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Complementation and Expression Analysis of SoRablA and SoRab2A in Sugarcane Demonstrates Their Functional Diversification

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2006年第12期48卷 1450-1457页

作者： Jia-Ming Zhang anne w.sylvester Ding-Qin Li Xue-Piao Sun State Key Biotechnology Laboratory for Tropical Crops Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Haikou 571101 China Department of Botany University of Wyoming Laramie Wyoming 82071 USA

Mammalian and plant Rabl and Rab2 are small GTPases that regulate vesicle trafficking in the endoplasmic reticulum （ER） to Golgi compartments. Little is know. about their functional diversification or potential interaction. w. cloned sugarcane （Saccharum officinarum L.） Rab1A and Rab2A genes and studied their functional differences by expression and complementation experiments. w. found differential expression of the tw. genes during sugarcane leaf development： SoRab2A expression declined from the dividing base to the maturing tip of the grow.ng leaves, w.ereas SoRab1A w.s constitutively expressed, suggesting that SoRab2A is required for cell division and expansion and SoRablA is required for cells at all developmental stages. w. used a yeast temperature sensitive ypt1-A 136D mutant strain to further investigate these shared and unique functions. Yptl is a small GTPase that regulates vesicle transport in the same cellular location as Rabl and Rab2. Neither SoRab1A nor SoRab2A alone could restore the grow.h of the mutant at restrictive temperatures w.en SoRab1A and SoRab2A w.re transformed separately. How.ver, SoRab1A transformants maintained normal morphology and viability at non-permissive temperature, and resumed grow.h w.en returned to permissive temperature, w.ereas SoRab2A transformants died at non-permissive temperature, suggesting that SoRablA function is required for a cell＇s viability. Mutant grow.h w.s fully restored w.en SoRab1A and SoRab2A w.re co-transformed, indicating that SoRablA and SoRab2A complement each other and they both are needed to restore the function of ypt1-A136D. These results demonstrate that SoRab1A and SoRab2A serve distinct but overlapping functions, mostly by regulating the transportation of different sets of proteins.

关键词： complementation co-transformation functional diversification Rab GTPase sugarcane temperature sensitivemutant

Hemolymph proteins in marine crustaceans

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2012年第6期2卷 496-502页

作者： w.sylvester Fredrick S Ravichandran CAS in Marine Biology Faculty of Marine Sciences Annamalai University

This study is done w.th the aim to bring together the various antimicrobial peptides that are present in the crustacean hemolymph and their sources along w.th its *** lack immune systems that involve antigen-antibody reactions and do not have an immune memory, therefore most invertebrate species show.no evidence of acquired *** possess an open circulatory system, w.ere nutrients, oxygen, hormones, and cells are distributed in the hemolymph. They lack adaptive immune system and rely exclusively on their innate immune mechanisms that include both cellular and humoral responses. Antimicrobial peptides and proteins form an important means of host defense in eukaryotes. In addition to their role as endogenous antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides have functions in inflammation,w.und repair and regulation of the adaptive immune system. Over the past several years, many antimicrobial peptides have been found and characterized in crabs.

关键词： Antimicrobial peptides Crabs Antibiotics Protein characterisation Immune response

A novel method for clustering cellular data to improve classification

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2697-2705页

作者： Diek w.w.eeler Giorgio A.Ascoli Center for Neural Informatics Structures&PlasticityKrasnow Institute for Advanced Study Bioengineering Department Volgenau School of Engineering George Mason University FairfaxVAUSA

Many fields,such as neuroscience,are experiencing the vast prolife ration of cellular data,underscoring the need fo r organizing and interpreting large datasets.A popular approach partitions data into manageable subsets via hierarchical clustering,but objective methods to determine the appropriate classification granularity are *** recently introduced a technique to systematically identify w.en to stop subdividing clusters based on the fundamental principle that cells must differ more betw.en than w.thin *** w. present the corresponding protocol to classify cellular datasets by combining datadriven unsupervised hierarchical clustering w.th statistical *** general-purpose functions are applicable to any cellular dataset that can be organized as tw.-dimensional matrices of numerical values,including molecula r,physiological,and anatomical *** demonstrate the protocol using cellular data from the Janelia MouseLight project to chara cterize morphological aspects of neurons.

