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effect of zinc treatment on clinical outcomes in patients with liver cirrhosis:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Hepatology 2020年第7期12卷 389-398页

作者： Huey K Tan Adam Streeter Matthew e Cramp Ashwin D Dhanda South West Liver Unit University Hospitals Plymouth NHS TrustPlymouth PL68DHUnited Kingdom Hepatology Research Group Institute of Translational and Stratified MedicineFaculty of HealthUniversity of PlymouthPlymouth PL68BUUnited Kingdom Medical Statistics Group Faculty of HealthUniversity of PlymouthPlymouth PL68BUUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUNDZinc is an essential trace element integral to many cellular and immune *** deficiency is highly prevalent in patients with cirrhosis and related to *** evaluate whether zinc supplementation improves clinical outcomes (diseaseseverity and mortality) in patients with *** prospectively registered systematic review (PROSPeRO reference:CRD42018118219) included all studies in Medline, embase or Cochrane databasewith inclusion criteria of adult human studies, comparing zinc supplementationof at least 28 d with standard care or placebo in patients with cirrhosis. Mortalityand clinical severity score data were extracted. Random effects meta-analysescompared mortality at 6 mo and 2 years. Risk of bias was assessed using theNational Institutes of Health quality assessment *** hundred and twelve articles were identified of which four were *** formulations and doses varied (elemental zinc 3.4-214 mg daily) for different intervention periods in patients with differing etiology and severity of *** studies were considered to be at high risk of bias. There was no significantdifference in 6-mo mortality between patients treated with zinc versus controls[risk ratio 0.98 (0.90-1.05)]. Changes in severity scores were not reported in *** supplementation is not associated with reduced mortality in patients withcirrhosis. Findings are limited by the small number of eligible studies andsignificant heterogeneity in intervention and patient population.

关键词： Zinc Cirrhosis Mortality

Organic carbon content and carbon isotope variations across the Permo-Triassic boundary in the Gartnerkofel-1borehole, Carnic Alps, Austria

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Acta Geochimica 2018年第3期37卷 422-432页

作者： M.e.Brookfield W.S.Wolbach A.G.Stebbins I.Gilmour D.R.Roegge School for the environment University of Massachusetts at Boston Department of Chemistry De Paul University Department of Physical Sciences Planetary and Space Sciences The Open University Department of Chemistry Illinois Wesleyan University

The Gartnerkofel borehole is one of the most thoroughly studied and described Permo-Triassic sections in the world. Detailed bulk organic carbon isotope studies show a negative base shift from-24% to-28% in the Latest Permian which latter value persists into the earliest Triassic after which it decreases slightly to-26%. Two strongly negative peaks of [-38% in the Latest Permian and a lesser peak of-31% in the early Triassic are too negative to be due to a greater proportion of more negative organic matter and must be due to very negative methane effects. The overall change to more negative values across the Bulla/Tesero boundary fits the relative rise in sea level for this transition based on the facies changes. A positive shift in organic carbon isotope values at the Late Permian event Horizon may be due to an increase in land-derived organic detritus at this level—a feature shown by allTethyan Permo-Triassic boundary sections though these other sections do not have the same values. Carbonate carbon isotope trends are similar in all sections dropping by2–3 units across the Permo-Triassic boundary. Gartnerkofel carbonate oxygen values are surprisingly, considering the ubiquitous dolomitization, compatible with values elsewhere and indicate reasonable tropical temperatures of 60 °C in the Latest Permian sabkhas to 20–40 °C in the overlying marine transition beds. Increased landderived input at the Late Permian event Horizon may be due to offshore transport by tsunamis whose deposits have been recognized in India at this level.

