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Differences in transportation and leisure physical activity by neighborhood design controlling for residential choice

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2019年第6期8卷 532-539页

作者： Gavin R.McCormack Mohammad Javad Koohsari Koichiro Oka Christine M.Friedenreich anita blackstaffe Francisco Uribe Alaniz Brenlea Farkas Cumming School of Medicine University of CalgaryAlbertaT2N 4Z6Canada School of Architecture Planning and LandscapeUniversity of CalgaryAlbertaT2N4N1Canada Faculty of Sport Sciences Waseda UniversityTokyo169-8050Japan Behavioural Epidemiology Laboratory Baker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVIC3004Australia Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research Australian Catholic UniversityMelbourneVIC3000Australia Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research CancerControl AlbertaAlberta Health ServicesCalgaryAlbertaT2S 3C3Canada

Background:Cross-sectional studies provide useful insight about the associations between the built environment and physical activity(PA),particularly when reasons for neighborhood choice are considered.Our study analyzed the relationship between levels of weekly transportation and leisure PA among 3 neighborhood designs,statistically adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and reasons for neighborhood choice.Methods:A stratified random sample of adults(age>20 years)living in Calgary(Canada)neighborhoods with different neighborhood designs(grid,warped-grid,and curvilinear)and socioeconomic status completed a self-administered questionnaire capturing PA,sociodemographic characteristics,and reasons for neighborhood choice(response rate=10.1%;n=1023).Generalized linear models estimated associations between neighborhood design and transportation and leisure PA outcomes(participation(any vs.none)and volume(metabolic equivalent:h/week)),adjusting for neighborhood socioeconomic status,sociodemographic characteristics(gender,age,ethnicity,education,household income,marital status,children,vehicle access,dog ownership,and injury),and reasons for neighborhood choice(e.g.,proximity and quality of recreational and utilitarian destinations,proximity to work,highway access,aesthetics,and sense of community).Results:Overall,854 participants had resided in their neighborhood for at least 12 months and provided complete data.Compared with those living in curvilinear neighborhoods,grid neighborhood participants had greater odds(p<0.05)of participating in any transportation walking(odds ratio(OR)=2.17),transportation and leisure cycling(OR=2.39 and OR=1.70),active transportation(OR=2.16),and high-intensity leisure PA(≥6 metabolic equivalent;OR=1.74),respectively.There were no neighborhood differences in the volume of any transportation or leisure PA undertaken.Adjustment for neighborhood selection had minimal impact on the statistical or practical importance of model estimates.Conclusion:Neighborhood design is associated with

关键词： Active transportation Built environment Self-selection Urban design Walkability

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