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Isolation and Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 in Kenya

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American Journal of Molecular Biology 2024年第2期14卷 66-83页

作者： Albina Makio Robinson Mugasiali Irekwa Matthew Mutinda Munyao Caroline Wangui Njoroge Peter Kipkemboi Rotich Tonny Teya Nyandwaro Joanne Jepkemei Yego anne Wanjiru Mwangi James Hungo Kimotho Ronald Tanui Vincent Rutto Samson Muuo Nzou Center for Traditional Medicine and Drug Research Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya Center for Microbiology Research Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya Production Department Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology Rhodes University Grahamstown South Africa Center for Virus Research Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya

The discovery of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, in December 2019 raised global health warnings. Quickly, in 2020, the virus crossed borders and infected individuals across the world, evolving into the COVID-19 pandemic. Notably, early signs of the virus’s existence were observed in various countries before the initial outbreak in Wuhan. As of 12th of April, the respiratory disease had infected over 762 million people worldwide, with over 6.8 million deaths recorded. This has led scientists to focus their efforts on understanding the virus to develop effective means to diagnose, treat, prevent, and control this pandemic. One of the areas of focus is the isolation of this virus, which plays a crucial role in understanding the viral dynamics in the laboratory. In this study, we report the isolation and detection of locally circulating SARS-CoV-2 in Kenya. The isolates were cultured on Vero Cercopithecus cell line (CCL-81) cells, RNA extraction was conducted from the supernatants, and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Genome sequencing was done to profile the strains phylogenetically and identify novel and previously reported mutations. Vero CCL-81 cells were able to support the growth of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro, and mutations were detected from the two isolates sequenced (001 and 002). Genome sequencing revealed the circulation of two isolates that share a close relationship with the Benin isolate with the D614G common mutation identified along the S protein. These virus isolates will be expanded and made available to the Kenya Ministry of Health and other research institutions to advance SARS-CoV-2 research in Kenya and the region.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Whole Genome Sequencing Phylogenetic Analysis Nucleotide Substitutions Amino Acid Changes

Matrix Roots and Embedding Conditions for Three-State Discrete-Time Markov Chains with Complex Eigenvalues

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Communications in Mathematics and Statistics 2022年第3期10卷 435-450页

作者： Marie-anne Guerry Department of Business Technology and Operations Vrije Universiteit Brussel(VUB)Pleinlaan 21050 BrusselsBelgium

The present paper examines matrix root properties and embedding conditions for discrete-time Markov chains with three states and a transition matrix having complex *** as well as sufficient conditions for the existence of an m-th stochastic root of the transition matrix are *** roots are expressed in analytical form based on the spectral decomposition of the transition matrix,and properties of these matrix roots are proved.

关键词： Markov chain Embedding problem Matrix root Complex eigenvalues

Thermal desorption of mercury from lignite in a high-temperature furnace and in power plant mills

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2022年第5期9卷 150-159页

作者： anne-Christin Kropp Kathrin Gebauer Michael Beckmann Institute of Process Engineering and Environmental Technology Faculty of Mechanical Science and EngineeringTU Dresden01062 DresdenGermany

In this article,the binding forms of two lignite samples are determined by thermal desorption using a high-temperature *** mercury compound,such as HgCl2,has a specifc binding strength whose decomposition requires a certain thermal ***,the release of mercury from pure substances and lignite samples was analyzed in a high-temperature *** released mercury is determined with a Mercury Vapor *** obtained characteristic temperature range and peak of the mercury release were compared between lignite samples and mercury pure *** the lignite samples investigated,the binding form of mercury was then identifed as Humic *** organic compounds vaporize at lower *** half of the mercury bound in the lignite was already released at 350℃.Furthermore,the question arises whether mercury is already released during the grinding-drying process in the coal mill of a power *** two power plants,lignite samples were taken simultaneously at the feeder before entering the coal mill and at the dust line *** samples were analyzed for mercury *** results show that up to one third of the mercury was already released in the coal *** vaporized mercury enters the combustion chamber detached from the *** stated analysis methods and the results presented in this article contribute to the understanding of the mercury binding forms in *** also shows the potential of thermal coal pretreatment as a favorable alternative mercury separation technology to others such as activated carbon dosing.

