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Presepsin as a biomarker of bacterial translocation and an indicator for the prescription of probiotics in cirrhosis

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第5期16卷 822-831页

作者： Irina Efremova Roman Maslennikov Elena Poluektova Oleg Medvedev anna Kudryavtseva George Krasnov Maria Fedorova Filipp Romanikhin Maria Zharkova Oxana Zolnikova Gyunay Bagieva Vladimir Ivashkin Department of Internal Medicine Gastroenterology and HepatologySechenov UniversityMoscow 119435Russia Department of Scientific Scientific Community for the Promotion of the Clinical Study of the Human MicrobiomeMoscow 119435Russia Department of Pharmacology Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscow 119192Russia Department of Post-Genomic Research Laboratory Engelhardt Institute of Molecular BiologyRussian Academy of SciencesMoscow 119991Russia

BACKGROUND The gut–liver axis and bacterial translocation are important in cirrhosis,but there is no available universal biomarker of cellular bacterial translocation,for which presepsin may be a *** To evaluate the relationship of the blood presepsin levels with the state of the gut microbiota in cirrhosis in the absence of obvious *** This study included 48 patients with Child–Pugh cirrhosis classes B and C and 15 healthy *** fecal microbiome was assessed using 16S rRNA gene *** levels of presepsin were measured.A total of 22 patients received a probiotic(Saccharomyces boulardii)for 3 *** Presepsin levels were higher in patients with cirrhosis than in healthy individuals[342(91-2875)vs 120(102-141)pg/mL;P=0.048].Patients with elevated presepsin levels accounted for 56.3%of all included *** had lower levels of serum albumin and higher levels of serum total bilirubin and overall severity of cirrhosis as assessed using the Child–Pugh *** with elevated presepsin levels had an increased abundance of the main taxa responsible for bacterial translocation,namely Bacilli and Proteobacteria(including the main class Gammaproteobacteria and the minor taxa Xanthobacteraceae and Stenotrophomonas),and a low abundance of bacteria from the family Lachnospiraceae(including the minor genus Fusicatenibacter),which produce short-chain fatty acids that have a positive effect on intestinal barrier *** presepsin level directly correlated with the relative abundance of Bacilli,Proteobacteria,and inversely correlated with the abundance of Lachnospiraceae and *** 3 months of taking the probiotic,the severity of cirrhosis on the Child–Pugh scale decreased significantly only in the group with elevated presepsin levels[from 9(8-11)to 7(6-9);P=0.004],while there were no significant changes in the group with normal presepsin levels[from 8(7-8)to 7(6-8);P=0.123].A high level of presepsin

关键词： Dysbiosis Gut Intestinal permeability Leaky gut Gut-liver axis Liver Microbiota

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Identification of druggable host dependency factors shared by multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2024年第3期16卷 9-23页

作者： Ilaria Frasson Linda Diamante Manuela Zangrossi Elena Carbognin anna Dalla Pietà Alessandro Penna Antonio Rosato Ranieri Verin Filippo Torrigiani Cristiano Salata Marìa Paula Dizanzo Lorenzo Vaccaro Davide Cacchiarelli Sara N.Richter Marco Montagner Graziano Martello Department of Molecular Medicine University of PaduaPadua 35121Italy Department of Biology Armenise/Harvard Pluripotent Stem Cell Biology LaboratoryUniversity of PaduaPadua 35131Italy Department of Surgery Oncology and GastroenterologyUniversity of PaduaPadua 35128Italy Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS Padua 35128Italy Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science University of PaduaPadua 35020Italy Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine(TIGEM) Armenise/Harvard Laboratory of Integrative GenomicsPozzuoli 80078Italy Department of Translational Medicine University of Naples Federico IINaples 80138Italy School for Advanced Studies Genomics and Experimental Medicine ProgramUniversity of Naples Federico IINaples 80138Italy Microbiology and Virology Unit Padua University HospitalPadua 35128Italy

