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Heterogeneity of mature oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system

Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1336-1349页

作者： Chao Weng Adam m.R.Groh moein Yaqubi Qiao-Ling Cui Jo anne Stratton G.R.Wayne moore Jack.P.Antel Neuroimmunology Unit Montreal Neurological Institute-HospitalDepartment of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada Department of Neurology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina

mature oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths that are crucial for the insulation of axons and efficient signal transmission in the central nervous *** evidence has challenged the classical view of the functionally static mature oligodendrocyte and revealed a gamut of dynamic functions such as the ability to modulate neuronal circuitry and provide metabolic support to *** the recognition of potential heterogeneity in mature oligodendrocyte function,a comprehensive summary of mature oligodendrocyte diversity is *** delve into early 20th-century studies by Robertson and Río-Hortega that laid the foundation for the modern identification of regional and morphological heterogeneity in mature ***,recent morphologic and functional studies call into question the long-assumed homogeneity of mature oligodendrocyte function through the identification of distinct subtypes with varying myelination ***,modern molecular investigations,employing techniques such as single cell/nucleus RNA sequencing,consistently unveil at least six mature oligodendrocyte subpopulations in the human central nervous system that are highly transcriptomically diverse and vary with central nervous system *** and disease related mature oligodendrocyte variation denotes the impact of pathological conditions such as multiple sclerosis,Alzheimer's disease,and psychiatric ***,caution is warranted when subclassifying mature oligodendrocytes because of the simplification needed to mak. conclusions about cell identity from temporally confined *** studies leveraging advanced techniques lik. spatial transcriptomics and single-cell proteomics promise a more nuanced understanding of mature oligodendrocyte *** research avenues that precisely evaluate mature oligodendrocyte heterogeneity with care to understand the mitigating influence of species,sex,central nervous system region,age,and disease,

关键词： aging central nervous system diseases electron microscopy heterogeneity immunohistochemistry myelin sheath natural history neuroglia oligodendroglia single-cell gene expression analysis

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The crystal structure of the non-liganded 14-3-3σ protein: insights into determinants of isoform specific ligand binding and dimerization

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Cell Research 2005年第4期15卷 219-227页

作者： anne BENZINGER, Grzegorz m. POPOWICZ, Joma k. JOY,Sudipta mAJUmDAR,Tad A. HOLAk.Heik. HERmEk.NG molecular Oncology Group max-Planck.Institute for Biochemistry Am k.opferspitz 18 D-82152 martinsried Germany NmR Group max-Planck.Institute for Biochemistry Am k.opferspitz 18 D-82152 martinsried Germany NmR Group max-Planck.Institute for Biochemistry Am k.opferspitz 18 D-82152 martinsried Germany NmR Group max-Planck.Institute for Biochemistry Am k.opferspitz 18 D-82152 martinsried Germany NmR Group max-Planck.Institute for Biochemistry Am k.opferspitz 18 D-82152 martinsried Germany molecular Oncology Group max-Planck.Institute for Biochemistry Am k.opferspitz 18 D-82152 martinsried Germany

Seven different, but highly conserved 14-3-3 proteins are involved in diverse signaling pathways in human cells. It isunclear how the 14-3-3σ isoform, a transcriptional target of p53, exerts its inhibitory effect on the cell cycle in thepresence of other 14-3-3 isoforms, which are constitutively expressed at high levels. In order to identify structuraldifferences between the 14-3-3 isoforms, we solved the crystal structure of the human 14-3-3σ protein at a resolutionof 2.8 ? and compared it to the k.own structures of 14-3-3ζ and 14-3-3τ. The global architecture of the 14-3-3σ foldis similar to the previously determined structures of 14-3-3ζ and 14-3-3τ: two 14-3-3σ molecules form a cup-shapeddimer. Significant differences between these 14-3-3 isoforms were detected adjacent to the amphipathic groove, whichmediates the binding to phosphorylated consensus motifs in 14-3-3-ligands. Another specificity determining region islocalized between amino-acids 203 to 215. These differences presumably select for the interaction with specific ligands,which may explain the different biological functions of the respective 14-3-3 isoforms. Furthermore, the two 14-3-3σmolecules forming a dimer differ by the spatial position of the ninth helix, which is shifted to the inside of the ligandinteraction surface, thus indicating adaptability of this part of the molecule. In addition, 5 non-conserved residues arelocated at the interface between two 14-3-3σ proteins forming a dimer and represent candidate determinants of homo-and hetero-dimerization specificity. The structural differences among the 14-3-3 isoforms described here presumablycontribute to isoform-specific interactions and functions.

关键词： 14-3-3σ p53 crystal structure tumor suppression 14-3-3 isoform specificity.

