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Evolving concepts in bone infection: redefining “biofilm”,“acute vs. chronic osteomyelitis”, “the immune proteome” and “local antibiotic therapy”

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Bone Research 2019年第3期7卷 225-242页

作者： Elysia A. Masters Ryan P. Trombetta Karen L. de Mesy Bentley Brendan F Boyce ann lindley gill Steven R. gill Kohei Nishitani Masahiro Ishikawa Yugo Morita Hiromu Ito Sheila N. Bello-Irizarry Mark Ninomiya James D. Brodell Jr. Charles C. Lee Stephanie P. Hao Irvin Oh Chao Xie Hani A. Awad John L. Daiss John R. Owen Stephen L. Kates Edward M. Schwarz Gowrishankar Muthukrishnan Center for Musculoskeletal Research University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY USA Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY USA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY USA Department of Orthopaedics University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY USA Department of Microbiology & Immunology University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY USA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Kyoto University Kyoto Japan Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center Richmond VA USA

Osteomyelitis is a devastating disease caused by microbial infection of bone. While the frequency of infection following elective orthopedic surgery is low, rates of reinfection are disturbingly high. Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for the majority of chronic osteomyelitis cases and is often considered to be incurable due to bacterial persistence deep within bone. Unfortunately, there is no consensus on clinical classifications of osteomyelitis and the ensuing treatment algorithm. Given the high patient morbidity,mortality, and economic burden caused by osteomyelitis, it is important to elucidate mechanisms of bone infection to inform novel strategies for prevention and curative treatment. Recent discoveries in this field have identified three distinct reservoirs of bacterial biofilm including: Staphylococcal abscess communities in the local soft tissue and bone marrow, glycocalyx formation on implant hardware and necrotic tissue, and colonization of the osteocyte-lacuno canalicular network(OLCN) of cortical bone. In contrast, *** intracellular persistence in bone cells has not been substantiated in vivo, which challenges this mode of chronic osteomyelitis. There have also been major advances in our understanding of the immune proteome against S. aureus, from clinical studies of serum antibodies and media enriched for newly synthesized antibodies(MENSA), which may provide new opportunities for osteomyelitis diagnosis, prognosis, and vaccine development. Finally, novel therapies such as antimicrobial implant coatings and antibiotic impregnated 3D-printed scaffolds represent promising strategies for preventing and managing this devastating disease. Here, we review these recent advances and highlight translational opportunities towards a cure.

关键词： disease caused by soft tissue necrotic tissuel

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Virtual reality for immersive multi-user firefighter-training scenarios

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Virtual Reality & Intelligent Hardware 2022年第5期4卷 406-417页

作者： Philipp BRAUN Michaela GRAFELMann Felix gill Hauke STOLZ Johannes HINCKELDEYN ann-Kathrin LANGE Hamburg University of Technology Hamburg 21073Germany

Background Virtual reality(VR)applications can be used to provide comprehensive training scenarios that are difficult or impossible to represent in physical *** includes team training for emergency services such as *** a high level of immersion is essential for achieving effective virtual *** this respect,motion-capture systems offer the possibility of creating highly immersive multi-user training experiences,including full-body *** This study presents a preliminary prototype that helps extin-guish a virtual fire on a container ship as a VR training *** prototype provides a full-body and multi-user VR experience based on the synthesis of position data provided by the motion-capture system and orientation data from the VR ***,the prototype facilitates an initial evaluation of the *** The results confirm the value of using VR for training procedures that are difficult to implement in the real ***,the results show that motion-capture-based VR technologies are particularly useful for firefighting training,in which participants can collaborate in difficult-to-access ***,this study also indicates that increasing the immersion in such training remains a *** This study presents a prototypical VR application that enables the multi-user training of maritime *** research should evaluate the initial results,provide more extensive training scenarios,and measure the training progress.

关键词： Virtual reality Multi-user Motion capture Training Firefighting

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Short turn radius colonoscope in an anatomical model: Retroflexed withdrawal and detection of hidden polyps

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第2期21卷 593-599页

作者： Sarah K Mc gill Shivangi Kothari Shai Friedland ann Chen Walter G Park Subhas Banerjee Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA 94305United States