关键词： Mercury binding forms Thermal desorption Mercury release Coal mill Coal pretreatment

Challenges in the conduct of randomised controlled trials in cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2022年第2期19卷 125-129页

作者： anne Freund Steffen Desch Holger Thiele Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology Heart Center Leipzig at the University of LeipzigLeipzigGermany German Center for Cardiovascular Research(DZHK) BerlinDeutschland

Cardiogenic shock(CS)following acute myocardial infarction(AMI)is a major challenge in cardiovascular *** remains high with 40%-50%after thirty *** controlled trials(RCTs)play a key role to generate evidence on optimal care in this ***,the number of completed or ongoing RCTs is still relatively low compared to the gaps in *** in the conduct of these trials are in particular the selection of patients and ethical issues in the informed consent *** determining eligibility criteria,special attention should be paid to the severity of CS,to the inclusion of patients with cardiac arrest and to potential age *** age of AMI-CS patients is *** limits are therefore controversial as it is important to include elderly patients in RCTs in order to make the results generalisable and to address the special needs of this *** patients with AMI-CS are in most cases unable to provide informed consent themselves,a step-wise approach with acute consent by a legal representative or independent physicians and later informed consent by the patient if possible might be established depending on regularities of the respective ethical review board and country *** studies should be sought to generate adequate power.

关键词： shock legal consent

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何谓绝对可持续性?

世界建筑 2024年第1期 18-19页

作者：安妮·贝姆母卓尔丹麦皇家建筑艺术学院建筑与技术研究所工业化建筑中心不详

“绝对可持续性”的概念最近才由丹麦的环境科学家们明确定义,因此在国际学术界、公共机构和政策层面的同行中它可能还并不被熟知。当人们初次接触这一概念时,可能会觉得它对可持续性的理解带有简单教条或激进的倾向。

关键词：环境科学家可持续性政策层面激进概念

Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage(MIS)-6 Glacial Advances on the Tibetan Plateau More Extensive than during MIS-2 due to More Abundant Precipitation

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2022年第5期96卷 1484-1494页

作者： Marie-Luce CHEVALIER WANG Shiguang anne REPLUMAZ LI Haibing Key Laboratory of Deep-Earth Dynamics of Ministry of Natural Resources Institute of GeologyCAGSBeijing 100037China Jiangsu Donghai Crustal Activity in Deep Holes of the Continental Scientific Drilling National Observation and Research Station LianyungangJiangsu 222300China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou) Guangzhou 511458China National Institute of Natural Hazards MEMCBeijing 100037China ISTerre UniversitéGrenoble AlpesCNRSGrenoble 38610France

Numerous studies dated glacial deposits within the Himalayan-Tibetan *** most focus on young deposits,i.e.,younger than the Last Glacial Maximum(LGM or Marine oxygen Isotope Stage(MIS)-2,~20 ka),older moraines such as those from MIS-6(~130–191 ka)are much harder to date and interpret due to the less well-preserved nature of their surfaces and boulders,as well as their scattered and continuous age distribution due to long-lived erosion since ***,we dated with~(10)Be,two imbricated moraines near Yadong in southern Tibet,as MIS-2 and 6,showing that the most extensive,smooth surfaces were abandoned during *** published data from 54 MIS-6 moraines on the Tibetan Plateau reveals that they exist in most regions,dry or *** are particularly well-preserved(sharp crests)in eastern and northern Tibet,while in southern and central Tibet,their crests are rounded to *** both MIS-2 and 6 were equally cold,and because MIS-6 moraines are much more extensive than those from the LGM,we conclude that MIS-6 glacial advances were controlled by more abundant precipitation than during *** would be consistent with the peak in Asian monsoon during MIS-6,revealed by sediments from the South China Sea.