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Semen analysis： a new manual and its application to the understanding of semen and its pathology

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2010年第1期12卷 11-13页

作者： anne m. Jequier PIVET medical Centre Leederville Western Australia 6007 Australia

This article reviews the latest edition of the World Health Organization＇s manual on seme instructional guide. The methodology used in the assessment of the usual variables in semen many of the less common, but very valuable, sperm function tests. Seminal fluid preparatio such as in vitro fertilization and intrauterine insemination are also outlined in the manual. useful techniques for the assessment of seminal fluid. It will be a very useful manual for an analyses of seminal fluid.

关键词： laboratory practice male infertility semen analysis

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Ovarian autoimmune disease： clinical concepts and anima models

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Cellular & molecular Immunology 2014年第6期11卷 510-521页

作者： Bryce D Warren William k.k.nsey Lynda k.mcGinnis Lane k.Christenson Susmita Jasti anne m Stevens Brian k.Petroff margaret G Petroff Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City KS USA Department of molecular and Integrative Physiology University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City KS USA Research Center for Immunity and I mmunotherapies Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center and Division of Rheumatology Department of Pediatrics University of Washington Seattle WA USA Department of Internal medicine University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City KS USA Present address: Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine East Lansing MI USA

The ovary is not an immunologically privileged organ, but a break.own in tolerogenic mechanisms for ovary-specific antigens has disastrous consequences on fertility in women, and this is replicated in murine models of autoimmune disease. Isolated ovarian autoimmune disease is rare in women, lik.ly due to the severity of the disease and the inability to transmit genetic information conferring the ovarian disease across generations. Nonetheless, autoimmune oophoritis is often observed in association with other autoimmune diseases, particularly autoimmune adrenal disease, and tak.s a toll on both society and individual health. Studies in mice have revealed at least two mechanisms that protect the ovary from autoimmune attack. These mechanisms include control of autoreactive T cells by thymus-derived regulatory T cells, as well as a role for the autoimmune regulator （AIRE）, a transcriptional regulator that induces expression of tissue-restricted antigens in medullary thymic epithelial cells during development of T cells. Although the latter mechanism is incompletely defined, it is well established that failure of either results in autoimmune-mediated targeting and depletion of ovarian follicles. In this review, we will address the clinical features and consequences of autoimmune-mediated ovarian infertility in women, as well as the possible mechanisms of disease as revealed by animal models.

关键词： Ovarian autoimmune clinical concepts animal models

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How Properties that Distinguish Solids from Fluids and Constraints of Spherical Geometry Suppress Lower mantle Convection

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Journal of Earth Science 2018年第1期29卷 1-20页

作者： anne m. Hofmeister Everett m. Criss Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Washington University St. Louis MO 63130 USA Panasonic Avionics Corporation Lake Forest CA 92630 USA

The large magnitude of the dimensionless Rayleigh number （Ra-10^8） for Earth＇s -3 000 k. thick.mantle is considered evidence of whole mantle convection. However, the current formulation assumes behavior characteristic of gases and liquids and also assumes Cartesian geometry. Issues arising from neglecting physical properties unique to solids and ignoring the spherical shapes for planets include：（1） Planet radius must be incorporated into Ra, in addition to layer thick.ess, to conserve mass during radial displacements. （2） The vastly different rates for heat and mass diffusion in solids, which result from their decoupled transport mechanisms, promote stability. （3） Unlik. liquids, sub- stantial stress is needed to deform solids, which independently promotes stability. （4） High interior compression stabilizes the mantle in additional minor ways. Therefore, representing conditions for convection in solid, self-gravitating spheroids, requires modifying formulae developed for bottom- heated fluids near ambient conditions under an invariant gravitational field. To derive stability criteria appropriate to solid spheres, we use dimensional analysis, and consider the effects of geometry, force competition, and microscopic behavior. We show that internal heating has been improperly ac- counted for in the Ra. We conclude that the lower mantle is stable for two independent reasons： heat diffusion far outpaces mass diffusion （creep） and yield strength of solids at high pressure exceeds the effective deviatoric stress. We discuss the role of partial melt in lubricating plate motion, and explain why the Ra is not applicable to the multi-component upper mantle. When conduction is insufficient to transport heat in the Earth, melt production and ascent are expected, not convection of solid rock.

关键词： plasticity diffusion mantle convection stability criteria dimensional analysis geometry.

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Soil microbial response to waste potassium silicate drilling fluid

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第3期27卷 189-198页

作者： Linjun Yao m.anne Naeth Allen Jobson Department of Renewable Resources University of Alberta School of Land Science and Technology China University of Geosciences (Beijing)

Potassium silicate drilling fluids （PSDF） are a waste product of the oil and gas industry with potential for use in land reclamation. Few studies have examined the influence of PSDF on abundance and composition of soil bacteria and fungi. Soils from three representative locations for PSDF application in Alberta, Canada, with clay loam, loam and sand textures were studied with applications of unused, used once and used twice PSDF. For all three soils, applying ≥40 m^3/ha of used PSDF significantly affected the existing soil microbial flora. No microbiota was detected in unused PSDF without soil. Adding used PSDF to soil significantly increased total fungal and aerobic bacterial colony forming units in dilution plate counts, and anaerobic denitrifying bacteria numbers in serial growth experiments. Used PSDF altered bacterial and fungal colony forming unit ratios of all three soils.

