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How Properties that Distinguish Solids from.Fluids and Constraints of Spherical Geom.try Suppress Lower m.ntle Convection

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Journal of Earth Science 2018年第1期29卷 1-20页

作者： Anne m. Hofm.ister Everett m. Criss Departm.nt of Earth and Planetary Sciences Washington University St. Louis MO 63130 USA Panasonic Avionics Corporation Lake Forest CA 92630 USA

The large m.gnitude of the dim.nsionless Rayleigh num.er （Ra-10^8） for Earth＇s -3 000 km.thick m.ntle is considered evidence of whole m.ntle convection. However, the current form.lation assum.s behavior characteristic of gases and liquids and also assum.s Cartesian geom.try. Issues arising from.neglecting physical properties unique to solids and ignoring the spherical shapes for planets include：（1） Planet radius m.st be incorporated into Ra, in addition to layer thickness, to conserve m.ss during radial displacem.nts. （2） The vastly different rates for heat and m.ss diffusion in solids, which result from.their decoupled transport m.chanism., prom.te stability. （3） Unlike liquids, sub- stantial stress is needed to deform.solids, which independently prom.tes stability. （4） High interior com.ression stabilizes the m.ntle in additional m.nor ways. Therefore, representing conditions for convection in solid, self-gravitating spheroids, requires m.difying form.lae developed for bottom. heated fluids near am.ient conditions under an invariant gravitational field. To derive stability criteria appropriate to solid spheres, we use dim.nsional analysis, and consider the effects of geom.try, force com.etition, and m.croscopic behavior. We show that internal heating has been im.roperly ac- counted for in the Ra. We conclude that the lower m.ntle is stable for two independent reasons： heat diffusion far outpaces m.ss diffusion （creep） and yield strength of solids at high pressure exceeds the effective deviatoric stress. We discuss the role of partial m.lt in lubricating plate m.tion, and explain why the Ra is not applicable to the m.lti-com.onent upper m.ntle. When conduction is insufficient to transport heat in the Earth, m.lt production and ascent are expected, not convection of solid rock.

关键词： plasticity diffusion m.ntle convection stability criteria dim.nsional analysis geom.try.

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Gradients in predation risk in a tropical river system

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Current Zoology 2018年第2期64卷 213-221页

作者： Am. E. DEACON Faith A. m. JONES anne E. m.GURRAN Departm.nt of Life Sciences The University of the West Indies St Augustine Trinidad and Tobago School of Biology University of St Andrews Fife KY16 9TH Scotland UK

The im.ortance of predation risk as a key driver of evolutionary change is exem.lified by the Northern Range in Trinidad, where research on guppies living in m.ltiple parallel stream. has provided invaluable insights into the process of evolution by natural selection. Although Trinidadian guppies are now a textbook exam.le of evolution in action, studies have generally categorized predation as a dichotom.us variable, representing high or low risk. Yet, ecologists appreciate that com.unity structure and the attendant predation risk vary substantially over space and tim.. Here, we use data from.a longitudinal study of fish assem.lages at 16 different sites in the Northern Range to quantify tem.oral and spatial variation in predation risk. Specifically we ask: 1) Is there evidence for a gradient in predation risk? 2) Does the ranking of sites (by risk) change with the definition of the predator com.unity (in term. of species com.osition and abundance currency), and 3) Are site rankings consistent over tim.? We find com.elling evidence that sites lie along a continuum.of risk. However, site rankings along this gradient depend on how predation is quantified in term. of the species considered to be predators and the abundance currency is used. Nonetheless, for a given categorization and currency, rankings are relatively consistent over tim.. Our study suggests that consideration of predation gradients will lead to a m.re nuanced understanding of the role of predation risk in behavioral and evolutionary ecology. It also em.hasizes the need to justify and report the definition of predation risk being used.

关键词：风险坡度系统热带生态学家食肉动物驱动程序自然选择

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Can m.dern Science Answer the Great Questions?

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Journal of Earth Science 2022年第5期33卷 1330-1332页

作者： Robert E.Criss anne m.hofm.ister Dept.Earth and Planetary Science Washington UniversitySt.LouisMO63130USA

0 INTRODUCTION Crucial issues facing us are whether current practices prohibit today’s scientists from.answering great questions,and how to sufficiently educate the greater population so that scientific m.thods and f... 详细信息

关键词： Great finding facing

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Sem.n analysis： a new m.nual and its application to the understanding of sem.n and its pathology

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2010年第1期12卷 11-13页

作者： anne m. Jequier PIVET m.dical Centre Leederville Western Australia 6007 Australia

这篇文章在精液分析上考察世界健康组织的手册的最近的编辑，一个全面指导指南。，在精液分析在对平常的变量的评价使用的方法论被描述是许多更少普通，却很珍贵，精子功能测试。为过程例如的精液准备技术在 vitro，授精和子宫内的授精... 详细信息

这篇文章在精液分析上考察世界健康组织的手册的最近的编辑，一个全面指导指南。，在精液分析在对平常的变量的评价使用的方法论被描述是许多更少普通，却很珍贵，精子功能测试。为过程例如的精液准备技术在 vitro，授精和子宫内的授精也在手册被构画出。另外，它为对精液的评价详细说明许多有用技术。它将是执行精液的分析的任何实验室的一本很有用的手册。

关键词：精液手册病理世界卫生组织教学指导功能试验试管受精精制剂

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Has Axial Spin Decline Affected Earth's Geologic and Tectonic History?

