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Calculation of Solubility of Oxyquinolinates

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Journal of Analytical Sciences, m.thods and Instrum.ntation 2014年第3期4卷 71-79页

作者： anna m.michalowska-kaczmarczyk Tadeusz m.chalowski Departm.nt of Oncology The University Hospital in CracowCracowPoland Faculty of Engineering and Chem.cal Technology Technical University of CracowCracowPoland

The solubilities (s, m.l/L) of different oxyquinolinates (oxinates, m.L2) are calculated using the form.lae obtained according to elem.ntary algebra, with the use of Excel spreadsheets. The calculations are involved with solution of algebraic equation of the third degree, obtained on the basis of concentration balances. The root of this equation, , is then inserted into the charge balance, and resolved according to zeroing procedure. In principle, the calculations are related to aqueous m.dia. Nonetheless, the extension on liquid-liquid extraction system. is also proposed.

关键词： Solubility Oxyquinolinates

Evaluation of Transition Points between Different Solid Phases in Aqueous m.dia

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Journal of Analytical Sciences, m.thods and Instrum.ntation 2014年第3期4卷 87-94页

作者： anna m.michalowska-kaczmarczyk Tadeusz m.chalowski Departm.nt of Oncology The University Hospital in CracowCracowPoland Faculty of Engineering and Chem.cal Technology Technical University of CracowCracowPoland

A uniform.procedure is suggested for calculation of the pHt value(s) separating equilibrium.solid phases in pH scale, at an excess of the precipitating agent. The pHt value, related to pairs of precipitates form.d from.the species ??and ?, fulfils the relation , where F is a constant value involving pKso’s for solubility products (Kso’s) of these precipitates, and the equilibrium.data, related to the species com.osing these precipitates.

关键词： Electrolytic System. Precipitates pH-Intervals

Com.rehension of functional support by enculturated chim.anzees Pan troglodytes

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Current Zoology 2011年第4期57卷 429-440页

作者： anna m. YOCOm.Sarah T. BOYSEN Departm.nt of Psychology The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA

Studies of causal understanding of tool relationships in captive chim.anzees have yielded disparate findings, particularly those reported by Povinelli ＆ colleagues （2000） for tool tasks by laboratory chim.anzees. The present set of experim.nts tested nine enculturated chim.anzees on three versions of a support task, as described by Povinelli （2000）, during which food re- wards were presented in different experim.ntal configurations. In Experim.nt 1, stim.lus pairs included a choice between a cloth with a reward on the upper right com.r or with a second reward off the cloth, adjacent to a com.r, with the second pair com.rised of a cloth with food on the upper right com.r, and a second cloth with the reward on the substrate, partially covered. All subjects were successful with both test conditions in Experim.nt 1. In a second study, the experim.ntal choices included one of two possi- ble correct options, paired with one of three incorrect options, with the three incorrect choices all involving varying degrees of perceptual containm.nt. All nine chim.anzees scored significantly above chance across all six conditions. In Experim.nt 3, four unique conditions were presented, com.ining one of two possible correct choices with one of two incorrect choices. Six of the subjects scored significantly above chance across the four conditions, and group perform.nce on individual conditions was also significant. Superior perform.nce was dem.nstrated by fem.le subjects in Experim.nt 3, sim.lar to sex differences in tool use previously reported for wild chim.anzees and som. tool tasks in captive chim.anzees. The present results for Experim.nts 2 ＆ 3 were significantly differed from.those reported by Povinelli et al. （2000） for laboratory-born, peer-reared chim.anzees. One contribution towards the dram.tic differences between the two study populations m.y be the significant rearing and housing differences of the chim.anzee groups. One explanation is that under conditions of enculturat

关键词： Chim.anzees Com.arative cognition Tool use Causality

Generalization of the linguistic aggregation operator and its application in decision m.king

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Journal of System. Engineering and Electronics 2011年第4期22卷 593-603页

作者： Jose m. m.rigo anna m. Gil-Lafuente Ligang Zhou Huayou Chen Departm.nt of Business Adm.nistration University of Barcelona Av. Diagonal 690 08034 Barcelona Spain School of m.them.tical Science Anhui University Hefei 230601 P. R. China

A generalization of the linguistic aggregation functions （or operators） is presented by using generalized and quasiarithm.tic m.ans. Firstly, the linguistic weighted generalized m.an （LWGm. and the linguistic generalized ordered weighted averaging （LGOWA） operator are introduced. These aggregation functions use linguistic inform.tion and generalized m.ans in the weighted average （WA） and in the ordered weighted averaging （OWA） function. They are very useful for uncertain situations where the available inform.tion cannot be assessed with num.rical values but it is possible to use linguistic assessm.nts. These aggregation operators generalize a wide range of aggregation operators that use linguistic inform.tion such as the linguistic generalized m.an （LGm., the linguistic OWA （LOWA） operator and the linguistic or- dered weighted quadratic averaging （LOWQA） operator. We also introduce a further generalization by using quasi-arithm.tic m.ans instead of generalized m.ans obtaining the quasi-LWA and the quasi-LOWA operator. Finally, we develop an application of the new approach where we analyze a decision m.king problem.regarding the selection of strategies.

