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Origin and Distribution of Grain Dolostone Reservoirs in the Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation,Sichuan Basin,China

Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2017年第1期91卷 204-218页

作者： shen anjiang HU Anping PAN Liyin SHE Min Petrochina Hangzhou Research Institute of Geology Hangzhou 310023 Zhejiang China Key Laboratory of Carbonate Reservoirs CNPC Hangzhou 310023 Zhejiang China

Dolostones in the Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation have become one of the most significant gas exploration domains in China. Over a trillion cubic meters of gas reservoirs have been discovered in the Gaoshiti-Moxi area; however, the origins and distribution of the dolostone reservoirs are not well understood. This work discussed the geology and geochemistry of the dolostone reservoirs in the Longwangmiao Formation to determine their origin and distribution. Two understandings are acquired： firstly, a carbonate ramp provided excellent conditions for grain beach deposition, while the presence of a hypersaline lake was favorable for the contemporaneous dolomitization of grain beach deposits. Petrographic and geochemical evidence further confirm that the Longwangmiao dolostone was formed during the contemporaneous stage. Secondly, the reservoir characteristics indicate that the grain beach sediments provide material basis for the development of the Longwangmiao dolostone reservoirs. Reservoir dissolution simulation experiments show that the porosity of the reservoirs was formed by dissolution during contemporaneous and burial stages. The dissolution pores formed during the contemporaneous stage were controlled by sequence interfaces. The large scale dissolution vugs formed during the burial stage subsequently spread along the pre-existing porosity and fracture zones. This study therefore identified that the development of grain dolostone reservoirs in a shallow water ramp under arid climatic conditions generally met the following conditions：（1） reefal beach deposits lay a foundation for reservoir development;（2） superficial conditions are an important determining factor for reservoir porosity; and（3） burial conditions provide environment for porosity preservation and modification.

关键词： Sichuan Basin Longwangmiao Formation grain dolostone meteoric dissolution buried dissolution origin of reservoir distribution of reservoir

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Development and preservation mechanism of deep and ultra-deep carbonate reservoirs

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第11期67卷 3367-3385页

作者： anjiang shen Anping HU Zhanfeng QIAO Jianfeng ZHENG Min SHE Liyin PAN Key Laboratory of Carbonate Reservoir CNPCHangzhou 310023China State Energy Key Laboratory of Carbonate Oil and Gas Hangzhou 310023China PetroChina Hangzhou Research Institute of Geology Hangzhou 310023China

Exploration practice has proved that deep and ultra-deep reservoirs consist of mainly matrix-porous dolomite reservoirs and fractured-vuggy karst reservoirs and still will be very important targets for future exploration, in which large oil and gas fields such as Anyue, Yuanba, Halahatang, Fuman and Shunbei have been discovered. This paper systematically summarizes three theoretical and technical achievements in studying deep and ultra-deep carbonate reservoirs in the past decade.(1) The micro-zone and multi-parameter experiment analysis technology featured by determining the “age, temperature, pressure and fluid properties” of carbonate reservoirs, together with experimental simulation of cross-tectonic-period pore formation and preservation featured by the “multi-stage, continuous, visualized and online detection technology”, providing useful tools for studying the pore formation and preservation mechanism of deep and ultra-deep carbonate rocks from the perspective of“forward” and “inversion”.(2) Deep and ultra-deep matrix-porous dolostone reservoirs are still controlled by sedimentary facies,among which reef(mound) and/or beach contribute most. The reservoir space is mainly composed of sedimentary primary pores and supergene dissolution pores and fractures, though some of reservoir spaces are formed by burial dissolution and they tend to develop and may locally concentrate following the pre-existing porous zone. In other words, burial dissolution vugs are inherited rather than newly formed. Early dolomite precipitation(or dolomitization) has a high potential to preserve early pores.(3) The development and preservation mechanism of fractured-vuggy karst limestone reservoirs in deep and ultra-deep realm was analyzed. Pene-contemporaneous dissolution and interlayer and buried-hill karstification control the development of early and late supergene fractured-vuggy reservoirs. Strike-slip faults superimposed with supergene karstification lead to the development of “fen

关键词： Deep and ultra-deep formation Carbonate reservoirs Matrix-porous dolomite reservoir Fractured-vuggy karst reservoir Genersis and distribution of carbonate reservoirs