The high mutation rate of SARS-CoV-2 leads to the emergence of multiple variants,some of which are resistant to vaccines and drugs targeting viral *** host dependency factors,*** proteins required for viral replication,would help prevent the development of ***,it remains unclear whether different SARS-CoV-2 variants induce conserved cellular responses and exploit the same core host *** this end,we compared three variants of concern and found that the host transcriptional response was conserved,differing only in kinetics and *** regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats screening identified host genes required for each variant during *** of the genes were shared by multiple *** validated our hits with small molecules and repurposed the US Food and Drug Administration-approved *** the drugs were highly active against all the tested variants,including new variants that emerged during the study(Delta and Omicron).Mechanistically,we identified reactive oxygen species production as a key step in early viral *** such as N-acetyl cysteine(NAC)were effective against all the variants in both human lung cells and a humanized mouse *** study supports the use of available antioxidant drugs,such as NAC,as a general and effective anti-COVID-19 approach.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern host dependency factors antivirals N-acetyl cysteine

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Key challenges of post-liver transplant weight management

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第4期14卷 29-37页

作者： Maja Cigrovski Berkovic ViborŠeša Ivan Balen Quirino Lai Hrvoje Silovski anna Mrzljak Department for Sport and Exercise Medicine University of ZagrebFaculty of KinesiologyZagreb 10000Croatia Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University Hospital Centre ZagrebZagreb 10000Croatia Department of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology General Hospital“Dr.Josip Bencevic”Slavonski Brod 35000Croatia General Surgery and Organ Transplantation Unit Department of SurgerySapienza University of RomeRome 00018Italy Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Transplantation University Hospital Center ZagrebZagreb 10000Croatia Department of Medicine University of ZagrebSchool of MedicineZagreb 10000Croatia

Liver transplantation serves as a life-saving intervention for patients with endstage liver disease,yet long-term survival remains a ***-liver transplant obesity seems to have a significant contribution to this challenge and it emerges as a significant risk factor for graft steatosis,metabolic syndrome and denovo malignancy *** review synthesizes current literature on prevalence,risk factors and management strategies for post-liver transplant obesity,emphasizing its impact on graft and patient *** review consultation was conducted in Medline/PubMed,SciELO and EMBASE,with the combination of the following keywords:Weight management,liver transplantation,immunosuppressive therapy,lifestyle interventions,bariatric *** therapy has a significant influence on long-term survival of liver transplant patients,yet it seems to have lesser effect on post-transplant obesity development than previously ***,it significantly contributes to the development of other components of metabolic *** predisposing factors for post-transplant obesity development encompass elevated recipient and donor body mass index,a history of alcoholic liver disease,hepatocellular carcinoma,male gender,the absence of cellular rejection and the marital status of the *** immunosuppressive regimens,pharmacotherapy,lifestyle interventions and bariatric surgery represent key components in mitigating post-transplant obesity and improving long-term survival and quality of life in this group of *** identification and intervention thus hold paramount *** research is warranted to refine optimal management strategies and enhance outcomes in this patient population.

关键词： Weight management Liver transplantation Immunosuppressive therapy Lifestyle interventions Bariatric surgery

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Genitourinary tumors and liver transplantation: A comprehensive review

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第3期14卷 52-58页

作者： Vibor Sesa Hrvoje Silovski Nikolina Basic-Jukic Iva Kosuta Maja Sremac anna Mrzljak Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University Hospital Center ZagrebZagreb 10000Croatia Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Transplantation University Hospital Center ZagrebZagreb 10000Croatia Department of Medicine School of MedicineZagreb 10000Croatia Department of Nephrology Arterial hypertensionDialysis and TransplantationUniversity Hospital Center ZagrebZagreb 10000Croatia Department of Intensive Care Medicine University Hospital Center ZagrebZagreb 10000Croatia