关键词： linguistic aggregation function linguistic orderedweighted averaging (OWA) operator generalized m.an linguis-tic decision m.king strategic decision m.king uncertainty.

Chronic Obstructive Pulm.nary Disease:Evidence for an Autoim.une Com.onent

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Cellular & m.lecular Im.unology 2009年第2期6卷 81-86页

作者： anna m. Stefanska Patrick T. Walsh School of Biochem.stry and Im.unology Trinity College Dublin Im.unology Research Centre School of Biochemistry and Immunology Biotechnology Building Trinity College Dublin

Chronic obstructive pulm.nary disease （COPD） is characterized by an irreversible lim.tation on pulm.nary airflow associated with chronic inflam.ation and m.cous hypersecretion （chronic bronchitis） and/or the pathological destruction of alveolar airspaces leading to em.hysem.. COPD, predom.nantly as a result of tobacco sm.ke exposure, represents the fourth leading cause of m.rtality worldwide and its prevalence is increasing. Despite this, m.ch of the basic m.chanism. which contribute to disease progression rem.in to be elucidated and current therapeutic approaches are, for the m.st part, based upon alleviating patient sym.tom. （bronchodilators） as opposed to treating the underlying pathological m.chanism. triggered in response to cigarette sm.ke exposure. The classic disease paradigm.suggests that an im.alance of pulm.nary m.trix proteases versus anti-proteases underlies the tissue destruction and inflam.ation associated with COPD. However, there is a growing appreciation of the com.lex and m.ltifaceted nature of the pathological m.chanism. associated with disease progression. Recently, there has been m.unting evidence indicating that COPD patients exhibit m.ny of the characteristics of a classical autoim.une response. We will discuss current evidence in support of this paradigm.and outline how future therapeutic approaches m.y be tailored to address this.

关键词： COPD autoim.unity em.hysem. Th 1 Th 17

Interactive effects of m.tal pollution and ocean acidification on physiology of m.rine organism.

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Current Zoology 2015年第4期61卷 653-668页

作者： anna V. Ivanina Inna m. Sokolova Departm.nt of Biological Sciences University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte NC 28223 USA

Changes in the global environm.nt such as ocean acidification （OA） m.y interact with anthropogenic pollutants including trace m.tals threatening the integrity of m.rine ecosystem.. We analyze recent studies on the interactive effects of OA and trace m.tals on m.rine organism. with a focus on the physiological basis of these interactions. Our analysis shows that the responses to elevated CO2 and m.tals are strongly dependent on the species, developm.ntal stage, m.tal biochem.stry and the degree of environm.ntal hypercapnia, and cannot be directly predicted from.the CO2-induced changes in m.tal solubility and speciation. The key physiological functions affected by both the OA and trace m.tal exposures involve acid-base regulation, pro- tein turnover and m.tochondrial bioenergetics, reflecting the sensitivity of the underlying m.lecular and cellular pathways to CO2 and m.tals. Physiological interactions between elevated CO2 and m.tals m.y im.act the organism.＇ capacity to m.intain ac- id-base hom.ostasis and reduce the am.unt of energy available for fitness-related functions such as growth, developm.nt and re- production thereby affecting survival and perform.nce of estuarine populations. Environm.ntal hypercapnia m.y also affect the m.rine food webs by altering predator-prey interactions and the trophic transfer of m.tals in the food chain. However, our under- standing of the degree to which these effects can im.act the function and integrity of m.rine ecosystem. is lim.ted due the scar- city of the published research and its bias towards certain taxonom.c groups. Future research priorities should include studies of m.tal x Pco2 interactions focusing on critical physiological functions （including acid-base, protein and energy hom.ostasis） in a greater range of ecologically and econom.cally im.ortant m.rine species, as well as including the field populations naturally ex- posed （and potentially adapted） to different levels of m.tals and CO2 in their environm.nts [Curre

关键词： CO2 Trace m.tals m.tal accum.lation Acid-base hom.ostasis Bioenergetics Estuaries

Optical im.ging of nociception in prim.ry som.tosensory cortex of nonhum.n prim.tes

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生理学报 2008年第5期60卷 664-668页

作者： Li-m.n CHEN Robert m. Friedm.n anna W. Roe Departm.nts of Radiology and Radiological Science Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 3 7232 USA Departm.nts of psychology Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 3 7232 USA Departm.nts of Institute of lm.ging Science Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 3 7232 USA

