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Magnesium acetyltaurate prevents retinal damage and visual impairment in rats through suppression of NMDA-induced upregulation of NF-κB,p53 and AP-1(c-Jun/c-Fos)

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第11期16卷 2330-2344页

作者： Lidawani Lambuk Igor Iezhitsa Renu Agarwal Puneet Agarwal anna Peresypkina anna Pobeda Nafeeza Mohd Ismail Center for Neuroscience Research(NeuRon) Faculty of MedicineUniversiti Teknologi MARASungai Buloh CampusSelangorMalaysia School of Medicine International Medical UniversityKuala LumpurMalaysia Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology Institute of MedicineBelgorod State National Research UniversityBelgorodRussia

Magnesium acetyltaurate(MgAT)has been shown to have a protective effect against N-methyl-D-aspartate(NMDA)-induced retinal cell *** current study investigated the involvement of nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB),p53 and AP-1 family members(c-Jun/c-Fos)in neuroprotection by MgAT against NMDA-induced retinal *** this study,Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to undergo intravitreal injection of vehicle,NMDA or MgAT as pre-treatment to *** days after injections,retinal ganglion cells survival was detected using retrograde labelling with fluorogold and BRN3A *** outcome of retinal damage was assessed using electroretinography,and the mechanisms underlying antiapoptotic effect of MgAT were investigated through assessment of retinal gene expression of NF-κB,p53 and AP-1 family members(c-Jun/c-Fos)using reverse transcription-polymerase chain *** phospho-NF-κB,phospho-p53 and AP-1 levels were evaluated using western blot *** visual functions were evaluated using visual object recognition *** retrograde labelling and BRN3A immunostaining revealed a significant increase in the number of retinal ganglion cells in rats receiving intravitreal injection of MgAT compared with the rats receiving intravitreal injection of *** indicated that pre-treatment with MgAT partially preserved the functional activity of NMDA-exposed *** abolished NMDA-induced increase of retinal phospho-NF-κB,phospho-p53 and AP-1 expression and suppressed NMDA-induced transcriptional activity of NF-κB,p53 and AP-1 family members(c-Jun/c-Fos).Visual object recognition tests showed that MgAT reduced difficulties in recognizing the visual cues(*** with different shapes)after NMDA exposure,suggesting that visual functions of rats were relatively preserved by pre-treatment with *** conclusion,pre-treatment with MgAT prevents NMDA induced retinal injury by inhibiting NMDA-induced neuronal apoptosis via downr

关键词： AP-1(c-Jun/c-Fos) electroretinography magnesium acetyltaurate neuroprotection NF-κB N-methyl-D-aspartate object recognition tasks p53 retinal excitotoxicity retrograde labelling

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Resilience:Lessons to be learned from safety and acceptable risk

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Journal of Safety Science and Resilience 2021年第4期2卷 253-257页

作者： Kosovac anna Tom McLeod Logan Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology The University of MelbourneAustralia Civil and Natural Resources Engineering The University of CanterburyNew Zealand

It is not unusual to see the concept of resilience housed in binary terms:Your city is either‘resilient’or *** contrast,being‘safe’is widely recognized as a statement based on‘acceptable risk’where absolute safety is *** why do we treat resilience and,as an example,the idea of“Resilient Cities”as a distinct endpoint?In this paper,we argue that this mindset is not only incongruent with current understandings of safety and risk but could create a false sense of security for systems that otherwise have been judged‘resilient’.An alternative is that we can and should consider framing resilience in the same manner as we do to *** benefit of doing this is that we can learn from the safety literature and appreciate that,like for safety,there is no such thing as absolute ***,we should be striving to constantly identify and reduce the risks to our systems and society.

