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A Systematic Study of Disaster Risk in Brunei Darussalam and options for Vulnerability-Based Disaster Risk Reduction

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2017年第2期8卷 208-223页

作者： anthony Banyouko Ndah John onu odihi Environmental Studies Program Department of Geography and DevelopmentFaculty of Arts and Social ScienceUniversiti Brunei Darussalam Faculty of Social Sciences Department of GeographyUniversity of Maiduguri

This systematic study of disaster risk and disaster management efforts in Brunei Darussalam uncovers the reasons why floods and landslides in particular continue to inflict significant social,economic,and psychological *** to the impacts of hydro-meteorological hazards continue to rise despite international awareness and improved disaster governance and information,and regardless of the vast financial and material resources spent on structural and nonstructural measures for disaster relief and community *** premise is that,a poor diagnosis of the disaster risk issue is at the root of the disaster risk dilemma in Brunei *** conducted our vulnerability-centered disaster risk assessment based largely on the Pressure and Release(PAR) Model proposed by Wisner et *** research results reveal that:(1)Hazard-risk in Brunei is high due to the impact of global climate change,the country's local geography,and Brunei's relative location in the Asia–Pacific *** reporting of localized disasters to international databases however fuels the misperception of low disaster risk in Brunei;(2) High community vulnerability and disaster risk is due to limited knowledge,awareness,and motivation among the general population,which prevents effective mitigation and adaptation to low magnitude but recurrent hazardous events;and(3) Partial incorporation of disasterrisk reduction into governance structures and development plans contributes to heightened disaster *** frameworks are proposed that can minimize social vulnerability,reduce disaster risk,and enhance community resilience and adaptive capacity as part of a strengthened governance *** with improvements in preparedness,response,recovery,and reconstruction promoted by the National Disaster Management Centre(NDMC),vulnerability and disaster risk can be minimized,and a more inclusive and sustainable growth can be generated.

关键词： Brunei Darussalam Community vulnerability Disaster risk reduction Pressure and Release Model(PAR)

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Set-theoretic detection of data corruption attacks on cyber physical power systems

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2018年第5期6卷 872-886页

作者： Efstathios KoNToURAS anthony TZES Leonidas DRITSAS Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of Patras Electrical and Computer Engineering Program New York University Abu Dhabi Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Educators School of Pedagogical and Technological EducationASPETE 14121 Athens Greece

This paper addresses a set-theoretic method for the detection of data corruption cyber-attacks on the load frequency control loop of a networked power system. The system consists of several interconnected control areas forming a power grid. Based on the overall discrete-time network dynamics, a convex and compact polyhedral robust invariant set is extracted and is used as a set-induced anomaly detector. If the state vector exits the invariant set,then an alarm will be activated, and the potential threat is considered disclosed. The attack scenario used to assess the efficiency of the proposed anomaly detector concerns corrupted frequency sensor measurements transmitted to the automatic generation control unit of a compromised control area. Simulation studies highlight the ability of a set-theoretic approach to disclose persistent and intermittent attack patterns even when they occur at the same time with changes in the power load demand.

关键词： Power systems Load frequency control Cyber-attacks Set-theoretic methods

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Patient-specific monocyte-derived microglia as a screening tool for neurodegenerative diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第5期18卷 955-958页

作者： Hazel Quek anthony R.White Mental Health and Neuroscience QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute School of Biomedical Science The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia

Microglia, the main driver of neuroinflammation, play a central role in the initiation and exacerbation of various neurodegenerative diseases and are now considered a promising therapeutic target. Previous studies on in vitro human microglia and in vivo rodent models lacked scalability, consistency, or physiological relevance, which deterred successful therapeutic outcomes for the past decade. Here we review human blood monocyte-derived microglia-like cells as a robust and consistent approach to generate a patient-specific microglia-like model that can be used in extensive cohort studies for drug testing. We will highlight the strength and applicability of human blood monocyte-derived microglia-like cells to increase translational outcomes by reviewing the advantages of human blood monocyte-derived microglia-like cells in addressing patient heterogeneity and stratification, the basis of personalized medicine.

关键词： human in vitro microglia models neurodegeneration neuroinflammation patient heterogeneity patient stratification peripheral blood monocyte-derived microglia-like cells therapeutic target transdifferentiation translational outcomes

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Treatability aspects of urban stormwater stressors

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2012年第5期6卷 631-637页

作者： anthony N. TAFURI Richard FIELD National Risk Management Research Laboratory Water Supply and Water Resources Division Urban Watershed Management Branch U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Edison NJ 08837-3679 USA