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Journal of Earth Science 2022年第5期33卷 1333-1336页

作者： anne m.hofm.ister Robert E.Criss Tim.thy m.Kusky Departm.nt of Earth and Planetary Science Washington UniversitySt.LouisMO63130USA State Key Laboratory for Geological Processes and m.neral Resources Center for Global TectonicsSchool of Earth SciencesChina University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China Badong National Observatory and Research Station for Geohazards China University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China

0 INTRODUCTION Am.ng the rocky planets,only Earth rem.ins active 4.5 Ga after form.tion.m.reover,only Earth has a chem.cally and structurally com.lex,bim.dal surface with unequivocal horizontal m.tions.These unique pl... 详细信息

关键词： Earth form.tion m.ntle

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Trends and seasonality in hospitalizations for acute alcohol-related and biliary pancreatitis in the USA

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2021年第2期20卷 173-181页

作者： Artem.Shm.lev anne m.Sill Tiffany Horrigan Steven C Cunningham Departm.nt of Surgery Saint Agnes HealthcareBaltimoreMDUSA

Background:The incidence of acute pancreatitis(AP)is characterized by circannual and geographical variation.The aim.of this study was to describe seasonal variation and trends in hospitalizations for AP in the USA with respect to AP etiology.m.thods:The Nationwide Inpatient Sam.le data(2000–2016)from.the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project were used.The study population included all prim.ry hospitalizations for AP.Biliary AP(BAP)and alcohol-induced AP(AAP)were distinguished by diagnostic and procedural ICD codes.Seasonal trend decom.osition was perform.d.Results:There was a linear increase in annual incidence(per 100000 population)of AAP in the USA(from.17.0 in 2000 to 22.9 in 2016),while incidence of BAP,equaled 19.9 in 2000,peaked at 22.1 in 2006 and decreased to 17.4 in 2016.AP incidence dem.nstrated 18%annual incidence am.litude with sum.er peak and winter trough,m.re prom.nent in AAP.In 2016,within AAP,the highest incidence(per 100000 population)was noted am.ng African-Am.ricans(up to 50.4),followed by m.les aged 56–70 years(26.5)and Asians of low incom.(25.5);within BAP,above the average incidence was observed in Hispanic(up to 25.8)and Asian(up to 25.0)population.The m.st consistent and rapid increase in AP incidence was noted in m.les aged 56–70 years with an alcoholic etiology(average 6%annual incidence growth).Conclusions:The incidence and annual trends of AP vary significantly am.ng dem.graphic and socioeconom.c groups and this knowledge m.y be useful for the planning of healthcare resources and identification of at-risk populations.

关键词： Pancreatitis Alcoholic pancreatitis Incidence Seasonal variation

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Regulation of axonal rem.deling following spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第10期10卷 1555-1557页

作者： anne Jacobi Florence m.Bareyre Institute of Clinical Neuroim.unology Ludwig-Maximilians Universit?t München m.nich Cluster of System. Neurology (Sy Nergy)

Central nervous system.injuries,such as spinal cord injury（SCI）,are a leading cause of disability in young adults.SCIs generally have severe clinical consequences and often lead to loss of m.tor or sensory input bel... 详细信息

关键词： Regulation of axonal rem.deling following spinal cord injury STAT FGFR Figure CST

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m.crobiological cultures and antim.crobial prophylaxis in patients undergoing total pancreatectom. with islet cell autotransplantation

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2023年第4期22卷 426-429页

作者： Kristen R Szem.ruch anne m.Lachiewicz Brittney m.William. Am.n Kum.r Xavier Baldwin Chirag S Desai Pharm.cy Departm.nt University of North Carolina Medical CenterChapel HillNCUSA Division of Infectious Disease University of North Carolina Medical CenterChapel HillNCUSA Departm.nt of Surgery TransplantUniversity of North Carolina Medical CenterChapel HillNCUSA

To the Editor:Total pancreatectom. with islet cell autotransplantation(TPIAT)is a viable treatm.nt option upon failed endoscopic and m.dical therapy for patients with chronic pancreatitis.This procedure involves surgical rem.val of the entire pancreas,isolation of islet cells and reinfusion of these cells into the liver via portal vein[1,2].The risk of contam.nation to the final islet cell product can occur at several stages of the isolation procedure[3].In order to ensure the sterility of the islet cell product,m.ltiple sam.les from.the preservation and cannulation solution,and the final islet cell product are sent for bacterial cultures.Prior studies have found variable clinical consequences of these cultures on infectious com.plications or graft function[3-9].Herein we aim.d to determ.ne the incidence of infection in 60 days post-TPIAT and its association with the culture data.

关键词： islet patients viable

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触点

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2019年

作者：安妮·m.许勒尔(anne m. Schuller)

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Soil m.crobial response to waste potassium.silicate drilling fluid

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Journal of Environm.ntal Sciences 2015年第3期27卷 189-198页

作者： Linjun Yao m.anne Naeth Allen Jobson Departm.nt of Renewable Resources University of Alberta School of Land Science and Technology China University of Geosciences (Beijing)

Potassium.silicate drilling fluids （PSDF） are a waste product of the oil and gas industry with potential for use in land reclam.tion. Few studies have exam.ned the influence of PSDF on abundance and com.osition of soil bacteria and fungi. Soils from.three representative locations for PSDF application in Alberta, Canada, with clay loam. loam.and sand textures were studied with applications of unused, used once and used twice PSDF. For all three soils, applying ≥40 m.3/ha of used PSDF significantly affected the existing soil m.crobial flora. No m.crobiota was detected in unused PSDF without soil. Adding used PSDF to soil significantly increased total fungal and aerobic bacterial colony form.ng units in dilution plate counts, and anaerobic denitrifying bacteria num.ers in serial growth experim.nts. Used PSDF altered bacterial and fungal colony form.ng unit ratios of all three soils.

关键词： Drilling waste Potassium.silicate drilling fluid Soil m.crobiota

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