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Organophosphate pesticides an emerging environmental contaminant: Pollution, toxicity, bioremediation progress, and remaining challenges

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2023年第5期127卷 234-250页

作者： Himanshu Mali Chandni shah B.H.Raghunandan anil s.prajapati Darshan H.Patel Ujjval Trivedi R.B.subramanian P.G.Department of Biosciences UGC-Centre of Advanced StudiesSatellite CampusSardar Patel UniversitySardar Patel MaidanBakrol-Vadtal RoadBakrol 388315GujaratIndia Charotar Institute of Paramedical sciences Charotar University of Science and Technology(CHARUSAT)Changa 388421GujaratIndia

Organophosphates(OPs)are an integral part of modern agriculture;however,due to overexploitation,OPs pesticides residues are leaching and accumulating in the soil,and groundwater contaminated terrestrial and aquatic food webs.Acute exposure to OPs could produce toxicity in insects,plants,animals,and humans.OPs are known for covalent inhibition of acetylcholinesterase enzyme in pests and terrestrial/aquatic organisms,leading to nervous,respiratory,reproductive,and hepatic abnormalities.OPs pesticides also disrupt the growth-promoting machinery in plants by inhibiting key enzymes,permeability,and trans-cuticular diffusion,which is crucial for plant growth.Excessive use of OPs,directly/indirectly affecting human/environmental health,raise a thoughtful global concern.Developing a safe,reliable,economical,and eco-friendly methods for removing OPs pesticides from the environment is thus necessary.Bioremediation techniques coupled with microbes or microbial-biocatalysts are emerging as promising antidotes for OPs pesticides.Here,we comprehensively review the current scenario of OPs pollution,their toxicity(at a molecular level),and the recent advancements in biotechnology(modified biocatalytic systems)for detection,decontamination,and bioremediation of OP-pesticides in polluted environments.Furthermore,the review focuses on onsite applications of OPs degrading enzymes(immobilizations/biosensors/others),and it also highlights remaining challenges with future approaches.

关键词： Organophosphorus compounds Toxicity Bioremediation Microorganisms Enzymes Biosensors

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Impact of Fin Arrangement on Heat Transfer and Melting Characteristics of Phase Change Material

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Journal of Thermal science 2024年第2期33卷 435-456页

作者： Arun UNIYAL Yogesh K.prajapati Department of Mechanical Engineering National Institute of Technology UttarakhandSrinagar(Garhwal)246174India Department of Mechanical Engineering BIT SindriDhanbadJharkhand828123India

Present work investigates the heat transfer and melting behaviour of phase change material(PCM) in six enclosures(enclosure-1 to 6) filled with paraffin wax.Proposed enclosures are equipped with distinct arrangements of the fins while keeping the fin's surface area equal in each case.Comparative analysis has been presented to recognize the suitable fin arrangements that facilitate improved heat transfer and melting rate of the PCM.Left wall of the enclosure is maintained isothermal for the temperature values 335 K,350 K and 365 K.Dimensionless length of the enclosure including fins is ranging between 0 and 1.Results have been illustrated through the estimation of important performance parameters such as energy absorbing capacity,melting rate,enhancement ratio,and Nusselt number.It has been found that melting time(to melt 100% of the PCM) is 60.5%less in enclosure-2(with two fins of equal length) as compared to the enclosure-1,having no fins.Keeping the fin surface area equal,if the longer fin is placed below the shorter fin(enclosure-3),melting time is further decreased by 14.1% as compared to enclosure-2.However,among all the configurations,enclosure-6 with wire-mesh fin structure exhibits minimum melting time which is 68.4% less as compared to the enclosure-1.Based on the findings,it may be concluded that fins are the main driving agent in the enclosure to transfer the heat from heated wall to the PCM.Proper design and positioning of the fins improve the heat transfer rate followed by melting of the PCM in the entire area of the enclosure.Evolution of the favourable vortices and natural convection current in the enclosure accelerate the melting phenomenon and help to reduce charging time.