关键词： Organic Carbon Isotopes Permo-Triassic Gartnerkofel Austria

Structure-from-Motion Photogrammetry and Rare earth Oxides can quantify diffuse and convergent soil loss and source apportionment

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2023年第4期11卷 633-648页

作者： Pia Benaud Karen Anderson Mike R.James Timothy A.Quine John N.Quinton Richard e.Brazier CReWW GeographyFaculty of EnvironmentScience and EconomyUniversity of ExeterExeterDevonEX44RJUnited Kingdom environment and Sustainability Institute University of ExeterPenrynCornwallTR109FEUnited Kingdom Lancaster environment Centre Lancaster UniversityBailriggLancasterLA14YQUnited Kingdom Geography Faculty of EnvironmentScience and Economy.University of ExeterExeterDevonEX44RJUnited Kingdom

Accurately quantifying rates of soil erosion requires capturing both the volumetric nature of the visible,convergent fluvial pathways(also known as rills)and the subtle nature of the less-visible,diffuse pathways(interrill areas).The aim of this study was to use Rare earth Oxide(ReO)tracers and Structure-from-Motion(SfM)photogrammetry to elucidate retrospective information about soil erosion rates and sediment sources during different soil erosion conditions,within a controlled laboratory *** experimental conditions created erosion events consistent with diffuse and convergent erosion *** tracers allowed the sediment transport distances of over 2 m to be described,and helped resolved the relative contribution of diffuse and convergent soil erosion;interrill areas were also iden-tified as a significant sediment sources soil loss under convergent erosion *** the potential for SfM photogrammetry to resolve sub-millimetre elevations changes was demonstrated,under some conditions non-erosional changes in surface elevation,such as compaction,exceeded volumes of soil loss via diffuse *** discrepancies between SfM Photogrammetry calculations and ReO tagged sediment export were beneficial,identifying that during soil erosion events sediment in both aggregate and particle form is deposited within the convergent features,even when the rill extended the full length of the soil *** combination of SfM photogrammetry and ReO tracers has provided a novel platform for building a spatial understanding of patterns of soil loss and source apportionment between rill and interrill erosion.

关键词： Soil erosion Structure-from-Motion Photogrammetry Rare earth Oxides Tracers Sediment Rainfall simulator Sheetwash Rilling Interrill

Impact of rainfed and irrigated agriculture systems on soil carbon stock under different climate scenarios in the semi-arid region of Brazil

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Journal of Arid Land 2022年第4期14卷 359-373页

作者： André L CARVALHO Renato A ARAúJO-NeTO Guilherme B LYRA Carlos e P CeRRI Stoécio M F MAIA Center for Agrarian Sciences Federal University of AlagoasRio Largo 57072-900Brazil Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture The University of Sao PauloPiracicaba 13418-900Brazil Federal Institute of Alagoas Marechal Deodoro 57160-000Brazil

Understanding the dynamics of soil organic carbon(SOC) is of fundamental importance in land use and management, whether in the current researches or in future scenarios of agriculture systems considering climate change. In order to evaluate SOC stock of the three districts(Delmiro Gouveia, Pariconha, and Inhapi districts) in the semi-arid region of Brazil in rainfed and irrigated agriculture systems under different climate scenarios using the Century model, we obtained RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 climate scenarios derived from the eta Regional Climate Model(eta-Had GeM2-eS and eta-MIROC5) from the National Institute for Space Research, and then input the data of bulk density, p H, soil texture, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and rainfall into the soil and climate files of the Century model. The results of this study showed that the eta-Had GeM2-eS model was effective in estimating air temperature in the future period. In rainfed agriculture system, SOC stock under the baseline scenario was lower than that under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 climate scenarios, while in irrigated agriculture system, SOC stock in the almost all climate scenarios(RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) and models(eta-Had GeM2-eS and eta-MIROC5) will increase by 2100. The results of this study will help producers in the semi-arid region of Brazil adopt specific agriculture systems aimed at mitigating greenhouse gas emissions.

