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Can m.dern Science Answer the Great Questions?

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Journal of Earth Science 2022年第5期33卷 1330-1332页

作者： Robert E.Criss anne m.Hofm.ister Dept.Earth and Planetary Science Washington UniversitySt.LouisMO63130USA

0 INTRODUCTION Crucial issues facing us are whether current practices prohibit today’s scientists from.answering great questions,and how to sufficiently educate the greater population so that scientific m.thods and f... 详细信息

关键词： Great finding facing

Surfactant protein A (SP-A) binds to phosphatidylserine and com.etes with annexin V binding on late apoptotic cells

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Protein & Cell 2010年第2期1卷 188-197页

作者： anne Jäkel Kenneth B.m.Reid Howard Clark Departm.nt of Pharm.cology University of OxfordMansfield RoadOxford OX13QTUK m.C Im.unochem.stry Unit Department of BiochemistryUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxford OX13QUUK University of Southam.ton MP 803 Level FSouth BlockSouthampton General HospitalSouthampton SO166YDUK

The role of surfactant protein A(SP-A)in the recognition and clearance of apoptotic cells is well established,but to date,it is still not clear which surface m.lecules of apoptotic cells are involved in the *** we present evidence that phosphatidylserine(PS)is a relevant binding m.lecule for hum.n *** binding is Ca^(2+)-dependent and is not inhibited by m.nnose,suggesting that the sugar-binding site of the carbohydrate recognition dom.in(CRD)of SP-A is not *** cytom.try studies on apoptotic Jurkat cells revealed apparent inhibition of annexin V binding by increasing concentrations of SP-A in late apoptotic but not early apoptotic cells,and this was consistent for Jurkat cells and *** these data,confocal m.croscopy results show a co-localisation of annexin V and SP-A in late apoptotic but not early apoptotic ***,we cannot conclude that this inhibition is exclusively due to the binding of SP-A to PS on the cell surface,as annexin V is not wholly specific for PS and SP-A also interacts with other phospholipids that m.ght becom. exposed on the apoptotic cell surface.

关键词： surfactant proteins phosphatidylserine apoptotic cells

m.nim.lly invasive and open gallbladder cancer resections: 30-vs 90-day m.rtality

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2017年第4期16卷 405-411页

作者： Naeem.Goussous m.tahar Hosseini anne m.Sill Steven C Cunningham Departm.nt of Surgery Saint Agnes HospitalBaltimoreMDUSA

BACKGROUND:m.nim.lly invasive surgery is increasingly used for gallbladder cancer *** m.rtality at 30 days is low,but 90-day m.rtality is ***:Using National Cancer Database(1998-2012),all resection patients were ***-and 90-day m.rtality rates were ***:A total of 36 067 patients were identified,19 139(53%) of whom.underwent *** age was 71 years and 70.7% were ***-day m.rtality following surgical resection was 2.3-fold higher than 30-m.rtality(17.1% vs 7.4%).There was a statistically significant increase in 30-and 90-day m.rtality with poorly differentiated tum.rs,presence of lym.hovascular invasion,tum.r stage,incom.lete surgical resection and low-volum. centers(Pm.nim.lly invasive resection between 2010 and 2012,the 90-day m.rtality was 2.8-fold higher than the 30-day m.rtality(12.0% vs 4.3%).CONCLUSIONS:Ninety-day m.rtality following gallbladder cancer resection is significantly higher than 30-day *** m.rtality is associated with tum.r grade,lym.hovascular invasion,tum.r stage,type and com.leteness of surgical resection as well as type and volum. of facility.