关键词： cellular data clustering dendrogram data classification Levene's one-tailed statistical test unsupervised hierarchical clustering

Survey of recent advances of in the field of π-conjugated heterocyclic azomethines as materials w.th tuneable properties

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Science China Chemistry 2013年第1期56卷 3-23页

作者： BOLDUC Andréanne MALLET Charlotte SKENE w. G. Laboratoire de Caractérisation Photophysique des Matériaux Conjugués Département de ChimieUniversité de MontréalCP 6128Centre-villeMontrealQC H3C 3J7Canada

This account gives an overview.of our recent w.rk in the area of conjugated azomethines derived from *** w.ll be presented that mild reaction conditions can be used to selectively prepare symmetric and unsymmetric conjugated *** further w.ll be demonstrated that azomethines consisting of various 5-membered aryl heterocycles lead to chemically,reductively,hydrolytically,and oxidatively robust *** optical and electrochemical properties of these materials can be tuned contingent on the degree of conjugation,type of aryl heterocycle,and by including various electronic *** end result is materials having colors spanning 250 nm across the visible *** colors further can be tuned via electrochemical or chemical *** resulting doped states have high color contrasts from their corresponding neutral *** collective opto-electronic properties and the means to readily tune them,make thiophenoazomethine derivatives interesting materials for potential use in a gamut of applications.

关键词： review azomethines electronic push-pull electrochromism polymers thiophene conjugated materials X-ray crystallography

Heterogeneity of mature oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1336-1349页

作者： Chao w.ng Adam M.R.Groh Moein Yaqubi Qiao-Ling Cui Jo anne Stratton G.R.w.yne Moore Jack P.Antel Neuroimmunology Unit Montreal Neurological Institute-HospitalDepartment of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada Department of Neurology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina

Mature oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths that are crucial for the insulation of axons and efficient signal transmission in the central nervous *** evidence has challenged the classical view.of the functionally static mature oligodendrocyte and revealed a gamut of dynamic functions such as the ability to modulate neuronal circuitry and provide metabolic support to *** the recognition of potential heterogeneity in mature oligodendrocyte function,a comprehensive summary of mature oligodendrocyte diversity is *** delve into early 20th-century studies by Robertson and Río-Hortega that laid the foundation for the modern identification of regional and morphological heterogeneity in mature ***,recent morphologic and functional studies call into question the long-assumed homogeneity of mature oligodendrocyte function through the identification of distinct subtypes w.th varying myelination ***,modern molecular investigations,employing techniques such as single cell/nucleus RNA sequencing,consistently unveil at least six mature oligodendrocyte subpopulations in the human central nervous system that are highly transcriptomically diverse and vary w.th central nervous system *** and disease related mature oligodendrocyte variation denotes the impact of pathological conditions such as multiple sclerosis,Alzheimer's disease,and psychiatric ***,caution is w.rranted w.en subclassifying mature oligodendrocytes because of the simplification needed to make conclusions about cell identity from temporally confined *** studies leveraging advanced techniques like spatial transcriptomics and single-cell proteomics promise a more nuanced understanding of mature oligodendrocyte *** research avenues that precisely evaluate mature oligodendrocyte heterogeneity w.th care to understand the mitigating influence of species,sex,central nervous system region,age,and disease,

关键词： aging central nervous system diseases electron microscopy heterogeneity immunohistochemistry myelin sheath natural history neuroglia oligodendroglia single-cell gene expression analysis

Genistein:a possible solution for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2903-2905页

作者： Karolina Pierzynow.ka Bartosz Karaszew.ki Grzegorz w.grzyn Department of Molecular Biology University of GdanskGdanskPoland Gdansk Polandand Department of Adult NeurologyFaculty of MedicineMedical University of GdanskGdanskPoland

Neurodegenerative diseases are defined as disorders resulting from the slow.and progressive loss of function and eventual death of neural cells that result from the primary pathology of nervous *** can lead to severe nervous system dysfunction,eventually affecting multiple organs and *** hundred neurodegenerative diseases have been described,and ow.ng to their prevalence,severity.

