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Journal of Environmental Protection 2021年第12期12卷 1102-1127页

作者： Marcelo Montaño Ghislain Mwamba Tshibangu anne caroline malvestio Sao Carlos School of Engineering University of Sao Paulo Sao Carlos Brazil Impact Assessment Agency of Canada Quebec Canada Federal University of Uberlandia Uberlandia Brazil

To date, an important debate regarding the use of Strategic Environmental Assessment in policy and plan-making seems to focus on whether to reform or develop SEA regulations. Despite the well-established theoretic relevance of legislation, there is only little empiric evidence, moreover in developing countries. This paper aims to verify the contributions of new regulations to a proper use of SEA, based on the case of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Both the SEA practice previously to the legislation reform and the newly introduced SEA system established by the new regulation were characterized. The new regulation was verified against the previous practice of SEA within the country and the compliance with international performance criteria. The outcomes suggest that the overall quality of SEA documentation is still in need of major improvements. Gaps include alternatives development and impacts monitoring. The biggest performance limitations of the new regulation are related to the length of SEA processes, public consultation, SEA information to provide, and alternatives to consider. Finally, it is suggested that regulation reform or straightforward adoption might not be enough to support an effective use of SEA.

关键词： SEA Systems Effectiveness Regulation Developing Countries Democratic Republic of Congo

Isolation and Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 in Kenya

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American Journal of Molecular Biology 2024年第2期14卷 66-83页

作者： Albina Makio Robinson Mugasiali Irekwa Matthew Mutinda Munyao caroline Wangui Njoroge Peter Kipkemboi Rotich Tonny Teya Nyandwaro Joanne Jepkemei Yego anne Wanjiru Mwangi James Hungo Kimotho Ronald Tanui Vincent Rutto Samson Muuo Nzou Center for Traditional Medicine and Drug Research Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya Center for Microbiology Research Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya Production Department Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology Rhodes University Grahamstown South Africa Center for Virus Research Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya

The discovery of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, in December 2019 raised global health warnings. Quickly, in 2020, the virus crossed borders and infected individuals across the world, evolving into the COVID-19 pandemic. Notably, early signs of the virus’s existence were observed in various countries before the initial outbreak in Wuhan. As of 12th of April, the respiratory disease had infected over 762 million people worldwide, with over 6.8 million deaths recorded. This has led scientists to focus their efforts on understanding the virus to develop effective means to diagnose, treat, prevent, and control this pandemic. One of the areas of focus is the isolation of this virus, which plays a crucial role in understanding the viral dynamics in the laboratory. In this study, we report the isolation and detection of locally circulating SARS-CoV-2 in Kenya. The isolates were cultured on Vero Cercopithecus cell line (CCL-81) cells, RNA extraction was conducted from the supernatants, and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Genome sequencing was done to profile the strains phylogenetically and identify novel and previously reported mutations. Vero CCL-81 cells were able to support the growth of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro, and mutations were detected from the two isolates sequenced (001 and 002). Genome sequencing revealed the circulation of two isolates that share a close relationship with the Benin isolate with the D614G common mutation identified along the S protein. These virus isolates will be expanded and made available to the Kenya Ministry of Health and other research institutions to advance SARS-CoV-2 research in Kenya and the region.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Whole Genome Sequencing Phylogenetic Analysis Nucleotide Substitutions Amino Acid Changes

Nuisance species:beyond the ecological perspective

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Ecological Processes 2014年第1期3卷 236-247页

作者： Zina Skandrani Sebastien Lepetz anne-caroline Prevot-Julliard Centre d’Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation CESCO UMR 7204 CNRS-MNHN-UPMCMuseum National d’Histoire NaturelleCP 5155 rue BuffonF-75005 ParisFrance Laboratoire d’Archéozoologie et Archéobotanique UMR 7209 CNRS-MNHNMuseum National d’Histoire NaturelleCP 5155 rue BuffonF-75005 ParisFrance