AIM: To evaluate the new Retro View^(TM) colonoscope and compare its ability to detect simulated polyps "hidden" behind colonic folds with that of a conventional colonoscope, utilizing anatomic colon ***: Three anatomic colon models were prepared,with twelve simulated polyps "hidden" behind haustral folds and five placed in easily viewed locations in each model. Five blinded endoscopists examined two colon models in random order with the conventional or Retro View^(TM) colonoscope, utilizing standard withdrawal technique. The third colon model was then examined with the Retro View^(TM) colonoscope withdrawn initially in retroflexion and then in standard withdrawal. Polyp detection rates during standard and retroflexed withdrawal of the conventional and Retro View^(TM) colonoscopes were determined. Polyp detection rates for combined standard and retroflexed withdrawal(combination withdrawal) with the Retro View^(TM) colonoscope were also ***: For hidden polyps, retroflexed withdrawal using the Retro View^(TM) colonoscope detected more polyps than the conventional colonoscope in standard withdrawal(85% vs 12%, P = 0.0001). For hidden polyps, combination withdrawal with the Retro View^(TM) colonoscope detected more polyps than the conventional colonoscope in standard withdrawal(93% vs 12%, P ≤ 0.0001). The Retro View^(TM) colonoscope in "combination withdrawal" was superior to other methods in detecting all(hidden + easily visible) polyps, with successful detection of 80 of 85 polyps(94%) compared to 28(32%) polyps detected by the conventional colonoscope in standard withdrawal(P < 0.0001) and 67(79%) polyps detected by the Retro View^(TM) colonoscope in retroflexed withdrawal alone(P < 0.01). Continuous withdrawal of the colonoscope through the colon model while retroflexed was achieved by all endoscopists. In a post-test survey, four out of five colonoscopists reported that manipulation of the colonoscope was easy or very ***: In

关键词： Colonoscopy Adenoma detection Polyp detection Colo

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Circulating immune cell landscape in patients who had mild ischaemic stroke

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2022年第4期7卷 319-327,I0020-I0022页

作者： Young-Eun Cho Hyangkyu Lee Heekyong R.Bae Hyungsuk Kim Sijung Yun Rany Vorn ann Cashion Mary Jo Rucker Mariam Afzal Lawrence Latour Jessica gill College of Nursing The University of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA National Institute of Nursing Research National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute College of NursingYonsei UniversitySeoulSouth Korea National Eye Institute National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA Predictiv Care IncSunnyvaleCaliforniaUSA School of Nursing Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA College of Nursing University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTennesseeUSA Suburban Hospital BethesdaMarylandUSA National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA

Introduction Patients who had a mild ischaemic stroke who present with subtle or resolving symptoms sometimes go undiagnosed,are excluded from treatment and in some cases clinically *** immune cells are potential biomarkers that can assist with diagnosis in ischaemic *** the transcriptomic changes of each cell population caused by ischaemic stroke is critical because they work closely in a complicated *** this study,we investigated peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)transcriptomics of patients who had a stroke using a single-cell RNA sequencing to understand peripheral immune response after mild stroke based on the gene expression in an unbiased *** Transcriptomes of PBMCsfrom 10 patients who had an acute ischaemic stroke within 24 hours after stroke onset were compared with 9 race-matched/age-matched/gender-matched *** PBMCs were prepared with ddSeqTM(Illumina-BioRad)and sequenced on the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 *** Notable population changes were observed in patients who had a stroke,especially in NK cells and CD14+*** number of NK cells was increased,which was further confirmed by flow *** analysis implied that the activity of NK cells also is enhanced in patients who had a ***14+monocytes were clustered into two groups;dendritic cell-related CD14+monocytes and NK cell-related CD14+*** found CD14+monocyte subclusters were dramatically reduced in patients who had a *** This is the first study demonstrating the increased number of NK cells and new monocyte subclusters of mild ischaemic stroke based on the transcriptomic *** findings provide the dynamics of circulating immune response that could assist diagnosis and potential therapeutic development of mild ischaemic stroke.

关键词： patients diagnosis Circulating

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Are EPB41 and alpha-synuclein diagnostic biomarkers of sport-related concussion?Findings from the NCAA and Department of Defense CARE Consortium

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2023年第3期12卷 379-387页

作者： Rany Vorn Christina Devoto Timothy B.Meier Chen Lai Sijung Yun Steven P.Broglio Sara Mithani Thomas W.McAllister Christopher C.Giza Hyung-Suk Kim Daniel Huber Jaroslaw Harezlak Kenneth L.Cameron Gerald McGinty Jonathan Jackson Kevin M.Guskiewicz Jason P.Mihalik Alison Brooks Stefan Duma Steven Rowson Lindsay D.Nelson Paul Pasquina Michael A.McCrea Jessica M.gill the CARE Consortium Investigators Johns Hopkins School of Nursing and Medicine BaltimoreMD 21205USA National Institutes of Health BethesdaMD 20892USA Department of Neurosurgery Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI 53226USA Predictiv Care Inc.Mountain ViewCA 94086USA Michigan Concussion Center University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Department of Psychiatry Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN 46202USA Departments of Pediatrics and Neurosurgery University of California at Los Angeles(UCLA)Los AngelesCA 90024USA Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health–Bloomington Indiana UniversityBloomingtonIN 47405USA John A.Feagin Sports Medicine Fellowship Keller Army Community HospitalWest PointNY 10996USA United States Air Force Academy Colorado SpringsCO 80840USA Mathew Gfeller Center Department of Exercise and Sport ScienceUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27514USA Department of Orthopedics Division of Sports MedicineSchool of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWI 53705USA Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics Virginia TechBlacksburgVA 24061USA Center for Neuroscience&Regenerative Medicine Uniformed Services UniversityBethesdaMD 20814USA 不详 Current affiliation:School of Nursing University of Texas Health Science Center San AntonioSan AntonioTX 78229USA