关键词： phase change material enclosure fin melting fraction energy storage heat transfer

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Cytomegalovirus Transverse Myelitis secondary to Influenza Infection and Early Recovery:A Case Report

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Infectious Diseases & Immunity 2024年第1期4卷 41-42页

作者： Jill s.Bhavsar Lekhini K.Fultariya Poojan J.prajapati Archi K.Dhamelia Jaime E.Campos Department of Infectious Disease Hialeah HospitalMiamiFL(affiliated with HerbertWertheim College of MedicineFlorida International University)33013USA

Immunosuppression can lead to opportunistic infections in a host.The evidence of viral infections causing immunosuppression in a host for a transient period is gaining attention.In order to prolong their stay in the human body,viruses affect the human immune systemin various ways.Common viral infections such as influenza can lead to transient lymphocytopenia,which lays the groundwork for more dangerous opportunistic infections.Cytomegalovirus(CMV)infection is a rare cause of inflammatory myelopathy.We present the case of a patient with an influenza infection who progressed to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome,methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus necrotizing pneumonia,and idiopathic lymphocytopenia with a CD4 count of 61 perμL on arrival.After 2 weeks,the patient developed complete flaccid paralysis with sensory and autonomic dysfunction.Because his polymerase chain reaction results of cerebrospinal fluid and blood test were positive for CMV infection,he was treated with high doses of steroids and ganciclovir intravenously.Due to early diagnosis and intervention,the patient was able to recover in 2 months with only minimal residual weakness.Thus,this case stresses on the importance of looking out for opportunistic infections in patients affected by severe viral infections for their early recovery.

关键词： Influenza,Human Lymphocytopenia Transverse myelitis Case report

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Crustal deformation measurements by global positioning system(GPs)along NsL,western India

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2022年第3期13卷 254-260页

作者： Rakesh K.Dumka D.suriBabu B.s.Kotlia Girish Ch.Kothyari sandip prajapati Institute of seismological Research RaisanGandhinagarGujarat382009India Center of Advanced study in Geology Kumaun UniversityNainital263002India Adikavi Nannaya University RajahmundaryA.P.India

The Narmada son Lineament(NsL)is a major palaeo-rift system and seismically active intra-plate region.In this paper,we processed and analyzed the GPs data from 2009 to 2016 to study the geodynamic characteristics of NsL.The velocities derived from GPs were used to calculate the associated deformation and crustal strain,while the slip deficit was estimated using the horizontal motion of GPs sites.The investigation reveals that the maximum deformation of western NsL is 1.6 mm per year,and the upper bound of the seismic moment(M;)is 2.0×10;dyn/cm,corresponding to an earthquake of about 6.0 magnitude.The study highlights the significance of Aravalli and satpura mobile belts.The estimated strain of 0.03μstrain/yr is low but comparable to the stable continental region,and a close association of factors(the fragility,crustal conductors,and compressive tectonics)is considered responsible for seismogenic activities in western NsL.

关键词： GPs Intra-plate deformation strain accumulation seismic moment seismic activity

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Friedman-Robertson-Walker Models with Late-Time Acceleration

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Chinese Physics Letters 2011年第2期28卷 258-260页

作者： Abdussattar s.R.prajapati Department of Mathematics Faculty of ScienceBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi-221005India 不详

In order to account for the observed cosmic acceleration,a modiGcation of the ansatz for the variation of density in Friedman-Robertson-Walker(FRW)FRW models given by Islam is proposed.The modified ansatz leads to an equation of state which corresponds to that of a variable Chaplygin gas,which in the course of evolution reduces to that of a modified generalized Chaplygin gas(MGCG)and a Chaplygin gas(CG),exhibiting late-time acceleration.

关键词： acceleration equation modified

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Theoretical investigation on mechanical,thermal,and ultrasonic properties of epitaxial nanostructured ZrN layers growth on MgO(001)substrate

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ChemPhysMater 2023年第3期2卷 253-258页

作者： Aadesh Kumar prajapati sachin Rai Prashant srivastav Pramod Kumar Yadawa Department of Physics Prof.Rajendra Singh(Rajju Bhaiya)Institute of Physical Sciences for Study and ResearchV.B.S.Purvanchal UniversityJaunpur 222003India

In the present study,we calculated the elastic,mechanical,and thermo-physical properties of Zirconium Nitride(ZrN)/Magnesium Oxide(MgO)(001)nanostructures in the temperature range of 50∼300 K using higher-order elastic constants.With two fundamental factors,nearest-neighbor distance and hardness parameter,in this tem-perature range,the second-and third-order elastic constants(sOECs and TOECs)are estimated using the Coulomb&Born-Mayer potential.The computed values of sOECs have been used to calculate Young’s modulus,thermal conductivity,Zener anisotropy,bulk modulus,thermal energy density,shear modulus,and Poisson’s ratio to as-sess the thermal and mechanical properties of the ZrN/MgO(001)nanostructured layer.Additionally,sOECs are used to calculate the wave velocities for shear as well as longitudinal modes of propagation along crystalline orientations,,andin these temperature ranges.The temperature-dependent Debye average velocity,hardness,melting temperature,and ultrasonic Grüneisen parameters(UGPs)were evaluated.The frac-ture/toughness(B/G)ratio in the current investigation was greater than 1.75,indicating that the ZrN/MgO(001)nanostructured layer was ductile in this temperature range.The selected materials fully satisfied the Born me-chanical stability requirement.At this ambient temperature,it has been computed how long thermal relaxation takes to complete and how ultrasonic waves are attenuated by thermo-elastic relaxation and phonon-phonon interaction mechanisms.These results,in combination with other well-known physical properties,can be applied to the non-destructive testing of materials for various industrial applications such as microelectronic devices,optical coatings,batteries,and solar cells.