Pollution from diffuse sources （pollution from contaminants picked up and carried into surface waters by stormwater runoff） has been identified as a significant source of water quality problems in the U.S. scientists and engineers continue to seek solutions that will allow them to optimize existing technologies and develop new ones that will provide the best possible protection to people, wildlife, and the environment. This paper addresses the various pollutants or stressors in urban stormwater, including flow （shear force）, pathogens, suspended solids/sediment, toxicants （organic and metals）, nutrients, oxygen demanding substances, and coarse solids. A broad overview of the pollutants removed and the removal mechanisms by and of conventional best management practices （BMPs） is also presented. The principal treatment mechanisms of conventional wet ponds, vegetative swales/ buffer strips, and wetlands are sedimentation and filtration. These mechanisms have the capability to remove sig- nificant amounts of suspended solids or particulate matter and are a vital component of strategies to reduce pollutant loads to receiving waters. In addition, because most of the nation＇s receiving water violations are caused by pathogen indicator bacteria, it is of utmost importance that research efforts address this problem. Further research is also needed on the treatment of emerging contaminants in BMPs and on the costs and affects of maintenance and maintenance schedules on the long-term performance of BMPs.

关键词： stormwater wet weather flow urban runoff

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The Influence of Medium on Low-Voltage Circuit Breaker Arcs

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Plasma Science and Technology 2006年第6期8卷 680-684页

作者：杨茜荣命哲 anthony B.MURPHY 吴翊 State Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049China CSIRo Industrial Physics Lindfield NSW 2070Australia State Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049China.

This paper mainly focuses on the influence of three kinds of media： air, air-10%PA （Nylon） and air-10% PoM （polyoxymethylene） on low-voltage circuit breaker arcs. A threedimensional （3-D） model of arc motioa under the effect of external magnetic field is built based on magnetohydrodynamics （MHD） equations. By adopting the commercial computational fluid dynamics （CFD） package based on the control-volume method, the above MHD equations are solved. For the media of air-10%PA and air-10%PoM, the distributions of stationary temperature and electrical potential and the transient motion processes are compared with those of air arc. The research shows that both air-10%PA and air -10% PoM can cool the arc plasma and the former is more effective. Both of them can increase the stationary voltage as well. Moreover, the presence of the two mixtures can accelerate the arc motion toward the quenching area and ensures the arc quenched in time.

关键词： arc plasma arc motion thermodynamic and transport properties

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Energy cost minimization through optimization of EV, home and workplace battery storage

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2018年第5期61卷 761-773页

作者： ZHoNG QianWen BUCKLEY Stephen VASSALLo anthony SUN YiZe School of Mechanical Engineering Donghua University Faculty of Engineering & Information Technologies University of Sydney

Besides grid-to-vehicle(G2 V) and vehicle-to-grid(V2 G) functions, the battery of an electric vehicle(EV) also has the specific feature of mobility. This means that EVs not only have the potential to utilize the storage of cheap electricity for use in high energy price periods, but can also transfer energy from one place to another place. Based on these special features of an EV battery, a new EV energy scheduling method has been developed and is described in this article. The approach is aimed at optimizing the utilization EV energy for EVs that are regularly used in multiple places. The objective is to minimize electricity costs from multiple meter points. This work applies real data in order to analyze the effectiveness of the method. The results show that by applying the control strategy presented in this paper at locations where the EVs are parked, the electricity cost can be reduced without shifting the demand and lowering customer's satisfaction. The effects of PV size and number of EVs on our model are also analyzed in this paper. This model has the potential to be used by energy system designers as a new perspective to determine optimal sizes of generators or storage devices in energy systems.

关键词： electric vehicle electric vehicle(EV) optimization energy management storage battery vehicle to grid(V2G)

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Fabrication of electrically contacted plasmonic Schottky nanoantennas on silicon

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Chinese optics Letters 2018年第5期16卷 27-32页

作者： Mohammad Alavirad anthony olivieri Langis Roy Pierre Berini Department of Electronics Carleton University Centre for Research in Photonics University of Ottawa Department of Electrical Computer and Software EngineeringUniversity of Ontario Institute of Technology School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Ottawa Department of Physics University of Ottawa

We fabricate Schottky contact photodetectors based on electrically contacted Au nanoantennas on p-Si for the plasmonic detection of sub-bandgap photons in the optical communications wavelength range. Based on a physical model for the internal photoemission of hot carriers, photons coupled onto the Au nanoantennas excite resonant plasmons, which decay into energetic ＂hot＂ holes emitted over the Schottky barrier at the Au/p-Si interface, resulting in a photocurrent. In our device, the active Schottky area consists of Au/p-Si contact and is very small, whereas the probing pad for external electrical interconnection is larger but consists of Au/Ti/p-Si contact having a comparatively higher Schottky barrier, thus producing negligible photo and dark *** describe fabrication that involves an electron-beam lithography step overlaid with photolithography. This highly compact component is very promising for applications in high-density Si photonics.