Introduction:‘Nuisance species’(or‘invasive’species)are often proposed to be the second most important concern in the context of the current biodiversity *** increasing evidence that exotic species do not always become invasive,this perception is still common in the scientific *** suggests that other issues are at stake in the concept of nuisance species rather than just the problems they raise,grounded mostly in ecological or economic ***:We retraced the evolution of pigeon representation in France through an extensive review of ancient texts related to pigeons and reviewed more than 240 source texts,dating from the seventh century to the *** completed these data with literature on human-animal relationships and animal conceptions in religious,philosophical,scientific,and political currents of thought that were representative of Western and,specifically,French ***:We used the heated debate over pigeons(Columba livia)as pests as a case study by analyzing the ecological,social,economic,and political relations regarding *** a historical perspective of the debate about and understanding of pigeons,we propose a new and complementary explanation for the modern thinking of pigeons as a nuisance species,based on what we termed their socio-nature *** particular,we used social representations theory to highlight the issues of human identity construction at stake in the construction of pigeons as a nuisance ***:We invite the reader to consider the impact of such human self-definition on environmental stances,as it could constrain further developments or improvements of conservation perspectives.

关键词： Conservation Human-animal relations Identity construction ‘Nuisance species’ Social representations Socio-natures

Leukocyte driven-decidual angiogenesis in ***

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2014年第6期11卷 522-537页

作者： Patricia DA Lima Jianhong Zhang caroline Dunk Stephen J Lye B anne Croy Ottawa Hospital Research Institute The Ottawa Hospital General Campus Critical Care Wing Ottawa ON Canada Research Centre for Women's and Infants' Health Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute Mount Sinai Hospital Toronto ON Canada Department of Physiology and University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences Queen's University Kingston ON Canada

Successful pregnancy and long-term, post-natal maternal and offspring cardiac, vascular and metabolic health require key maternal cardiovascular adaptations over gestation. Within the pregnant decidualizing uterus, coordinated vascular, immunological and stromal cell changes occur. Considerable attention has been given to the roles of uterine natural killer （uNK） cells in initiating decidual spiral arterial remodeling, a process normally completed by mid-gestation in mice and in humans. However, leukocyte roles in much earlier, region specific, decidual vascular remodeling are now being defined. Interest in immune cell-promoted vascular remodeling is driven by vascular aberrations that are reported in human gestational complications such as infertility, recurrent spontaneous abortion, preeclampsia （PE） and fetal growth restriction. Appropriate maternal cardiovascular responses during pregnancy protect mothers and their children from later cardiovascular disease risk elevation. One of the earliest uterine responses to pregnancy in species with hemochorial placentation is stromal cell decidualization, which creates unique niches for angiogenesis and leukocyte recruitment. In early decidua basalis, the aspect of the implantation site that will cradle the developing placenta and provide the major blood vessels to support mature placental functions, leukocytes are greatly enriched and display specialized properties. UNK cells, the most abundant leukocyte subset in early decidua basalis, have angiogenic abilities and are essential for normal early decidual angiogenesis. The regulation of uNK cells and their roles in determining maternal and progeny cardiovascular health over ore^nancv and PostPartum are discussed.

关键词： angiokines blood vessel decidua endometrium natural killer cell receptors uterine natural killer cell

New Opportunities for Lanthanide Luminescence

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Journal of Rare Earths 2007年第3期25卷 257-274页

作者： Jean-Claude G. Bünzli Steve Comby anne-Sophie Chauvin caroline D. B. Vandevyver Laboratory of Lanthanide Supramolecular Chemistry Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne BCH 1402 CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland

Trivalent lanthanide ions display fascinating optical properties. The discovery of the corresponding elements and their first industrial uses were intimately linked to their optical properties. This relationship has been kept alive until today when many high-technology applications of lanthanide-containing materials such as energy-saving lighting devices, displays, optical fibers and amplifiers, lasers, responsive luminescent stains for biomedical analyses and in cellulo sensing and imaging, heavily rely on the brilliant and pure-color emission of lanthanide ions. In this review we first outlined the basics of lanthanide luminescence with emphasis on f-f transitions, the sensitization mechanisms, and the assessment of the luminescence efficiency of lanthanide-containing emissive molecular edifices. Emphasis was then put on two fast developing aspects of lanthanide luminescence： materials for telecommunications and light emitting diodes, and biomedical imaging and sensing. Recent advances in NIR-emitting materials for plastic amplifiers and waveguides were described, together with the main solutions brought by researchers to minimize non-radiative deactivation of excited states. The demonstration in 1999 that erbium tris（8-hydroxyquinolinate） displayed a bright green emission suitable for organic light emitting diodes （OLEDs） was followed by realizing that in OLEDs, 25% of the excitation energy leads to singlet states and 75% to triplet states. Since lanthanide ions are good triplet quenchers, they now also play a key role in the development of these lighting devices. Luminescence analyses of biological molecules are among the most sensitive analytical techniques known. The long lifetime of the lanthanide excited states allows time-resolved spectroscopy to be used, suppressing the sample autofluorescence and reaching very low detection limits. Not only visible lanthanide sensors are now ubiquitously provided in medical diagnosis and in cell imaging, but the feasibili