Liver transplantation is as a crucial therapeutic option for patients with end-stage liver disease,but the persistent organ shortage emphasizes a need to explore unconventional donor sources,including individuals with a history of *** review investigates the viability of liver donation from individuals with current or past genitourinary malignancies,focusing on renal,prostate and urinary bladder *** rising incidence of urogenital malignancies among potential donors is thought to result from increasing donor *** of transmission risks reveals low rates of donor-derived cancer transmission,partic-ularly for early-stage renal and prostate *** with a history of genitourinary malignancy pose complex challenges regarding post-transplant immunosuppression and cancer ***,the evidence suggests acceptable outcomes can be achieved with careful patient selection and tailored management *** for pre-transplant evaluation and post-transplant surveillance are discussed,highlighting the need for individualized approaches in this patient *** prospective studies are warranted to refine guidelines and optimize outcomes in liver transplantation for patients with genitourinary malignancies.

关键词： Liver transplantation Genitourinary malignancies Donor-transmitted cancer Malignancy recurrence Immunosuppression

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Whole-eye transplantation: Current challenges and future perspectives

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第2期14卷 28-39页

作者： anna Scarabosio Pier Luigi Surico Vlad Tereshenko Rohan Bir Singh Carlo Salati Leopoldo Spadea Glenda Caputo Pier Camillo Parodi Caterina Gagliano Jonathan M Winograd Marco Zeppieri Department of Plastic Surgery University Hospital of UdineUdine 33100Italy Department of Plastic Surgery Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02114United States Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02114United States Department of Ophthalmology University Hospital of UdineUdine 33100Italy Eye Clinic Policlinico Umberto I"Sapienza"University of RomeRome 00142Italy Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Enna"Kore"Enna 94100Italy Eye Clinic Catania University San Marco Hospital Viale Carlo Azeglio Ciampi 95121 CataniaItaly

Whole-eye transplantation emerges as a frontier in ophthalmology,promising a transformative approach to irreversible *** advancements,formidable challenges *** of donor eye viability post-enucleation necessitates meticulous surgical techniques to optimize retinal integrity and ganglion cell *** the inhibitory milieu of the central nervous system for successful optic nerve regeneration remains elusive,prompting the exploration of neurotrophic support and immunomodulatory *** tolerance,paramount for graft acceptance,confronts the distinc-tive immunogenicity of ocular tissues,driving research into targeted immunosup-pression *** and legal considerations underscore the necessity for stringent standards and ethical *** collaboration and ongoing research endeavors are imperative to navigate these ***,stem cell therapies,and precision immunomodulation represent promising avenues in this ***,the aim of this review is to critically assess the current landscape of whole-eye transplantation,elucidating the challenges and advancements while delineating future directions for research and clinical *** concerted efforts,whole-eye transplantation stands to revolu-tionize ophthalmic care,offering hope for restored vision and enhanced quality of life for those afflicted with blindness.

关键词： Eye Transplantation Optic nerve Nerve regeneration Immunological tolerance

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Antioxidant treatment for oligoasthenoteratozoospermia and varicocele:a DBPC trial to evaluate the impact of age and body mass index

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2024年第3期26卷 239-244页

作者： Gian Maria Busetto Bernarde F Rodrigues Ashraf Virmani Andrea Checchia Antonella Ninivaggi anna Ricapito Giovanni Barbieri Piero Fischetti Ugo G Falagario Pasquale Annese Nicola d’Altilia Vito Mancini Matteo Ferro Felice Crocetto Angelo Porreca Carlo Bettocchi Luigi Cormio Ashok Agarwal Giuseppe Carrieri University of Foggia Foggia 71122Italy Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation Policlinico of FoggiaFoggia 71122Italy Department of Urology Human Reproduction SectionFederal University of Sao PauloSao Paulo 05403-000Brazil Alfasigma Healthscience Utrecht 3528 BGThe Netherlands Urology Unit “G.Tatarella”HospitalCerignola 71042Italy Urology Unit European Institute of Oncology(IEO)IRCCSMilan 20142Italy University of Naples Federico II Naples80126Italy Department of Oncological Urology Veneto Institute of Oncology(IOV)IRCCSPadua 35039Italy Urology Unit “L.Bonomo”HospitalAndria 70031Italy Global Andrology Forum Moreland HillsOH 44022USA