关键词： soil carbon stock agriculture systems climate scenarios Century model semi-arid region

Siwalik plant megafossil diversity in the eastern Himalayas: A review

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Plant Diversity 2023年第3期45卷 243-264页

作者： Mahasin Ali Khan Sumana Mahato Robert A.Spicer Teresa e.V.Spicer Ashif Ali Taposhi Hazra Subir Bera Palaeobotany and Palynology Laboratory Department of BotanySidho-Kanho-Birsha UniversityRanchi RoadPurulia 723104India CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMengla 666303PR China School of environment Earth and Ecosystem SciencesThe Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK76AAUK Centre of Advanced Study Department of BotanyUniversity of Calcutta35B.C.RoadKolkata 700019India

The eastern Himalayas are renowned for their high plant *** understand how this modern botanical richness formed,it is critical to investigate past plant biodiversity preserved as fossils throughout the eastern Himalayan Siwalik succession(middle Miocene-early Pleistocene).Here,we present a summary of plant diversity records that document Neogene floristic and climate *** do this by compiling published records of megafossil plant remains,because these offer better spatial and temporal resolution than do palynological *** of the Siwalik floral assemblages based on the distribution of the nearest living relative taxa suggest that a tropical wet evergreen forest was growing in a warm humid monsoonal climate at the deposition *** qualitative interpretation is also corroborated by published CLAMP(Climate Leaf Analysis Multivariate Program) ***,we also reconstruct the climate by applying a new common proxy WorldClim2 *** allows the detection of subtle climate differences between floral assemblages free of artefacts introduced by using different methodologies and climate *** analysis of the Siwalik floras indicates that there was a gradual change in floral *** lower Siwalik assemblages provide evidence of a predominance of evergreen *** increase in deciduous elements in the floral composition is noticed towards the close of the middle Siwalik and the beginning of the upper Siwalik *** change reflects a climatic difference between Miocene and Plio-Pleistocene *** review helps us to understand under what paleoenvironmental conditions plant diversity occurred and evolved in the eastern Himalayas throughout the Cenozoic.

关键词： Megafossils Siwalik MiocenePleistocene Palaeovegetation Palaeoenvironment eastern Himalayas

Comparisons of two global built area land cover datasets in methods to disaggregate human population in eleven countries from the global South

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International Journal of Digital earth 2020年第1期13卷 78-100页

作者： Forrest R.Stevens Andrea e.Gaughan Jeremiah JNieves Adam King Alessandro Sorichetta Catherine Linard Andrew JTatem Department of Geography and Geosciences University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA WorldPop Department of Geography and EnvironmentUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK Spatial epidemiology Lab(SpeLL) UniversitéLibre de BruxellesBrusselsBelgium Department of Geography Universitéde NamurNamurBelgium Flowminder Foundation StockholmSweden

Mapping built land cover at unprecedented detail has been facilitated by increasing availability of global high-resolution imagery and image processing *** advances in urban feature extraction and built-area detection can refine the mapping of human population densities,especially in lower income countries where rapid urbanization and changing population is accompanied by frequently out-of-date or inaccurate census ***,in these contexts it is unclear how best to use built-area data to disaggregate areal,count-based census *** we tested two methods using remotely sensed,built-area land cover data to disaggregate population *** included simple,areal weighting and more complex statistical models with other ancillary *** were assessed across eleven countries,representing different world regions varying in population densities,types of built infrastructure,and environmental *** found that for seven of 11 countries a Random Forest-based,machine learning approach outperforms simple,binary dasymetric disaggregation into remotely-sensed built *** these more complex models there was little evidence to support using any single built land cover input over the rest,and in most cases using more than one built-area data product resulted in higher predictive *** discuss these results and implications for future population modeling approaches.

关键词： Land cover built areas remote sensing settlement mapping population modeling

An integrated approach for the optimization of wheel-rail contact force measurement systems

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Journal of Modern Transportation 2013年第2期21卷 95-102页

作者： S.Papini L.Pugi A.Rindi e.Meli Department of energy engineering ''S.Stecco'' University of Florence

A comprehension of railway dynamic behavior implies the measure of wheel-rail contact forces which are affected by disturbances and errors that are often difficult to be quantified. In this study, a benchmark test case is proposed, and a bogie with a layout used on some european locomotives such as SIeMeNS el90 is studied. In this layout, an additional shaft on which brake disks are installed is used to transmit the braking torque to the wheelset through a single-stage gearbox. Using a mixed approach based on finite element techniques and statistical considerations, it is possible to evaluate an optimal layout for strain gauge positioning and to optimize the measurement system to diminish the effects of noise and disturbance. We also conducted preliminary evaluations on the precision and frequency response of the proposed system.

