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Epidemiological and clinical aspects of hepatitis B virus infection in Italy over the last 50 years

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第26期28卷 3081-3091页

作者： Caterina Sagnelli antonello sica Massimiliano Creta Armando Calogero Massimo Ciccozzi Evangelista Sagnelli Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine Section of Infectious DiseasesUniversity of Campania“Luigi Vanvitelli”Naples 80138Italy Department of Precision Medicine University of Campania“Luigi Vanvitelli”Naples 80131Italy Department of Neurosciences Reproductive Sciences and OdontostomatologyUniversity of Naples Federico IINaples 80138Italy Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences-UO General Surgery University Federico II of NaplesNaples 80127Italy Medical Statistics and Molecular Epidemiology Unit Campus Bio-Medico UniversityRome 80138Italy

A relevant gradual reduction of both the incidence rate of acute hepatitis B(AHB)and prevalence of chronic hepatitis B has occurred in Italy in the last 50 years,due to substantial epidemiological changes:Improvement in socioeconomic and hygienic conditions,reduction of the family unit,accurate screening of blood donations,abolition of re-usable glass syringes,hepatitis B virus(HBV)-universal vaccination started in 1991,use of effective well tolerated nucleo(t)side analogues able to suppress HBV replication available from 1998,and educational mediatic campaigns against human immunodeficiency virus infection focusing on the prevention of sexual and parenteral transmission of *** an example,AHB incidence has gradually decreased from 10/100000 inhabitants in 1985 to 0.21 in ***,the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has interrupted the trend towards HBV *** fact,several HBV chronic carriers living in the countryside have become unable to access healthcare facilities for screening,diagnosis,clinical management,and nucleo(t)side analogue therapy in the COVID-19 pandemic,mainly for anxiety of becoming infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),movement restrictions,and reduced gains from job *** addition,one-third of healthcare facilities and personnel for HBV patients have been devolved to the COVID-19 assistance.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Hepatitis B virus epidemiology Acute hepatitis B COVID-19

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