关键词： organs Alzheimer death

The Strategy of Escalation and Negotiation: The Iran Nuclear Dispute

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2019年第4期28卷 434-448页

作者： Tobias w. Langenegger Keith w. Hipel Department of Management Technology and Economics ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland Department of Systems Design Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario Canada

The strategic decisions and resulting consequences surrounding the conflict betw.en the United States of America (US) and Iran regarding the Iranian nuclear program are formally investigated using a flexible decision methodology called the Graph Model for Conflict Resolution (GMCR). This highly controversial dispute caught the w.rld's attention as concerns w.re grow.ng that Iran w.uld reach a position w.ere it w.uld be able to build nuclear w.apons, thereby posing a risk to w.rld security. w.ile Iran insisted on its rights for the peaceful use of nuclear technology;the international community;led by the US, tried to discourage the nuclear activities of Iran to ensure its obligations to the non-proliferation of nuclear w.apons. This led to an escalation of tension on both sides, w.th an extension of the nuclear program by Iran and an increase in sanctions by the US, before it w.s possible to arrive at a negotiated agreement. As demonstrated in this paper, a systematic GMCR investigation provides valuable strategic insights into this important conflict. Further, it illustrates w.ys in w.ich the conflict could have evolved, as w.ll as mechanisms for stopping an escalation like this in the future.

关键词： Negotiation Graph Model for Conflict Resolution Iran US nuclear security economic sanctions

Glia-to-neuron reprogramming to the rescue?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1395-1396页

作者： Jack w.Hickmott Cindi M.Morshead Department of Surgery University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research TorontoONCanada Institute of Biomedical Engineering University of TorontoTorontoONCanada The KITE Research Institute Toronto Rehabilitation InstituteUniversity Health NetworkTorontoONCanada

Over the last tw. decades,the dogma that cell fate is immutable has been increasingly challenged,w.th important implications for regenerative *** brea kth rough discovery that induced pluripotent stem cells could be generated from adult mouse fibroblasts is pow.rful proof that cell fate can be *** exciting extension of the discovery of cell fate impermanence is the direct cellular reprogram ming hypothesis-that terminally differentiated cells can be reprogrammed into other adult cell fates w.thout first passing through a stem cell state.

关键词： programming passing proof

Tow.rd understanding Cretaceous climate An updated review

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Science China Earth Sciences 2017年第1期60卷 5-19页

作者： w.lliam w. HAY Department of Geological Sciences and University Museum University of Colorado at Boulder 2045 Windcliff Dr. Estes Park CO 80517 USA

New.data and ideas are changing our view.of conditions during the *** of the continents w.s low.r than originally thought,eliminating the'cold continental interior paradox'of fossils of plants that could not tolerate freezing occurring in regions indicated by climate models to be w.ll below.freezing in *** controversy over the height of Cretaceous sea levels has been resolved by know.edge of the effects of passage of the subducted slab of the Farallon Plate beneath the North American *** cause of shorter term sea level changes of the order of 30 to 50 meters is not because of grow.h and decay of ice sheets,but more likely the filling and release of w.ter from groundw.ter reservoirs and lakes although there may have been some ice in the Early and latest *** dioxide w.s not the only significant greenhouse gas;methane contributed significantly to the w.rmer *** of very w.rm tropical ocean temperatures(>40℃)have implications for the nature of plant life on land limited by Rubisco *** land surfaces w.re much w.tter than has been thought,w.th meandering rivers and many oxbow.lakes providing habitat for large dinosaurs.A major rethinking of the nature of conditions on a w.rmer Earth is underw.y,and a new.suite of paleoclimate simulations for the Cretaceous is needed.

关键词： Cretaceous Paleogeography Paleotopography Sea level Greenhouse Paleohydrology Paleoclimate