Oxidative stress is one of the main mechanisms responsible for male *** conditions such as varicocele,obesity,advanced age,and lifestyle can lead to an increase in reactive oxygen species,causing an oxidative imbalance in the *** are sensitive to reactive oxygen species and require energy to carry out their main function of fertilizingthe *** reactive oxygen species can affect sperm metabolism,leading to immobility,impaired acrosome reaction,and celldeath,thereby impairing reproductive *** double-blind randomized study evaluated the effect of supplementation withL-carnitine,acetyl-L-carnitine,vitamins,and other nutrients on semen quality in 104 infertile patients with or without varicocele,while also investigating the impact of factors such as obesity and advanced age on *** concentration significantlyincreased in the supplemented group compared to the placebo group(P=0.0186).Total sperm count also significantly increasedin the supplemented group(P=0.0117),as did sperm motility(P=0.0120).The treatment had a positive effect on patients upto 35 years of age in terms of sperm concentration(P=0.0352),while a body mass index(BMI)above 25 kg m^(−2) had a negativeeffect on sperm concentration(P=0.0110).Results were not showing a net benefit in stratifying patients in accordance withtheir BMI since sperm quality increase was not affected by this *** conclusion,antioxidant supplementation may bebeneficial for infertile patients and has a more positive effect on younger patients with a normal weight.

关键词： aging antioxidants body mass index oligoasthenoteratozoospermia varicocele

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Recent advances in the understanding and management of chronic pancreatitis pain

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Journal of Pancreatology 2024年第1期7卷 35-44页

作者： Jessica Walker Olivia L.Babyok Jami L.Saloman anna Evans Phillips Department of Internal Medicine University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPAUnited States Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionDepartment of MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUnited States Center for Pain Research Center for NeuroscienceSchool of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUnited States

Abdominal pain is the most common symptom of chronic pancreatitis(CP)and is often debilitating for patients and very difficult to *** date,there exists no cure for the *** strategies focus on symptom management and on mitigation of disease progression by reducing toxin exposure and avoiding recurrent inflammatory *** treatment protocols start with medical management followed by consideration of procedural or surgical intervention on selected patients with severe and persistent *** incorporation of adjuvant therapies to treat comorbidities including psychiatric disorders,exocrine pancreatic insufficiency,mineral bone disease,frailty,and malnutrition,are in its early *** clinical studies and animal models have been designed to improve investigation into the pathophysiology of CP pain,as well as to improve pain *** the array of tools available,many therapeutic options for the management of CP pain provide incomplete *** still remains much to discover about the neural regulation of pancreas-related *** this review,we will discuss research from the last 5 years that has provided new insights into novel methods of pain phenotyping and the pathophysiology of CP *** discoveries have led to improvements in patient selection for optimization of outcomes for both medical and procedural management,and identification of potential future therapies.

关键词： Central sensitization Chronic pancreatitis Pain phenotyping Peripheral sensitization

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可以放在鞋盒中的数据中心

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科技纵览 2024年第6期 38-43,4页

作者： anna Herr Quentin Herr Imec

比利时微电子研究中心计划利用超导缩小计算机。科学家预测,到2040年,计算消耗的电力将占全球总量的50%。这一预测是在生成式人工智能爆发之前作出的。过去十多年来,训练大型人工智能模型所需的计算资源大约每6个月就会翻一番。按照这... 详细信息

比利时微电子研究中心计划利用超导缩小计算机。科学家预测,到2040年,计算消耗的电力将占全球总量的50%。这一预测是在生成式人工智能爆发之前作出的。过去十多年来,训练大型人工智能模型所需的计算资源大约每6个月就会翻一番。按照这个速度,到2030年,训练一个人工智能模型所需的计算资源将是当前十大超级计算机年度所需资源之和的100倍。简而言之,计算需要的巨大电力能源,很快将超出地球所能提供的范围。