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LA-ICP-MS U-Pb Age, Clumped and Stable Isotope Constraints on the Origin of Middle Permian Coarse-Crystalline Dolomite Reservoirs in Northwest Sichuan Basin, Southwest China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2020年第4期94卷 1312-1313页

作者： PAN Liyin shen anjiang HU Anping HAO Yi ZHAO Jianxin Key Laboratory of Carbonate Reservoirs China National Petroleum CorporationHangzhouZhejiang 310023China PetroChina Hangzhou Research Institute of Geology HangzhouZhejiang 310023China Department of Geology University of KansasLawrenceKS 66045USA Radiogenic Isotope Facility School of Earth Sciencesthe University of QueenslandBrisbane 4072QLDAustralia

Objective The recent discovery of commercial natural gas accumulations in the Middle Permian coarse-crystalline dolomites in the northwest Sichuan Basin has attracted attention to the formation mechanism of these deep-burial carbonate *** to their temporal relationship to the flooded basalts that represent the end-Middle-Permian Emeishan Large Igneous Province(ELIP),the Middle Permian dolomites were prev iously thought to be products of hydrothermal dolomitization related to the ELIP *** and core observations,however,show that the occurrence and distribution of these dolomites are not controlled by faults,the supposed conduits for hydrothermal ***,they are somewhat ***,the objective of this study,by employing LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating,clumped isotope thermometry(047)and routine stable isotope geochemistry(C carbon,O oxygen and Sr strontium isotopes),is to re-evaluate the genesis of these dolomite reservoirs,with special attention focusing on the diagenetic environment and timing of dolomitization,and the attributes of dolomitizing fluids.

关键词： Permian Middle reservoirs

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Digitized Outcrop Geomodeling of Ramp Shoals and its Reservoirs： as an Example of Lower Triassic Feixianguan Formation of Eastern Sichuan Basin

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2017年第4期91卷 1395-1412页

作者： QIAO Zhanfeng shen anjiang ZHENG Jianfeng Xavier JANSON CHANG Shaoying WANG Xiaofang CHEN Yana LIAO Yisha Petrochina Hangzhou Research Institute of Geology Hangzhou 310023 Zhejiang China CNPC Key Laboratory of Carbonate Reservoir Hangzhou 310023 Zhejiang China Bureau of Economic Geology Jackson School of Geosciences The University of Texas at Austin Austin Tx 78731 USA Chongqing Gas District of SouthWest Oil and Gas Company of CNPC Chongqing 400021 China

Numerous hydrocarbon accumulations are found in ramp crest shoals worldwide and therefore this depositional setting has a high potential of being the hydrocarbon reservoir. In this paper, we combined digital outcrop geology and traditional geological mapping to build an outcrop-based geocellular model of the ramp-crest shoal complex of the Lower Triassic Feixianguan Formation in the Eastern Sichuan Basin. The outcrop model serves as an analogue for the subsurface reservoir of the Feixianguan Formation and illustrates the complexity of the lithofacies types, stratigraphic architecture, and reservoir heterogeneities at a scale below conventional subsurface data resolution. The studied ramp -crest shoal complex consists of thirteen types of lithofacies that can be grouped into three facies-groups corresponding to subtidal intraclastic shoal, sub- to inter-tidal oolitic shoal, and tidal flat depositional environments respectively. The stratigraphic architecture of the shoal complex shows mostly a strong progradation of the high energy facies associated with an overall decrease of accommodation space associated with relative sea level still stand. Two reservoir facies associations have been recognized. The first one consists of supratidai dolomudstone and upper intertidal partially dolomitized oolitic packstone with anhydrite or nodules. These facies were deposited above the high energy oolitic grainstones and occurs as thin-bedded and laterally continuous layers, characterized by high porosity and low permeability. The second reservoir facies association is composed of intertidal crystalline dolomite and subtidal intraclastic bindstone that occurs stratigraphically below the oolitic grainstones. These deposits consist of massive laterally discontinuously beds, and are characterized by high porosity and high permeability. Both types of reservoir facies tend to be stacked vertically and migrated laterally with the progradation of the shoal complex. The construction of the

关键词： Digitized outcrop geomodeling ramp shoal reservoir Feixianguan Formation Sichuan Basin

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Laser ablation in situ U-Pb dating and its application to diagenesis-porosity evolution of carbonate reservoirs

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2019年第6期46卷 1127-1140页

作者： shen anjiang HU Anping CHENG Ting LIANG Feng PAN Wenqing FENG Yuexing ZHAO Jianxin Key Laboratory of Carbonate reservoirs CNPCXihu DistrictHangzhou 310023China PetroChina Hangzhou Research Institute of Geology(HIPG) Xihu DistrictHangzhou 310023China Radiogenic Isotope Facility School of Earth and Environmental SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia Beijing SHRIMP Center Institute of GeologyChinese Academy of Geological Sciences(CAGS)Haidian DistrictBeijing 100037China Research Institute of Exploration and Development PetroChina Tarim OilfieldKorla 841000China

Through the development and calibration of a reference material which is 209.8 Ma old using a newly-developed Laser Ablation(LA)Multi-Collector Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry(MC-ICP-MS)technique,we successfully overcome the difficulty in sampling and dating ultra-low U-Pb ancient marine carbonates,which was previously untenable by isotope dilution(ID)*** developed the LA-MC-ICP-MS in situ U-Pb dating technique for ancient marine carbonates for the study of diagenesis-porosity evolution history in Sinian Dengying Formation,Sichuan *** systematically dating of dolomitic cements from vugs,matrix pores and fractures,we found that the burial and diagenetic process of dolomite reservoirs in Sinian Dengying Formation was characterized by progressive filling-up of primary pores and epigenic dissolution *** filling of vugs happened in three stages,early Caledonian,late Hercynian-Indosinian and Yanshanian-Himalayan,while the filling of matrix pores mainly took place in early *** unfilled residual vugs,pores and fractures constitute the main reservoir *** on the above knowledge,we established the diagenesis-porosity evolution history of the dolomite reservoir in Sinian Dengying Formation,Sichuan *** findings are highly consistent with the tectonic-burial and basin thermal histories of the study *** study confirmed the reliability of this in situ U-Pb dating technique,which provides an effective way for the investigation of diagenesis-porosity evolution history and evaluation of porosity in ancient marine carbonate reservoirs before hydrocarbon migration.

关键词： laser ablation in-situ U-Pb dating Sichuan Basin Sinian Dengying Formation diagenesis-porosity evolution carbonates

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Dolomite genesis and reservoir-cap rock assemblage in carbonate-evaporite paragenesis system

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2019年第5期46卷 969-982页

作者： HU Anping shen anjiang YANG Hanxuan ZHANG Jie WANG Xin YANG Liu MENG Shaoxing PetroChina Hangzhou Research Institute of Geology(HIPG) Hangzhou 310023China Key Laboratory of Carbonate Reservoirs CNPCHangzhou 310023China

Regarding to the problem on the reservoir-cap rock assemblage evaluation in the carbonate-evaporite paragenesis system,this study examined the dolomite and reservoirs genesis and the characteristics of reservoir-cap rock *** on the literature research of the global carbonate reservoirs and the case study on four profiles of carbonate-evaporite succession,together with geological and experimental work,three aspects of understandings are achieved.(1)Lithology of carbonate-evaporite paragenesis system is mainly composed of microbial limestone/bioclastic limestone,microbial dolomite,gypsum dolomite and gypsum salt rock deposited sequentially under the climatic conditions from humid to arid,and vice versa,and an abrupt climate change event would lead to the lack of one or more rock types.(2)There developed two kinds of dolomite(precipitation and metasomatism)and three kinds of reservoirs in the carbonate-evaporite system;and the carbon dioxide and organic acid generated during early microorganism degradation and late microbial dolomite pyrolysis process,and early dolomitization are the main factors affecting the development of microbial dolomite reservoirs with good quality.(3)In theory,there are 14 types of reservoir-cap rock assemblages of six categories in the carbonate-evaporite system,but oil and gas discoveries are mainly in four types of reservoir-cap rock assemblages,namely"microbial limestone/bioclastic limestone–microbial dolomite–gypsum dolomite–gypsum salt rock","microbial limestone/bioclastic limestone–gypsum salt rock","microbial dolomite–gypsum dolomite–gypsum salt rock"and"gypsum dolomite–microbial dolomite–tight carbonate or clastic rock".These four kinds of reservoir-cap rock assemblages should be related with the climate change rules in the geologic history,and have good exploration prospects.

关键词： carbonate-evaporate paragenesis system lithological association sequence microbial dolomite gypsum dolomite reservoir-cap rock assemblage

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Dolomitization evolution and its effects on hydrocarbon reservoir formation from penecontemporaneous to deep burial environment

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2022年第4期49卷 731-743页

作者： shen anjiang LUO Xianying HU Anping QIAO Zhanfeng ZHANG Jie PetroChina Hangzhou Institute of Petroleum Geology Hangzhou 310023China Key Laboratory of Carbonate Reservoirs CNPCHangzhou 310023China

Aiming at the scientific problem that only part of dolomite acts as dolomite reservoir,this paper takes the multiple dolomite-bearing formations in the Tarim and Ordos basins,NW China and Sichuan Basin,SW China as the study object,by means of mineral petrological analysis and geochemical methods including carbonate clumped isotope,U-Pb isotopic dating,etc.,to rebuild the dolomitization pathway and evaluate its effects on reservoir *** the basis of detailed rock thin section observation,five dolomitic structural components are identified,including original fabric-retained dolomite(microbial and/or micrite structure),buried metasomatic dolomite I(subhedral-euhedral fine,medium and coarse crystalline structure),buried metasomatic dolomite II(allotriomorphic-subhedral fine,medium and coarse crystalline structure),buried precipitation dolomite and coarse crystalline saddle *** them,the first three exist in the form of rocks,the latter two occur as dolomite minerals filling in pores and *** corresponding petrological and geochemical identification templates for them are *** on the identification of the five dolomitic structural components,six dolomitization pathways for three types of reservoirs(preserved dolomite,reworked dolomite and limestone buried dolomitization)are *** initial porosity of the original rock before dolomitization and the dolomitization pathway are the main factors controlling the development of dolomite *** preserved dolomite and reworked dolomite types have the most favorable dolomitization pathway for reservoir formation,and are large scale and controlled by sedimentary facies in development and distribution,making them the first choices for oil and gas exploration in deep carbonate formations.

关键词： dolomitization dolomitization pathway dolomite reservoir carbonates penecontemporaneous environment burial environment dolomite genesis identification template

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Reservoir geological modeling and significance of Cambrian Xiaoerblak Formation in Keping outcrop area, Tarim Basin, NW China

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2020年第3期47卷 536-547页

作者： ZHENG Jianfeng PAN Wenqing shen anjiang YUAN Wenfang HUANG Lili NI Xinfeng ZHU Yongjin Key Laboratory of Carbonate Reservoir CNPCHangzhou 310023China PetroChina Hangzhou Research Institute of Geology Hangzhou 310023China Tarim Oilfield Company PetroChinaKorla 841000China

Take the Cambrian Xiaoerblak Formation in the Keping(Kalpin) outcrop area as an example, a 28 km reservoir scale geological model was built based on description of 7 profiles, observation of more than 1000 thin sections, petrophysical analysis of 556 samples and many geochemical tests. The Xiaoerblak Formation, 158–178 m thick, is divided into three members and 5 submembers, and is composed of laminated microbialite dolomite(LMD), thrombolite dolomite(TD), foamy-stromatolite dolomite(FSD), oncolite dolomite(OD), grain dolomite(GD)/crystalline dolomite with grain ghost and micritic dolomite(MD)/argillaceous dolomite. The petrology features show that its sediment sequence is micro-organism layer – microbial mound/shoal – tidal flat in carbonate ramp background from bottom up. The reservoir has 5 types of pores, namely, framework pore, dissolved vug, intergranular and intragranular dissolved pore and intercrystalline dissolved pore, as main reservoir space. It is found that the development of pore has high lithofacies selectivity, FSD has the highest average porosity, TD, OD and GD come second. The reservoir is pore-vug reservoir with medium-high porosity and medium-low permeability. The dolomite of Xiaoerblak Formation was formed in para-syngenetic to early diagenetic stage through dolomitization caused by seawater. The reservoir development is jointly controlled by sedimentary facies, micro-organism type, high frequency sequence interface and early dolomitization. The classⅠand Ⅱ reservoirs, with an average thickness of 41.2 m and average reservoir-stratum ratio of about 25.6%, have significant potential. It is predicted that the microbial mounds and shoals in the middle ramp around the ancient uplift are the favorable zones for reservoir development.

关键词： Tarim Basin Keping area Xiaoerblak Formation dolomite microbialite reservoir genesis geological modeling

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Application of mapping and dating techniques in the study of ancient carbonate reservoirs: A case study of Sinian Qigebrak Formation in northwestern Tarim Basin, NW China

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2020年第5期47卷 1001-1013页

作者： YANG Hanxuan HU Anping ZHENG Jianfeng LIANG Feng LUO Xianying FENG Yuexing shen anjiang PetroChina Hangzhou Research Institute of Geology(HIPG) Hangzhou 310023China Key Laboratory of Carbonate Reservoirs CNPCHangzhou 310023China Radiogenic Isotope Facility School of Earth and Environmental SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia

Ancient marine carbonates experienced complex modifications,making it difficult to identify reservoir genesis and effective porosity before hydrocarbon *** solve these issues,we used element mapping and carbonate mineral laser U-Pb radiometric dating techniques to study the diagenetic environments based on geochemistry and diagenesis-porosity evolution based on geochronology of the dolomite reservoir of the Sinian Qigebrak Formation,northwest Tarim *** major understandings were obtained as follows:(1)Supported by petrographic observations,the element mapping,stable isotopes,strontium isotope,and cathodoluminescence tests were performed on different phases of dolomite cements precipitated in vugs and dissolved *** results show that the dolomite reservoirs of the Qigebrak Formation went through freshwater,marine,extremely shallow burial,burial and hydrothermal diagenetic environments after synsedimentary dolomitization;the reservoir spaces were mainly formed in the synsedimentary period(primary pores)and freshwater environment(supergene dissolution pores)before burial;whereas the marine,burial and hydrothermal environments caused the gradual filling of reservoir space by dolomite cements.(2)Based on the above understandings,each phase of dolomite cement precipitated in the reservoir space was dated by the U-Pb radiometric dating technique,and the diagenesis-porosity evolution curves constrained by geochronology were *** loss of reservoir porosity mainly occurred in the early Caledonian,and during the peak period of hydrocarbon generation of Yuertusi Formation source rock,the reservoirs still maintained at a porosity of 6%?10%.The above understandings provide a certain basis for the evaluation of accumulation effectiveness of the Sinian Qigebrak Formation,northwestern Tarim Basin,and provide a case for the application of mapping and dating techniques in the study of ancient carbonate reservoirs.

关键词： U-Pb dating mapping Sinian Qigebrak Formation northwestern Tarim Basin diagenetic environment diagenesis-porosity evolution

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Sinian gas sources and effectiveness of primary gas-bearing system in Sichuan Basin, SW China

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2021年第6期48卷 1260-1270页

作者： ZHAO Wenzhi XIE Zengye WANG Xiaomei shen anjiang WEI Guoqi WANG Zecheng WANG Kun Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development PetroChinaBeijing 100083China College of Geosciences China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing 102249China Key Laboratory of Gas Reservoir Formation and Development CNPCLangfang 065007China Hangzhou Research Institute of Geology(HIPG) PetroChinaHangzhou 310023China

Based on correlation between geochemical characteristics of Sinian and Cambrian source rocks and discovered gas reservoirs,paleoand the analysis on geological conditions of reservoir formation,the sources of natural gas in the Sinian of Sichuan Basin have been discussed to sort out the contribution of Sinian source rocks to the gas reservoirs and effectiveness of Sinian primary gas-bearing *** the analysis of natural gas composition,carbon and hydrogen isotopes and effectiveness of Sinian accumulation assemblages,it is concluded that:(1)The natural gas derived from the Sinian source rock is characterized by low ethane content,heavy ethane carbon isotope and light methane hydrogen isotope,and obviously different from the gas generated by the Cambrian source rock.(2)The gas reservoirs discovered in Sinian Dengying Formation are sourced by Sinian and Cambrian source rocks,and the Sinian source rock contributes different proportions to the gas in the 4th member and the 2nd member of the Dengying Formation,specifically,39%and 55%to the 4th member in marginal zone and intra-platform,54%and 68%to the 2th member in the marginal zone and intra-platform respectively.(3)The effectiveness of the Sinian primary gas-bearing system depends on the gas generating effectiveness of the source kitchen,reservoir and combination of gas accumulation *** high-over mature marine source rocks at the Ro of less than 3.5%,besides gas generated from the thermal cracking of liquid hydrocarbon,the kerogen still has some gas generation potential by thermal *** addition,the Sinian microbial dolomite still preserves relatively good-quality reservoirs despite large burial depths,which match well with other basic conditions for gas accumulation in central Sichuan paleo-uplift,increasing the possibility of Sinian primary gas-bearing *** research results confirm that the Sinian primary gas-bearing system is likely to form large-scale accumulation.

关键词： natural gas carbon isotope hydrogen isotope geochemical characteristics gas and source rock correlation Sinian System primary gas-bearing system Sichuan Basin

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