关键词： Risk analysis Safety Risk assessment Resilient Resilience Urban Cities Disaster management

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Functional and cognitive grammars

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外语教学与研究 2011年第5期43卷 643-664页

作者： anna Siewierska Lancaster University

This paper presents a comprehensive review of the functional approach and cognitive approach to the nature of language and its relation to other aspects of human *** paper starts with a brief discussion of the origins and the core tenets of the two approaches in Section *** 2 discusses the similarities and differences between the three full-fledged structural functional grammars subsumed in the functional approach:Halliday's Systemic Functional Grammar(SFG),Dik's Functional Grammar(FG),and Van Valin's Role and Reference Grammar(RRG).Section 3 deals with the major features of the three cognitive frameworks:Langacker's Cognitive Grammar(CG),Goldberg's Cognitive Construction Grammar(CCG),and Croft's Radical Construction Grammar(RCG).Section 4 compares the two approaches and attempts to provide a unified functional-cognitive *** the last section,the author concludes the paper with remarks on the unidirectional shift from functional grammar to cognitive grammar that may indicate a reinterpretation of the traditional relationship between functional and cognitive models of grammar.

关键词： functional grammar cognitive grammar

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MicroRNAs associated with molecular mechanisms for plant root formation and growth

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Journal of Forestry Research 2016年第1期27卷 1-12页

作者： Wei Tang anna Y.Tang Department of Biology East Carolina University 101 Stadium Drive University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Although roots are so important for plant growth and crop productivity, the molecular mecha- nism（s） of root formation and growth is not fully under- stood. To increase our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms, here we review microRNA regu- lation of processes related to root formation： the regulation of transcription factors, nutrient uptake, stress signaling, and growth signaling. We have summarized the interaction, expression, transport, and signaling events that involve microRNAs in ideal and stressed conditions in a number of model plants, highlighting the involvement of microRNAs in root formation. MicroRNAs are now known to be important players in root initiation, development, and growth; understanding the precise mechanisms involved will be valuable for plant molecular breeding to develop high-yielding crops with high stress resistance and low nutrient requirements.

关键词： MicroRNAs, Nutrient. Root formationStress response Transcription factor

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No evidence for female discrimination against male house mice carrying a selfish genetic element

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Current Zoology 2016年第6期62卷 675-685页

作者： Andreas SUTTER anna K. LINDHOLM Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 Zurich 8057 Switzerland

Meiotic drivers distort transmission to the next generation in their favor, with detrimental effects on the fitness of their homologues and the rest of the genome. Male carriers of meiotic drivers commonly inflict costs on their mates through genetic incompatibility, reduced fecundity, or biased brood sex ratios. Given these costs, evidence for female discrimination against male carriers is surprisingly rare. One of few examples is the t haplotype in house mice, a meiotic driver that shows strong transmission distortion in males and is typically homozygote lethal. As a consequence, mating between 2 t heterozygous （＋/t） mice leads to high embryo mortality. Previous experiments showing that＋/t females avoid this incompatibility cost by preferring ＋/＋ versus ＋/t males have inferred preference based on olfactory cues or brief social interactions. Evidence from mating contexts in laboratory settings and semi-natural populations has been inconclusive. Here, we investigated female choice from a large number of no-choice mating trials. We found no evidence for discrimination against＋/t males based on mating, remating, and copulatory behavior. Further, we found no evidence for avoidance of incompatibility through selective interactions between game- tes. The likelihood of mating showed significant effects of female weight and genotype, suggesting that our test paradigm enabled females to exhibit mate choice. We discuss the strengths and limitations of our approach. By explicitly considering selection at both the individual and gene level, we argue why precopulatory female discrimination by＋/t females may be less evolutionarily stable than discrimination by all females based on postcopulatory mechanisms.

关键词： cryptic female choice female preference indirect benefits mate choice segregation distortion t haplotype

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Genome engineering technologies for targeted genetic modification in plants

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Journal of Forestry Research 2018年第4期29卷 875-887页

作者： Wei Tang anna Y. Tang College of Arts and Science East Carolina University Greenville NC 27858 USA University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 101 Stadium Drive Chapel Hill NC 27514 USA

Well-established targeted technologies to engi- neer genomes such as zinc-finger nuclease-based editing （ZFN）, transcription activator-like effector nuclease-based editing （TALEN）, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and associated protein system-based editing （CRISPR/Cas） are proving to advance basic and applied research in numerous plant species. Compared with systems using ZFNs and TALENs, the most recently developed CRISPR/Cas system is more efficient due to its use of an RNA-guided nuclease to generate double-strand DNA breaks. To accelerate the applications of these technologies, we provide here a detailed overview of these systems, highlight the strengths and weaknesses of each, summarize research advances made with these technologies in model and crop plants, and discuss their applications in plant functional genomics. Such targeted approaches for genetically modifying plants will benefit agricultural production in the future.