While the activation of prim.ry som.tosensory(SI) cortex during pain perception is consistently reported in functional im.ging studies on norm.l subjects and chronic pain patients,the specific roles of SI,particularly the subregions within SI,in the processing of sensory aspects of pain are still largely *** optical im.ging of intrinsic signal(OIS) and single unit electrophysiology,we studied cortical activation patterns within SI cortex(am.ng Brodm.nn areas 3a,3b and 1) and signal am.litude changes to various intensities of non-nociceptive,therm.l nociceptive and m.chanical nociceptive stim.lation of individual distal finerpads in anesthetized squirrel *** have dem.nstrated that areas 3a and 1 are preferentially involved in the processing of nociceptive inform.tion while areas 3b and 1 are preferentially activated in the processing of non-nociceptive(touch) *** activations of individual fingerpad were organized topographically suggesting that nociceptive topographic m.p exits in areas 3a and *** am.litude was enhanced to increasing intensity of m.chanical nociceptive stim.li in areas 3a,3b and *** area 1,nociceptive response co-localizes with the non-nociceptive ***,we hypothesize that nocicepitve inform.tion is area-specifically represented within SI cortex,in which nociceptive inputs are preferentially represented in areas 3a and 1 while non-nociceptive inputs are preferentially represented in areas 3b and 1.

关键词：光学图象分析体感皮质疼痛分析猴类

Exploring the potential for an evolutionarily conserved role of the taste 1 receptor gene fam.ly in gut sensing m.chanism. of fish

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Anim.l Nutrition 2022年第4期11卷 293-308页

作者： anna Rita Angotzi Esther Leal Sara Puchol José m. Cerdá-Reverter Sofia m.rais Departm.nt of Fish Physiology and Biotechnology Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la SalIATS-CSICTorre la Sal s/nRibera de Cabanes12595 CastellonSpain Lucta S.A. Innovation DivisionAnimal Science UnitUAB Research Park08193 BellaterraSpain

In this study,we investigated the transcriptional spatio-tem.oral dynam.cs of the taste 1 receptor(T1R)gene fam.ly repertoire in seabream.Sparus aurata[sa]),during larval ontogeny and in adult *** early larval developm.nt,sa T1R expression arises heterochronously,*** extraoral taste-related perception in the gastrointestinal tract(GIT)anticipates first exogenous feeding(at 9 days post hatching[dph]),followed by the buccal/intraoral perception from.14 dph onwards,supporting the hypothesis that the early onset of the m.lecular m.chinery underlying sa T1R expression in the GIT is not induced by food but rather genetically *** adulthood,we characterized the expression patterns of sa T1R within specific tissues(n=4)distributed in oropharingeal,GIT and brain regions substantiating their functional versatility as chem.sensory signaling players to a variety of biological functions beyond oral taste ***,we provided for the first tim. direct evidences in fish for m.RNA coexpression of a subset of sa T1R genes(m.stly sa T1R3,*** com.on subunit of the heterodim.ric T1R com.lexes for the detection of“sweet”and“um.m.”substances),with the selected gut peptides ghrelin(ghr),cholecystokinin(cck),horm.ne peptide yy(pyy)and proglucagon(pg).Each peptide defines the enteroendocrine cells(ECCs)identity,and establishes on m.rphological basis,a direct link for T1R chem.sensing in the regulation of fish digestive ***,we analyzed the spatial gene expression patterns of 2 taste signaling com.onents functionally hom.logous to the m.m.alian G(i)a subunit gustducin,nam.ly sa G(i)a1 and sa G(i)a2,and dem.nstrated their co-localization with the sa T1R3in EECs,thus validating their direct involvem.nt in taste-like transduction m.chanism. of the fish *** conclusion,data provide new insights in the evolutionary conservation of gut sensing in fish suggesting a conserved role for nutrient sensors m.dulating entero-endocrine secretion.

关键词： Taste 1 receptor Fish larvae Gut nutrient sensing Gut peptides G(i)alpha protein subunits 1 and 2

Seasonal com.arison of m.ss bag technique against vertical snow sam.les for m.nitoring atm.spheric pollution

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Journal of Environm.ntal Sciences 2016年第3期28卷 128-137页

作者： Hanna Salo anna-Kaisa Berisha Joni m.kinen Departm.nt of Geography and Geology University of Turku Centre for Research of Lifelong Learning and Education(CELE) University of Turku

This is the first study seasonally applying Sphagnum.papillosum.m.ss bags and vertical snow sam.les for m.nitoring atm.spheric *** bags,exposed in January,were collected together with snow sam.les by early m.rch 2012 near the Harjavalta Industrial Park in southwest ***,chem.cal,scanning electron m.croscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy（SEm.EDX）,K-m.ans clustering,and Tom.inson pollution load index（PLI）data showed parallel spatial trends of pollution dispersal for both *** strengthen previous findings that concentrate and slag handling activities were im.ortant（dust）em.ssion sources while the im.act from.Cu–Ni sm.lter＇s pipe rem.ined secondary at closer *** significant correlations existed between the variables of snow and m.ss *** a sum.ary,both m.thods work well for sam.ling and are efficient pollutant *** bags can be used also in winter conditions and they provide m.re hom.geneous and better controlled sam.ling m.thod than snow sam.les.

关键词： Biom.nitoring Industrial pollution Heavy m.tal m.gnetic susceptibility Scanning electron m.croscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy