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Dynamics and origin of cytokinins involved in plant manipulation by a leaf-mining insect

Insect Science 2017年第6期24卷 1065-1078页

作者： Hui Zhang antoine guiguet Geraldine Dubreuil Anna Kisiala Peter Andreas R. J. Neil Emery Elisabeth Huguet Melanie Body David Giron Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de I'lnsecte UMR 7261 CNRSIUniversite Francois-Rabelais de Tours Tours France Departement de Biologie Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon Lyon France Department of Life and Environmental Sciences Kyoto Prefectural University Kyoto Japan Department of Biology Trent University Peterborough Canada Division of Plant Sciences Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center University of Missouri Columbia USA

Several herbivorous insects and plant-associated microorganisms control the phytohormonal balance, thus enabling them to successfully exploit the plant by inhibiting plant defenses and withdrawing plant resources for their own benefit. The leaf-mining moth Phyllonorycter blancardella modifies the cytokinin （CK） profile of mined leaf-tissues, and the insect symbiotic bacteria Wolbachia is involved in the plant manipulation to the benefit of the insect host. To gain a deeper understanding into the possible origin and dynamics of CKs, we conducted an extensive characterization of CKs in larvae and in infected apple leaves. Our results show the enhanced CK levels in mines, both on green and yellow leaves, allowing insects to control their nutritional supply under fluctuating environmental conditions. The spatial distribution of CKs within the mined leaves shows that hormone manipulation is strictly limited to the mine suggesting the absence of CK translocation from distant leaf areas toward the insect feeding site. Mass spectrometry analyses reveal that major CK types accumulating in mines and larvae are similar to what is observed for most gall-inducers, suggesting that strategies underlying the plant manipulation may be shared between herbivorous insects with distinct life histories. Results further show that CKs are detected in the highest levels in larvae, reinforcing our hypothesis that CKs accumulating in the mines originate from the insect itself. Presence of bacteria- specific methylthio-CKs is consistent with previous results suggesting that insect bacterial symbionts contribute to the observed phenotype. Our study provides key findings toward the understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying this intricate plant-insect-microbe interaction.

关键词： cytokinins insect bacterial symbionts leaf-miners phytohormones plantinsect-microbe interactions plant manipulation

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比较免疫固定和等电聚焦在检测多发性硬化症患者脑脊液中寡克隆带的作用(法)

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世界核心医学期刊文摘(神经病学分册) 2006年第4期 60-61页

作者： Fromont A. Couvreur G. guiguet M. T. Moreau 许刚 Service de Neurologie CHU de Dijon 3 rue du Faubourg- Raines 21000 Dijon

Introduction. Intrathecal immunoglobulins (Ig) synthesis, reflected by oligoclonal bands (OCBs) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is observed in up to 90 percent of patients with clinically definite Multiple Sclerosis (MS). The gold standard laboratory test to establish the presence of OCBs in CSF of MS patients is isoelectric focusing (IEF). However, a quicker and less expensive method has been developed: immunofixation (IF). Methods. The aim of this study was to compare these two methods carried out 74 CSF/serum pairs of MS, 103 CSF/serum pairs of subject controls and to determine their sensitivity and specificity. Results. The agreement between results from IEF and IF was excellent (Kappa=0.84). IEF sensitivity (78 percent) was not significantly different from that of IF (74 percent) (p=0.3). Similarly, the specificity of IEF (93 percent) was not significantly different from that of IF (95 percent) (p=0.2). Conclusion. IF is a semi automated method which is easier to perform than IEF and which appears to be as efficient as IEF.

关键词：多发性硬化症免疫固定寡克隆带等电聚焦脑脊液患者

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