关键词： gallbladder cancer laparoscopic m.nim.lly invasive survival radical cholecystectom. com.lications

Unequal Distribution of Innovation Efforts for Neglected Tropical Diseases:The Role of Funding Evaluation Criteria

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Estrogens, inflam.ation and obesity： an overview

Health（健康） 2024年第5期 490页

作者： anne m.G.Neevel Kenneth D.S.Fernald Linda H.m.van de Burgwal

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Frontiers in Biology 2012年第1期7卷 40-47页

作者： Colette N. m.LLER Lynda m. BROWN Srujana RAYALAm.m.ry anne DELLA-FER Clifton A. BAILE Departm.nt of Foods and Nutrition University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA Departm.nt of Nutrition University of North Carolina at Greensboro Greensboro NC 27401 USA Departm.nt of Anim.l andDairy Science University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA

Em.rging research has suggested that inflam.atory stress m.y play a role in the developm.nt of *** the leptin and insulin receptor are sensitive to intracellular inflam.atory signaling that can be stim.lated through toll-like receptor 4 activation by saturated fat. Pharm.cological intervention within this cascade often protects anim.ls from.becom.ng obese, thus highlighting inflam.atory pathways as a possible site of study in the prevention of pathologic weight gain. It has been well established in anim.l m.dels that fem.les display a m.rked reduction in the susceptibility to weight gain on high-fat diets com.ared to m.les. In addition, it has been widely accepted that fem.les are partially protected from.inflam.atory-related diseases. At the m.lecular level, this reduction in disease susceptibility has been suggested to be due to the anti-inflam.atory properties of 17 β-estradiol. Through direct free radical scavenging, transcriptional regulation, and protein interactions, chronic exposure to estradiol can reduce system.c inflam.atory stress. As the knowledge base continues to grow on the etiology of obesity, further research is needed on the precise m.lecular pathways that can be inhibited by estradiol. Understanding of such pathways m.y provide a basis for the future use of estrogen and its related com.ounds （daidzein, genistein, resveratrol） to prevent weight gain in peri- and post-m.nopausal fem.les.

关键词： inflam.ation obesity sex differences estrogen high fat diets phytoestrogens

Gut m.crobiom. in prim.ry sclerosing cholangitis:A review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第21期26卷 2768-2780页

作者： Rebecca Little Eytan Wine Binita m.Kam.th anne m.Griffiths Am.nda Ricciuto Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoON M5G 1X8Canada Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 7-142H Katz Group–Rexall CentreUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G 1C9Canada

Prim.ry sclerosing cholangitis(PSC)is a chronic cholestatic liver disease characterized by biliary inflam.ation and *** of the pathogenesis of PSC in light of its association with inflam.atory bowel disease(IBD)and the“gut-liver”axis is an em.rging area of interest.A growing num.er of studies have begun to elucidate the role of the gut m.crobiota,its m.tabolites and its influence on host im.une responses in the developm.nt of PSC and *** of the fecal m.crobiota have highlighted enriched levels of certain species,including Veillonella,Streptococcus and Enterococcus,am.ng others.A heightened im.une response to enteric dysbiosis and bacterial translocation have also been *** exam.le,Klebsiella pneum.niae strains derived from.gnotobiotic m.ce transplanted with PSC-IBD m.crobiota were found to induce pore form.tion in hum.n intestinal epithelial cells and enhanced Th17 *** m.crobes have additionally been hypothesized to be im.licated in PSC pathogenesis through their role in the synthesis of various m.tabolites,including bile acids(BAs),which function as signaling m.lecules with im.ortant gut and hepatic *** expanded knowledge of the gut m.crobiom. as it relates to PSC offers critical insight into the developm.nt of m.crobe-altering therapeutic interventions,such as antibiotics,nutritional interventions and fecal m.crobial *** of these have already shown som. prelim.nary evidence of *** exciting progress in the field,m.ch work rem.ins to be done;areas that are particularly lacking include functional characterization of the m.crobiom. and exam.nation of pediatric *** this review,we sum.arize studies that have investigated the m.crobiom. in PSC and PSC-IBD as well as putative m.chanism.,including the potential role of m.tabolites,such as *** then briefly review the evidence for interventions with m.crobe-altering properties for treating PSC.

关键词： Bile acids Colitis Inflam.atory bowel disease m.crobiom. m.crobiota Prim.ry sclerosing cholangitis

Has Axial Spin Decline Affected Earth's Geologic and Tectonic History?