关键词： Si Ti Fabrication of electrically contacted plasmonic Schottky nanoantennas on silicon

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Ferroptosis drives immune-mediated neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2023年第1期20卷 112-113页

作者： anthony R.White Mental Health and Neuroscience QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteHerstonQld4006Australia

one of the leading issues in multiple sclerosis(MS)research is the lack of understanding regarding the triggers of *** demyelination is a major feature in MS,the degeneration of gray matter neurons contributes to major changes in patient function,but the mechanisms driving this neuronal loss are *** exciting research published by Luoqian et al.[1]in the December issue of Cellular and Molecular Immunology,new insights have shown an important contribution of ferroptosis to T-cell-mediated neurodegeneration in the common animal model of MS,‘experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis’(EAE).Although a relationship between ferroptosis and T-cell activation has been reported in other disorders,this is the first discovery of a link between abnormal iron homeostasis and T-cell infiltration in *** addition,the authors found that unlike other studies on ferroptosis-T-cell interactions[2,3],ferroptotic activation of T cells in EAE,and potentially MS,involved the infiltration and activation of CD4+T cells,rather than CD8+***,in this study,ferroptosis was a key driver of T-cell activation rather than the opposite interaction where CD8+cells drive ferroptosis[3].The research also mapped a key role for Acsl4 in the early stages of ferroptosis-T-cell-mediated ***4 converts free long-chain fatty acids into fatty acyl-CoA esters and has been identified as a central contributor to ferroptotic processes[4].This study has mapped a major new pathway potentially leading to neurodegeneration in MS,and this opens the possibility of new therapeutic approaches to treat MS based on iron targeting as the authors describe in their final experiments.

关键词： neurodegeneration degeneration homeostasis

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In vitro properties of surface-modified solid lipid microspheres containing an antimalarial drug:halofantrine

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第4期4卷 253-258页

作者： anthony A Attama Collins N Igbonekwu Department of Pharmaceutics University of Nigeria

objective:To formulate and evaluate in vitro,surface-modified solid lipid microspheres containing hal of antrine using lipid matrix formed from goat fat and a phospholipid(P90H). Methods:The model drug,hal of antrine in an increasing concentration of 1%,2%,3%,4% and 5%w/w was incorporated into surface-modified solid lipid microspheres formulated by hot *** of drug concentration on the encapsulation efficiency was studied. The dispersion was evaluated using particle size,particle morphology,pH and encapsulation *** drug formulation with highest encapsulation efficiency was selected and used for the release studies and compared with the release from a commercial dosage form(Halfan~? 250 mg tablet,Claxo-Smithkline,Mayenne France) using simulated gastric fluid(SGF pH 1.2), simulated intestinal fluid(SIF pH 7.2) and phosphate buffer(pH 6.8) as biorelevant media. Results were analyzed statistically and the level of significance was taken to be Polid lipid microspheres were *** particle size of the dispersion was low(32.48-33.87μm) with minimal particle growth and high encapsulation efficiencies(86.8%-91.0%) after 3 *** pH of the microspheres dispersion changed appreciably after 3 *** vitro release result obtained revealed sustained and controlled drug release from the lipid microspheres compared with the tablet dosage ***: Formulation of hal of antrine as solid lipid microspheres presents a better alternative to the conventional tablet formulation as the in vitro dissolution of the highly lipophilic hal of antrine was highly improved.

关键词： Solid lipid microsphere Particle size stability Halofan trine Encapsulation efficiency Release studies In vitro evaluation

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Predictive factors of visual outcome of Malaysian cataract patients:a retrospective study

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International Journal of ophthalmology(English edition) 2017年第9期10卷 1452-1459页

作者： Thanigasalam Thevi Myron anthony Godinho Department of ophthalmology Melaka HospitalJalan MuftiHaji KhalilMelaka 75400Malaysia public Health Evidence South Asia Manipal UniversityManipal 576104India

AIM：To explore the associations between various characteristics of Malaysian cataract patients and their management,and their post-operative visual outcomes,to inform relevant bodies to reduce cataract-related ***：We conducted a descriptive secondary data analysis of cataract surgery patients in Melaka Hospital,from 2007 to 2014 using the National Eye Database（NED）.Patient-related factors（demographic features,systemic and ocular comorbidities）and management-related factors（surgical duration,type of surgery,type of lens）were analysed for their association with visual outcome（acuity）.RESULTS：Most patients were Malays（48.23%）and Chinese（38.55%）aged 60-79y（range 0-100y）.Hypertension（58.61%）and diabetes（44.89%）were major systemic ***（6.71%）and diabetic retinopathy（10.12%）were the main ocular *** comorbidities were age-related macular degeneration,pterygium,corneal opacities,macula diseases,vitreous haemorrhage,retinal detachment and pseudoexfoliation（0.70%-1.60%）.Preoperatively 7150（55.03%）eyes presented with poor *** phacoemulsification performed quickly with foldable lenses gave good ***：Primary care physicians should initiate early detection to prevent late presentation of cataracts causing poor vision and should discuss the risks and benefits of cataract surgery while emphasizing the role of pre-existing comorbidities which may affect the visual *** good results,phacoemulsification should be done within 30min,without complications,using foldable posterior chamber intraocular lens.

关键词： cataract presenting features predictors visualoutcome

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