关键词： Drilling waste Potassium silicate drilling fluid Soil microbiota

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Overview of clinical trials for nasopharyngeal carcinoma(in the English literature)

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Chinese Journal of Cancer 2010年第8期29卷 709-714页

作者： anne W.m.Lee Department of Clinical Oncology Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital

megavoltage radiation therapy (RT) is the primary treatment modality for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Treatment results have been steadily improving with rapid technological advances and better k.owledge on optimization of dose fractionation. During the past decade, RT techniques have evolved from conventional 2-dimensional (2D) to 3-dimensional (3D) complex technique with multiple conformal fields and intensity-modulation. There is little controversy that intensity-modulated technique (ImRT) is recommended if resources permit, dosimetric studies show clear improvement in dose distribution, with conformity of high dose to concave tumor targets and sharp dose gradient for adequate tumor coverage and better protection of adjacent normal tissues.

关键词：鼻咽癌英文文献临床试验治疗方式技术进步强度调制 RT技术高剂量

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Regulation of axonal remodeling following spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第10期10卷 1555-1557页

作者： anne Jacobi Florence m.Bareyre Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology Ludwig-Maximilians Universit?t München munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (Sy Nergy)

Central nervous system injuries,such as spinal cord injury（SCI）,are a leading cause of disability in young *** generally have severe clinical consequences and often lead to loss of motor or sensory input below the s... 详细信息

关键词： Regulation of axonal remodeling following spinal cord injury STAT FGFR Figure CST

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Global transcriptional changes in response to cGAmP depend on STING in human THP-1 cells

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Cellular & molecular Immunology 2018年第11期15卷 983-985页

作者： anne Louise Hansen Ask. m.Brandtoft mette Nyegaard anne L.Thielk. David Olagnier Christian k.Holm Department of Biomedicine Aarhus Research Center for Innate ImmunologyAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark

Cytosolic detection of foreign or misplaced self-DNA through the cGAS-STING pathway leads to cGAS-mediated synthesis of the second messenger molecule *** immune signaling molecule STING binds cGAmP directly,and thus functions as a cGAmP *** of cGAmP induces the activation of STING with the subsequent induction of anti-viral and proinflammatory ***,it is not k.own whether STING is the only cellular sensor of cGAmP,and it has not been reported whether stimulation with cGAmP can induce gene transcription independently of *** we analyzed the global cGAmP-induced transcriptional gene program in STING-deficient human monocyte-derived THP-1 *** found that the global cGAmP-induced transcriptional response was dependent on STING and failed to identify groups of genes that were affected by cGAmP in the absence of *** data therefore strongly indicate that STING is the sole receptor for cGAmP in human macrophages.

关键词： stimulation STING transcriptional

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Pharmacological challenges in chronic pancreatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第42期19卷 7302-7307页

作者： anne Estrup Olesen anne Brok.aer Iben WD Fisher Isabelle m Larsen mech-Sense Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyAalborg University Hospital9000 AalborgDenmark Center for Sensory-motor Interaction Department of Health Science and TechnologyAalborg University9000 AalborgDenmark Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of Copenhagen1455 CopenhagenDenmark

Drug absorption in patients with chronic pancreatitis might be affected by the pathophysiology of the *** exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is associated with changes in gastrointestinal intraluminal pH,motility disorder,bacterial overgrowth and changed pancreatic gland *** these factors can result in malabsorption and may also affect the efficacy of pharmacological *** lifestyle of chronic pancreatitis patients may also contribute to gastrointestinal *** patients limit their food intak. because of the pain caused by eating and in some cases food intak. is more or less substituted with alcohol,tobacco and *** and drug interaction are k.own to influence the pharmacok.netics by altering either drug absorption or by affecting liver *** patients suffering from chronic pancreatitis experience severe pain,opioids are often prescribed as pain *** have intrinsic effects on gastrointestinal motility and hence can modify the absorption of other drugs tak.n at the same ***,the increased fluid absorption caused by opioids will decrease water available for drug dissolution and may hereby affect absorption of the *** stated above many factors can influence drug absorption and metabolism in patients with chronic *** factors may not have clinical relevance,but may explain inter-individual variations in responses to a given drug,in patients with chronic pancreatitis.

关键词： Pharmacology Absorption metabolism Chronic pancreatitis Treatment

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