel JSmit Weixin Xie Johannes Keller Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf20246 HamburgGermany Clinic and Polyclinic for Vascular medicine University Heart Center Hamburg-Eppendorf20246 HamburgGermany Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf20246 HamburgGermany

Osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease that affects more than 200 million people worldwide and is caused by the disruption of the equilibrium between osteoclastic bone resorption and osteoblastic bone formation. Sphingosine-1-phosphate(S1 P) is a natural,bioactive sphingolipid that has been shown to play a major role in cardiovascular and immunological pathologies by regulating biological and cellular processes, including migration, differentiation, proliferation and survival. Recent studies also suggest a central role for S1 P in bone diseases, including osteoporosis;however, the effects of S1 P, particularly in bone metabolism, remain to be further elucidated. In this review, we summarize the available literature on the role of S1 P in bone metabolism with a focus on osteoporosis. On the cellular level, S1 P acts as an osteoclast-osteoblast coupling factor to promote osteoblast proliferation and bone formation. moreover, the recruitment of osteoclast precursors to resorption sites is regulated by the interplay of S1 P gradients and S1 P receptor expression. From a clinical perspective, increasing evidence suggests that systemically elevated S1 P blood levels may serve as an independent risk factor for osteoporosis-related fractures. Taken together, S1 P signaling is a potential therapeutic target and may serve as a novel biomarker in patients with systemic bone disease.

关键词： osteoporosis metabolism expression.