关键词： lanthanide luminescence sensitization near infrared telecommunications organic light emitting diode (OLED) time-resolved luminescence in cellulo sensing cell imaging rare earths

Determination of iohexol by capillary blood microsampling and UHPLC-MS/MS

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2019年第4期9卷 259-265页

作者： Valentin Ion caroline Legoff Etienne Cavalier Pierre Delanaye anne-Catherine Servais Daniela-Lucia Muntean Marianne Fillet Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines (LAM) Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM) University of Liege Liege Belgium Analytical Chemistry and Drug Analysis Department Faculty of Pharmacy University of Medicine Pharmacy Science and Technology from Tirgu Mures 540139 Tirgu Mures Romania Department of Clinical Chemistry Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM) University of Liege CHU Sart-Tilman Liege Belgium Department of Nephrology-Dialysis-Transplantation University of Liege CHU Sart-Tilman Liege Belgium

One of the most important tools used to evaluate kidney function in the context of chronic kidney disease or other renal function related pathologies is the exploration of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Iohexol is up to this moment a good candidate molecule for the GFR assessment since it exhibits minimum protein binding rates and minimum extra-renal clearance, being neither secreted nor reabsorbed at the tubular level. This study proposes and evaluates a new LC-MS/MS method for the iohexol determination from capillary blood, prelevated using volumetric absorbative microsampling (VAMS) systems. As an alternative to VAMS, a brand new HemaPEN■ device for micro-prelevation was also tested. A new high throughput sample preparation protocol adapted for iohexol quantification from whole blood VAMS samples was developed. The medium term stability study of iohexol in dried whole blood VAMS samples that was conducted showed a good stability of this molecule for up to 12 days. By collecting only 10 mL of blood, iohexol can be analyzed from dried whole blood VAMS samples for concentration ranges between 1 and 250 mg/mL. Due to the analyte stability in VAMS for up to 12 days, this approach might be successfully applied for GFR assessment for clinical cases allowing minimum invasiveness and even delayed analysis.

关键词： Microsampling Iohexol VAMS LC-MS/MS HemaPEN

Combined hepatocellular and cholangiocellular carcinoma presenting with radiological characteristics of focal nodular hyperplasia

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第31期15卷 3940-3943页

作者： Inneke Willekens anne Hoorens caroline Geers Bart Op de Beeck Frederik Vandenbroucke Johan de Mey Department of Radiology and Pathology

Combined hepatocellular and cholangiocellular carcinoma (cHCC-CC) is a rare tumor type containing unequivocal elements of both hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma that are intimately mixed. Although these tumors are usually considered to be more related to hepatocellular carcinoma than to cholangiocarcinoma, they sometimes, in contrast to hepatocellular carcinoma, contain a significant amount of fibrous stroma. This might in some cases explain atypical radiological features. We report a case of a cHCC-CC in a 47-year-old female that resembled focal nodular hyperplasia on Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Correlation of imaging and serum levels of α-fetoprotein and CA19.9 can help to make the correct diagnosis preoperatively.

关键词： Combined hepatocellular Cholangiocellular carcinoma Magnetic resonance imaging

3D numerical simulation of seagrass movement under waves and currents with GPUSPH

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2021年第6期36卷 711-722页

作者： anne-Eléonore Paquier Thibault Oudart caroline Le Bouteiller Samuel Meulé Philippe Larroudé Robert A.Dalrymple BRGM Immeuble Agostini Aix-Marseille University CNRS IRD INRA Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering) Univerity Grenoble Alpes University Grenoble Alpes Department of Civil Engineering Johns Hopkins University