关键词：数据中心超级计算机人工智能计算资源电力能源微电子生成式计算消耗

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Low-grade myofibrosarcoma of the maxillary sinus:Two case reports

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2024年第4期15卷 566-575页

作者： anna Mydlak ŁukaszŚcibik Monika Durzynska Jakub Zwoliński Karolina Buchajska Olga Lenartowicz Jakub Kucharz Department of Head and Neck Cancer Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of OncologyWarsaw 02-781Poland Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Oncological Surgery The 5th Military Clinical Hospital with PolyclinicKrakow 30-901Poland Department of Pathology Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of OncologyWarsaw 02-781Poland Department of Genitourinary Oncology Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of OncologyWarsaw 02-781Poland

BACKGROUND Low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma(LGMS)is an extremely rare tumor characterized by the malignant proliferation of *** most commonly develops in adults,predominantly in males,in the head and neck region,oral cavity,especially on the tongue,mandible,and *** article presents 2 cases of LGMS localized to the maxillary sinus and provides an overview of the available *** SUMMARY Two patients with LGMS located in the maxillary sinus underwent surgery at the Department of Head and Neck *** 1:A 46-year-old patient was admitted to the clinic with suspected LGMS recurrence in the right maxillary sinus(rT4aN0M0),with symptoms of pain in the suborbital area,watering of the right eye,thick discharge from the right nostril,and augmented facial *** open biopsy-confirmed LGMS,the patient underwent expanded maxillectomy of the right side with immediate palate reconstruction using a microvascular skin flap harvested surgically from the middle *** patient qualified for adjuvant radiotherapy for the postoperative bed,with an additional ***,the patient is under 1.5 years of observation with no evidence of *** 2:A 45-year-old man was admitted to our clinic with facial asymmetry,strabismus,exophthalmos,and visual impairment in the right *** months earlier,the patient had undergone partial jaw resection at another hospital for fibromatosis.A contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan revealed a tumor mass in the postoperative log after an earlier *** open biopsy confirmed lowgrade fibrosarcoma(rT4aN0M0).The patient qualified for an extended total right maxillectomy with orbital excision and right hemimandibulectomy with immediate microvascular reconstruction using an anterolateral thigh *** patient subsequently underwent adjuvant radiotherapy to the postoperative *** 9 months,recurrence occurred in the right mandibular arch below the irradiated *** lesion infiltrated t

关键词： Head and neck cancer Paranasal sinuses Maxillary sinus Sarcoma Low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma Case report

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利益诉求与实践逻辑:冰球场域多元主体行为研究

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沈阳体育学院学报 2024年第1期43卷 71-77页

作者：李安娜霍震沈阳师范大学体育科学学院辽宁沈阳110034

基于场域理论视角,运用参与式观察和半结构式访谈的质性研究方法,对S市冰球场域中多元主体的利益诉求与实践逻辑进行分析。研究认为:冰球场域中多元主体不同的利益诉求产生特定的实践逻辑。地方政府的利益诉求表现为政绩与平稳,凭借政... 详细信息

基于场域理论视角,运用参与式观察和半结构式访谈的质性研究方法,对S市冰球场域中多元主体的利益诉求与实践逻辑进行分析。研究认为:冰球场域中多元主体不同的利益诉求产生特定的实践逻辑。地方政府的利益诉求表现为政绩与平稳,凭借政治资本占据场域的主导权,生成支配惯习和行政干预逻辑;占据经济资本、文化资本和社会资本的冰球俱乐部、教练员和学员家长在场域中处于弱势地位,是场域规则的被动执行者,话语权有限。政策执行存在利益冲突、行动主体独立性缺失、地方政府行为异化成为制约S市冰球运动高质量发展的主要因素,其推动路径在于重建场域秩序、发挥协会作用、重塑政府惯习。

关键词：利益诉求场域资本惯习冰球

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