关键词： Wheel-rail interaction Contact force - Straingauge

enhanced Metaheuristics-Based Clustering Scheme for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第11期73卷 4179-4192页

作者： R.Uma Mageswari Sara A.Althubiti Fayadh Alenezi e.Laxmi Lydia Gyanendra Prasad Joshi Woong Cho Department of Computer Science and engineering Vardhaman College of Engineering(Autonomous)HyderabadTelangana501218India Department of Computer Science College of Computer and Information SciencesMajmaah UniversityAl-Majmaah11952Saudi Arabia Department of electrical engineering College of EngineeringJouf UniversitySaudi Arabia Department of Computer Science and engineering Vignan’s Institute of Information TechnologyVisakhapatnam530049India Department of Computer Science and engineering Sejong UniversitySeoul05006Korea Department of Software Convergence Daegu Catholic UniversityGyeongsan38430Korea

Traditional Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs)comprise of costeffective sensors that can send physical parameters of the target environment to an intended *** the evolution of technology,multimedia sensor nodes have become the hot research topic since it can continue gathering multimedia content and scalar from the target *** existence of multimedia sensors,integrated with effective signal processing and multimedia source coding approaches,has led to the increased application of Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network(WMSN).This sort of network has the potential to capture,transmit,and receive multimedia *** energy is a major source in WMSN,novel clustering approaches are essential to deal with adaptive topologies of WMSN and prolonged network *** this motivation,the current study develops an enhanced Spider Monkey Optimization-based energy-Aware Clustering Scheme(eSMO-eACS)for *** proposed eSMO-eACS model derives eSMO algorithm by incorporating the concepts of SMO algorithm and quantum *** proposed eSMO-eACS model involves the design of fitness functions using distinct input parameters for effective construction of clusters.A comprehensive experimental analysis was conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed eSMO-eACS technique in terms of different performance *** simulation outcome established the superiority of the proposed eSMO-eACS technique to other methods under various measures.

关键词： Wireless multimedia sensor networks clustering spider monkey optimization algorithm energy efficiency metaheuristics quantum computing

Impact of mine waters on chemical composition of soil in the Partizansk Coal Basin, Russia

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2019年第1期7卷 57-63页

作者： Ola Arefieva Alina V.Nazarkina Natalya V.Gruschakova Julia e.Skurikhina Vera B.Kolycheva Far eastern Federal University 8Sukhanova str.690950VladivostokRussian Federation Institute of Biology and Soil Science Far-Eastern BranchRussian Academy of Sciences159Stoletia prospect690022 VladivostokRussian Federation Pacific State Medical University 2Ostryakov Avenue690002VladivostokRussian Federation

Partizansk Coal Basin,located in the south of the Russian Far eastern Region,was intensively mined from 1918 until *** it was mostly explored by underground excavation,the natural landscapes were transformed into anthropogenic *** the mines closed,ground subsidence occurred widely,especially in areas near the waste *** caused water tables to rise to the surface and pollute the *** of the hydrochemical composition of the mine waters were conducted in 2011-2013,and showed low alkalinity and average level of *** can be explained by the fact that while going up through soil mass,the mine waters lost their much of their pollutants due to soil buffering All mine water samples contain thermo-tolerant coliform bacteria *** that indicates a source of fresh fecal *** research indicates increased hydrocarbon ion concentrations in mine waters,especially in autumn,that resulted in accumulation of chromium and copper compounds,which can cause soil pollution.A strong relationship between the chemical composition of the mine waters and soil extracts was found within areas of unregulated groundwater discharge on the *** negative correlation between pH and content of metal compounds including chromium and copper was found at the 'Avangard' mine (r =-0.95);and between alkalinity and chromium content at the 'Glubokaya' mine (r =-0.94).

关键词： Mine waters Soil solution Chemical composition Abandoned coal mines Bacteriological contamination of water