The current study tries a new approach to simulating interactions between waves and seagrass through Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics(SPH). In this model, the plants are defined as a solid that respects Hooke’s law, and are assumed to have direct interaction with the fluid. Given the characteristics of the SPH method, especially in terms of computational time, the dimensions of the simulations were *** first goal of the current study was to optimize the approach to avoid reaching certain limits such as the rupture of the simulated plant. Plant movements under waves and/or currents have been studied by several authors in various in-situ, physical, and numerical experiments concerning various vegetation species, thus proving that plant movements can be successfully reproduced by SPH 2D/3D. Manning’s roughness coefficient, n, was calculated to confirm that the results were in accordance with what had been measured in flume studies. Even though there is still room for improvement, it is shown that this method can be used to estimate Manning’s coefficient for coastal vegetation(seagrass and saltmarsh vegetation) and to greatly improve the modeling and forecasting of coastal erosion and storm surge risks by including the effects of vegetation in integrated models.

关键词： Numerical seagrass movement GPUSPH Fluid structure interaction Waves Current

Prevalence of Bacteremia among the HIV and Non HIV Infected Patients Visiting Alupe Sub Hospital, Alupe Division of Teso South Sub-County, Busia County, Kenya between 2017 and 2019

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2021年第3期11卷 249-266页

作者： anne N. Mutsami caroline Ngugi John Kiiru Department of Medical Microbiology School of Biomedical Sciences Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Juja Kenya Department of Microbiology Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya

Background: Bacteremia is the presence of viable bacteria in circulating blood. This is common in HIV patients, leading to a significant public health problem worldwide. It is concomitant with upraising cases of antibiotic resistance that results in high morbidity rates leading to increased hospital visits and high mortality rates. Gram-negative bacteria which produce extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) are becoming more common and pathogenic in this group of people. Genes responsible for resistance are well-known to spread among various microorganisms. By employing a case-control study design, this study determined prevalence of bacteremia in Salmonella ssp, Klebsiella ssp, and Escherichia coli in HIV positive and HIV negative patients attending Alupe subcounty hospital. Methods: A total of 113 HIV positive and 133 HIV negative patients were sampled purposively grounded on Lameshow sample size determination formula. Consent was sought from the study participants followed by questionnaire administration. Blood (10 ml) was collected from each enrolled patient and later subjected to full haemogram (1 ml), Salmonella Antigen test (1 ml) and general bacterial isolation (8 ml). Results: HIV positive pati

关键词： Prevalence Salmonella ssp Klebsiella ssp Escherichia coli Isolates

Detection and Characterization of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Toilet and Classroom Door Handles in Selected Secondary Schools in Nairobi County

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2013年第4期3卷 248-252页

作者： caroline Mbogori anne Muigai Samuel Kariuki Centres for Microbiology Research KEMRI Nairobi Kenya Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Itromid KEMRI Nairobi Kenya

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is found on all surfaces especially in public areas like hospitals and schools and on frequently touched areas like toilet and classroom door handles. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a strain of Staphylococcus aureus which is resistant to methicillin. There are two types of MRSA: Community acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) and hospital acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (HA-MRSA). MRSA in the community presents a significant reservoir that could enter into healthcare facilities and spread among patients and also a risk for immune compromised persons in the community. Methodology: The study aimed at determining the prevalence of MRSA isolated from toilet and classroom door handles as a potential source of infection to the students and the workers in selected schools in Nairobi, Kenya. The study also compared the prevalence of MRSA between boarding and non-boarding girls, boys and mixed (both girls and boys in the same school) secondary schools. Twelve secondary schools in Nairobi County were randomly selected and 306 samples from both the toilet and classroom door handles were collected using sterile swabs and transported to the laboratory. Isolation of Staphylococcus aureus was done by the use of selective media Mannitol salt agar, antibiotic susceptibility of isolates was done by disk diffusion method, and molecular detection of mecA and PVL genes were done by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: The prevalence of S. aureus was 20% and 15% were MRSA positive by both Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test and PCR detection. 20% showed the presence of PVL genes, 8% showed the presence of both genes and 56% of isolates with mecA gene had PVL genes. Conclusion: The presence of MRSA in this study emphasizes the need to formulate hygiene measures to prevent possible spread of MRSA and other transmissible pathogens to students and workers in the schools.

关键词： Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Secondary Schools Antibiotic Patterns