关键词： Double-stranded DNA break Genomeediting CRISPR system Transcription activator-likeeffector nucleases Zinc-finger nucleases

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The new K_V3.4 inhibitor BDS-I[1–8] as a potential pharmacological opportunity in Alzheimer’s disease therapy

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第7期15卷 1255-1256页

作者： Ilaria Piccialli Roselia Ciccone anna Pannaccione Division of Pharmacology Department of NeuroscienceReproductive and Dentistry Sciences School of Medicine Federico II University of Naples

Alzheimer's disease(AD)is the most common neurodegenerative disorder and the first cause of dementia in the elderly,with no treatment able to prevent or to block disease *** is characterized by memory impairment and cognitive dysfunction,followed in the late phases of the disease by severe neurodegeneration and neuronal *** amyloid-β(Aβ)peptide,generated upon the processing of the amyloid precursor protein,is considered the main initiator of AD ***,Aβpeptides,which aggregate and accumulate to form extracellular plaques and intraneuronal deposits.

关键词： inhibitor BDS-I[1-8] BDS Alzheimer

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Surface tracking assessment and interaction in texture space

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Computational Visual Media 2018年第1期4卷 3-15页

作者： Johannes Furch anna Hilsmann Peter Eisert Fraunhofer HHI Berlin10587Germany Humboldt University Berlin10099Germany

In this paper, we present a novel approach for assessing and interacting with surface tracking algorithms targeting video manipulation in postproduction. As tracking inaccuracies are unavoidable,we enable the user to provide small hints to the algorithms instead of correcting erroneous results afterwards. Based on 2D mesh warp-based optical flow estimation, we visualize results and provide tools for user feedback in a consistent reference system, texture space. In this space, accurate tracking results are reflected by static appearance, and errors can easily be spotted as apparent change. A variety of established tools can be utilized to visualize and assess the change between frames. User interaction to improve tracking results becomes more intuitive in texture space, as it can focus on a small region rather than a moving *** show how established tools can be implemented for interaction in texture space to provide a more intuitive interface allowing more effective and accurate user feedback.

关键词： surface tracking assessment interaction mesh warp optical flow

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Lignin Biosynthesis Studies in Plant Tissue Cultures

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2010年第2期52卷 176-185页

作者： anna Krknen Sanna Koutaniemi Department of Applied Biology 00014 University of HelsinkiFinland MTT Agrifood Research Finland 92400 RuukkiFinland Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology 00014 University of HelsinkiFinland

Lignin, a phenolic polymer abundant in cell walls of certain cell types, has given challenges to scientists studying its structure or biosynthesis. In plants lignified tissues are distributed between other, non-lignified tissues, Characterization of native lignin in the cell wall has been difficult due to the highly cross-linked nature of the wall components. Model systems, like plant tissue cultures with tracheary element differentiation or extracellular lignin formation, have provided useful information related to lignin structure and several aspects of lignin formation. For example, many enzyme activities in the phenylpropanoid pathway have been first identified in tissue cultures. This review focuses on studies where the use of plant tissue cultures has been advantageous in structural and biosynthesis studies of lignin, and discusses the validity of tissue cultures as models for lignin biosynthesis.

关键词： cell Lignin Biosynthesis Studies in Plant Tissue Cultures

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ON AN EQUATION CHARACTERIZING MULTI-CAUCHY-JENSEN MAPPINGS AND ITS HYERS-ULAM STABILITY

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2015年第6期35卷 1349-1358页

作者： anna BAHYRYCZ Krzysztof CIEPLINSKI Jolanta OLKO Institute of Mathematics Pedagogical University AGH University of Science and Technology Faculty of Applied Mathematics

In this paper, we give two characterizations of multi-Cauchy-Jensen mappings. One of them reduces the system of n equations defining these mappings to a single functional equation. We also prove, using the fixed point... 详细信息

关键词： multi-Cauchy-Jensen mapping (generalized) Hyers-Ulam stability Cauchy'sfunctional equation Jensen's functional equation fixed point method

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