关键词： Yadong rift southern Tibet cosmogenic isotopes Quaternary paleo-precipitation moraine morphology Indian monsoon

Histological remission of eosinophilic esophagitis under asthma therapy with IL-5 receptor monoclonal antibody:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第14期10卷 4502-4508页

作者： Marc Huguenot anne-Catherine Bruhm Manfred Essig Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine Tiefenau HospitalBern 3004Switzerland

BACKGROUND Benralizumab is a monoclonal antibody targeting the IL-5 receptor used in the treatment of *** use of benralizumab in other conditions is only emerging and could represent a therapeutic option for other eosinophil-associated ***,we report the case of a patient suffering from eosinophilic esophagitis and asthma who achieved histological remission of eosinophilic esophagitis(EoE)under benralizumab treatment for his *** SUMMARY Our patient was a 56-year-old white male with a history of eosinophilic esophagitis and severe *** years of usual treatments,including topical steroids,biological treatment with mepolizumab,and standard asthma treatment,only poor control of both conditions was obtained.A control gastroscopy after the initiation of benralizumab showed complete histological remission of his *** Our case shows the effects of therapy with a novel agent not yet approved for this condition but for other diseases,with histological resolution of EoE after *** clinical remission was not observed,which exemplifies the complex nature of EoE,its associated psychosomatic burden,and the chronification of the ***,monoclonal antibodies targeting the Th2 response and,in our case,an IL5 receptor antagonist,achieved complete histological remission,which was not the case with an antibody against IL-5,which was also initiated to treat asthma.

关键词： Eosinophilic esophagitis Benralizumab,Eosinophilic asthma Case report

Microstructure and texture evolution of nonoriented silicon steel during the punching process

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2022年第11期29卷 2064-2071页

作者： Xiang Fang Wei Wang François Brisset anne-Laure Helbert Thierry Baudin School of Automotive Engineering Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Automotive Components Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Automotive Components Technology Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China Hubei Research Center for New Energy&Intelligent Connected Vehicle Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay UniversitéParis-SaclayCNRS91405 OrsayFrance

The iron core of a motor is mainly manufactured from rolled nonoriented silicon steel using a punching process that leads to deformation and texture evolution at the cutting *** to this process,circular samples of nonoriented silicon steel were prepared by punching using blunt punch *** this work,two positions along the rolling and transverse directions at the cutting edge were *** main mechanisms of deformation for both positions are dislocation slip and formation of shear *** two mechanisms lead to similar texture evolutions for both *** dislocation slip leads to the formation of the{221}component in the unbending area(200μm away from the cutting edge)and intermediate continuum-bent ***,the evolution of the texture from the{111}γfiber to the{110}fiber was observed at the extremity of the cutting edge with the formation of shear bands.

关键词： microstructure texture nonoriented silicon steel punching

Corneal neurotization: a narrative review of techniques, outcomes, and surgical considerations

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Annals of Eye Science 2023年第2期8卷 1-13页

作者： Jessica Zhang anne Barmettler Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Montefiore Medical CenterAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA

Background and Objective:Corneal neurotization is a novel surgical technique used to restore corneal sensation in patients with neurotrophic *** keratopathy is a disorder characterized by dysfunction of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve,which provides sensory innervation to the *** sensation,the cornea is at risk of infection,ulceration,perforation,and ultimately,vision *** neurotization has emerged as an innovative technique to reinnervate anesthetized corneas by transferring a healthy donor nerve to the affected eye around the corneoscleral *** the field of corneal neurotization rapidly grows,there is a need to synthesize the existing body of literature on corneal neurotization and identify important areas for further *** this review,we will discuss neurotrophic keratopathy and its current management strategies,followed by an overview of corneal neurotization techniques,outcomes,surgical considerations,and future ***:PubMed and Google Scholar searches were conducted to retrieve and analyze relevant original papers and reviews on neurotrophic keratopathy and corneal neurotization up until April *** Content and Findings:Currently,numerous techniques for corneal neurotization exist,including direct nerve transfers,as well as indirect neurotization via interposition nerve *** far,corneal neurotization has been shown to be highly successful in restoring corneal sensation,improving visual acuity,and improving corneal epithelial *** date,there have been no significant differences in outcomes between direct versus indirect neurotization techniques,different donor nerves,or autologous versus allogeneic interposition ***,there is some evidence that corneal neurotization procedures may be more successful in pediatric ***:Corneal neurotization shows great promise in treating neurotrophic corneas and represents the first management option to date tha

关键词： Corneal neurotization neurotrophic keratopathy corneal sensation neurotrophic cornea