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Journal of Earth Science 2022年第5期33卷 1333-1336页

作者： anne m.Hofm.ister Robert E.Criss Tim.thy m.Kusky Departm.nt of Earth and Planetary Science Washington UniversitySt.LouisMO63130USA State Key Laboratory for Geological Processes and m.neral Resources Center for Global TectonicsSchool of Earth SciencesChina University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China Badong National Observatory and Research Station for Geohazards China University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China

0 INTRODUCTION Am.ng the rocky planets,only Earth rem.ins active 4.5 Ga after ***,only Earth has a chem.cally and structurally com.lex,bim.dal surface with unequivocal horizontal *** unique plate m.tions are currently... 详细信息

关键词： Earth form.tion m.ntle

Setting kinetics and m.chanical properties of flax fibre reinforced glass ionom.r restorative m.terials

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The Journal of Biom.dical Research 2017年第3期31卷 264-272页

作者： Ensanya Ali Abou Neel anne m.Young Division of Biom.terials Conservative Dental Sciences DepartmentKing Abdualziz University Biom.terials Departm.nt Faculty of DentistryTanta University Division of Biom.terials and Tissue Engineering UCL Eastman Dental Institute

Regardless of the excellent properties of glass ionom.r cem.nts,their poor m.chanical properties lim.t their applications to non-load bearing *** study aim.d to investigate the effect of incorporated short,chopped and random.y distributed flax fibers（0,0.5,1,2.5,5 and 25 wt%） on setting reaction kinetics,and m.chanical and m.rphological properties of glass ionom.r *** of flax fibers did not significantly affect the setting reaction *** to their content,flax fibers increased the com.ressive（from.148 to 250 m.a） and flexure strength（from.20 to 42 m.a）.They also changed the brittle behavior of glass ionom.r cem.nts to a plastic *** significantly reduced the com.ressive（from.3 to 1.3 GPa） and flexure m.dulus（from.19 to 14 GPa）.Accordingly,flax fiber-m.dified glass ionom.r cem.nts could be potentially used in high-stress bearing areas.

关键词： setting kinetics flax fibre glass ionom.r cem.nts

Detecting accidental punctures and lacerations during cholecystectom. in large datasets: Two m.thods of analysis

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2018年第5期17卷 430-436页

作者： Artem.Shm.lev anne m.Sill Gopal C Kowdley Juan A Sanchez Steven C Cunningham Departm.nt of Surgery Saint Agnes Hospital and Cancer Center

Background: After the Institute of m.dicine(IOm. report To Err Is Hum.n highlighted the im.act of m.dical errors, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality(AHRQ) developed Patient-Safety Indicators(PSI) to im.rove quality by identifying potential inpatient safety problem.. PSI-15 was created to study accidental punctures and lacerations(APL), but PSI-15 m.y underestim.te APLs in populations of patients. This study com.ares PSI-15 with a m.re inclusive approach using a novel com.osite of secondary diagnostic and procedural codes. m.thods: We used Nationwide Inpatient Sam.le(NIS) data(20 0 0–2012) from.AHRQ’s Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project(H-CUP). We analyzed PSI-15-positive and-negative cholecystectom.es. Cross tabulations identified codes that were significantly m.re frequent am.ng PSI-15-positive cases; these secondary diagnostic and procedural codes were selected as candidate m.m.ers of a com.osite m.rker(Cm. of APL. We chose cholecystectom. patients for study because this is one of the m.st com.on general operations, and the large size of NIS allows for m.aningful analysis of infrequent occurrences such as APL rates. Results: Cm.identified 1.13 tim.s m.re APLs than did PSI-15. Patients with Cm.detected APLs were significantly older and had worse m.rtality, com.rbidities, lengths of stay, and charges than those detected with PSI-15. Further com.arison of these two approaches revealed that tim.-series analysis for both APL m.rkers revealed parallel trends, with inflections in 2007, and lowest APL rates in July. Conclusions: Although Cm.m.y yield m.re false positives, it appears m.re inclusive, identifying m.re clinically significant APLs, than PSI-15. Both m.asures presented sim.lar trends over tim., arguing against inflation in PSI-15 reporting. While arguably less specific, Cm.m.y increase sensitivity for detecting APL events during cholecystectom.es. These results m.y inform.the interpretation of other large population studies of APLs following abd

关键词： Cholecystectom. Patient safety Accidental lacerations AHRQ PSI-15