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Diet as a strategy for type 1 diabetes prevention

Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2018年第1期15卷 1-4页

作者： Flavia Prodam annalisa chiocchetti Umberto Dianzani Department of Health Sciences Universitàdel Piemonte OrientaleNovara28100Italy

The increasing incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)in children represents one of the major worldwide health concerns.It is widely thought that T1DM is caused by the autoimmune destruction of insulin-producingβcells in the pancreas due to an aberrant T-cell immune response.To date,there are no effective therapeutic strategies to prevent T1DM,as its clinical symptoms become apparent only when mostβcells have already been destroyed.Furthermore,clinical trials for the prevention of T1DM in children at risk have all been unsuccessful to date.Intriguingly,recent studies have implicated alterations in the gut microbial flora(that is,microbiota)as a potential etiological factor for T1DM,raising the possibility that interfering with the microbes populating our body could represent a promising approach to prevent or manage T1DM.New evidence strongly supporting this hypothesis comes from a milestone study by Mariño et al.,1 which shows that a diet capable of modulating the activity of the gut microbiota can indeed inhibit the disease onset in a mouse model of T1DM.Overall,these findings pave the way for the development of food-based dietary approaches for preventing high-risk children from developing T1DM.

关键词： prevention alterations destroyed

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The Yin-Yang of osteopontin in nervous system diseases: damage versus repair

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第6期16卷 1131-1137页

作者： Giuseppe Cappellano Domizia Vecchio Luca Magistrelli Nausicaa Clemente Davide Raineri Camilla Barbero Mazzucca Eleonora Virgilio Umberto Dianzani annalisa chiocchetti Cristoforo Comi Department of Health Sciences Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases(IRCAD)University of Piemonte OrientaleNovaraItaly Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease-CAAD University of Piemonte OrientaleNovaraItaly Department of Translational Medicine Neurology UnitInterdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases(IRCAD)University of Piemonte OrientaleNovaraItaly PhD Program in Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Medical Humanities University of InsubriaVareseItaly

Osteopontin is a broadly expressed pleiotropic protein,and is attracting increased attention because of its role in the pathophysiology of several inflammatory,degenerative,autoimmune,and oncologic diseases.In fact,in the last decade,several studies have shown that osteopontin contributes to tissue damage not only by recruiting harmful inflammatory cells to the site of lesion,but also increasing their survival.The detrimental role of osteopontin has been indeed well documented in the context of different neurological conditions(i.e.,multiple sclerosis,Parkinson’s,and Alzheimer’s diseases).Intriguingly,recent findings show that osteopontin is involved not only in promoting tissue damage(the Yin),but also in repair/regenerative mechanisms(the Yang),mostly triggered by the inflammatory response.These two apparently discordant roles are partly related to the presence of different functional domains in the osteopontin molecule,which are exposed after thrombin or metalloproteases cleavages.Such functional domains may in turn activate intracellular signaling pathways and mediate cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions.This review describes the current knowledge on the Yin and Yang features of osteopontin in nervous system diseases.Understanding the mechanisms behind the Yin/Yang would be relevant to develop highly specific tools targeting this multifunctional protein.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease cytokine immunity microglia multiple sclerosis neuroinflammation neuroprotection neurotoxicity Parkinson’s disease Spp1 stroke

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