Background:Current protein biomarkers are only moderately predictive at identifying individuals with mild traumatic brain injury or ***,more accurate diagnostic markers are needed for sport-related ***:This was a multicenter,prospective,case-control study of athletes who provided blood samples and were diagnosed with a concussion or were a matched non-concussed control within the National Collegiate Athletic Association-Department of Defense Concussion Assessment,Research,and Education Consortium conducted between 2015 and *** blood was collected within 48 h of injury to identify protein abnormalities at the acute and subacute *** with concussion were divided into 6 h post-injury(0-6 h post-injury)and after 6 h postinjury(7-48 h post-injury)*** applied a highly multiplexed proteomic technique that used a DNA aptamers assay to target 1305proteins in plasma samples from athletes with and without sport-related ***:A total of 140 athletes with concussion(79.3%males;aged 18.71±1.10 years,mean±SD)and 21 non-concussed athletes(76.2%males;19.14±1.10 years)were included in this *** identified 338 plasma proteins that significantly differed in abundance(319 upregulated and 19 downregulated)in concussed athletes compared to non-concussed *** top 20 most differentially abundant proteins discriminated concussed athletes from non-concussed athletes with an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.954(95%confidence interval:0.922-0.986).Specifically,after 6 h of injury,the individual AUC of plasma erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1(EPB41)and alpha-synuclein(SNCA)were 0.956 and 0.875,*** combination of EPB41 and SNCA provided the best AUC(1.000),which suggests this combination of candidate plasma biomarkers is the best for diagnosing concussion in athletes after 6 h of ***:Our data suggest that proteomic profiling may provide novel diagnostic protein markers and that a combina

关键词： Biomarkers College athletes Concussion Mild traumatic brain injury Sport injury

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不同程度肩峰下撞击综合征的临床检查准确性

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骨科动态 2006年第2期2卷 65-73页

作者： HYUNG BIN PARK ATSUSHI YOKOTA HARPREET S. gill GEORGE EL RASSI EDWARD G. MCFARLAND 王蕾（译） Investigation peorformed at the Division of Sports Medicine and Shoulder Surgery Department of Orthopaedic Surgery The Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland 上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院骨科 200025

背景：已经有多种检查方法用于诊断肩袖疾病，但尚缺乏它们用于诊断单纯滑囊炎、肩袖部分撕裂及全层撕裂方面的研究。本研究假设肩袖损伤的严重程度可影响常用临床检查方法的诊断价值。方法：三种不同程度的肩袖损伤，即滑囊炎、肩袖部... 详细信息

背景：已经有多种检查方法用于诊断肩袖疾病，但尚缺乏它们用于诊断单纯滑囊炎、肩袖部分撕裂及全层撕裂方面的研究。本研究假设肩袖损伤的严重程度可影响常用临床检查方法的诊断价值。方法：三种不同程度的肩袖损伤，即滑囊炎、肩袖部分撕裂和肩袖全层撕裂，通过八项物理检查方法（Neer撞击征、Hawkins-Kennedy撞击征、疼痛弧征、冈上肌肌力试验、Speed试验、交叉内收试验、坠臂试验和冈下肌肌力试验）来评价它们的诊断价值，以似然比和验后概率作为评价指标。并用前向逐步logistic回归分析法确定诊断不同程度撞击征的最佳组合检查。结果：八项检查方法的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和总体准确性差异非常大。Hawkins-Kennedy撞击征、疼痛弧征和冈下肌肌力试验的组合对各种程度撞击征的验后概率最高（95％），疼痛弧征、坠臂征和冈下肌肌力试验组合对肩袖全层撕裂的验后概率最高（91％）。结论：撞击征的严重程度影响这些常用临床检查方法的诊断价值。评估肩袖损伤患者的病情时，应考虑这些检查方法准确性的差异。

关键词：临床检查方法肩峰下撞击综合征 logistic回归分析法肩袖全层撕裂诊断价值肩袖疾病验后概率严重程度

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