关键词： Nanostructured layers Elastic properties Thermal conductivity Mechanical properties Ultrasonic properties

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A study of the Number of Roots of xk =g in a Finite Group via Its Frobenius-schur Indicators

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Algebra Colloquium 2017年第1期24卷 93-108页

作者： s.K. prajapati R. sarma Department of Mathematics Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Hauz Khas New Delhi 110016 India

Let G be a finite group. For k ∈ N, X ∈ Irr（G）, define c（k）x ：= 1/G ∑g∈G x（gk）. This is called the k-th Frobenius-schur indicator of X. In this article we study the Probenius-schur indicators for Frobenius groups, p-groups, semidihedral groups and mod- ular p-groups. Further, we use this to study the function ζ kG（g） which counts the number of roots of xk = g in a finite group G.

关键词： Frobenius-schur indicators p-groups group characters

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The correlation between friction coefficient and areal topography parameters for AIsI 304 steel sliding against AIsI 52100 steel

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Friction 2021年第1期9卷 41-60页

作者： Deepak K.prajapati Mayank TIWARI Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of TechnologyPatna 801103India

Dry wear experiments provide an insight detail on how severely contacting surfaces change under unlubricated sliding condition. The theory of dry sliding wear is used for understanding mixed-lubrication regime in which asperity interactions play a significant role in controlling of the friction coefficient(f). The purpose of this work is to study the tribological behavior of AIsI 304 steel in contact with AIsI 52100 steel during wear. Both materials are used in rolling element bearings commanly. Experiments are carried out using a pin-on-disc tribometer under dry friction condition. The areal(three dimensional, 3D) topography parameters are measured using a 3D white light interferometer(WLI) with a 10× objective. After wear tests, wear mechanisms are analyzed utilizing scanning electron microscope(sEM). Factorial design with custom response surface design(C-RsD) is used to study the mutual effect of load and speed on response variables such as f and topography parameters. It is observed that the root mean square roughness(s_(q)) decreases with an increase in sliding time. Within the range of sliding time, s_(q) decreases with an increase in the normal load. Within the range of sliding speed and normal load, it is found that s_(q), mean summit curvature(s_(sc)), and root mean square slope(s_(dq)) are positively correlated with f. Whereas, negative correlation is found between f and correlation length(sal), mean summit radius(R), and core roughness depth(s_(k)).

关键词： friction coefficient(f) areal topography parameters factorial design non-contact optical profiler scanning electron microscope(sEM)

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Adaptive virtual MIMO-based cross-layer design for wireless sensor networks via hybrid optimization model

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International Journal of Modeling, simulation, and scientific Computing 2021年第2期12卷 20-39页

作者： Monali prajapati Jay Joshi Electronics&Communication Gujarat Technological University India Electronics&Communication Bhagwan Mahavir Polytechnic VesuSuratIndia

In recent times,many MAC protocols were implemented for boosting and improving energy efficiency(EE)in WsNs.Moreover,the cooperative MIMO method is found to be much capable of enhancing the EE of WsNs if configured properly.This paper intends to propose cross-layer design for multihop virtual MIMO system to enhance the end-to-end(ETE)reliability,EE,and Qos of the adopted WsN.The protocol is set here to focus on the energy utilization for transmission of data packets by optimal selection of transmission constraints for each node of the network.Moreover,the protocol’s ETE latency and throughput are also modeled as the dependent variables of BER performance of every link.To discover the improved BER criteria of each link that meets the ETE Qos requirement in reduced energy utilization,this paper employs a new hybrid optimization algorithm named Lion Mutated Dragonfly Algorithm(LM–DA)that is a hybrid variant of both Lion Algorithm(LA)and Dragonfly Algorithm(DA).Finally,the performance of the adopted scheme is validated over other state-of-the-art models.The results state that the energy consumed by the adopted LM–DA approach is about 2.65%,1.77%,and 1.77%reduced over LA,PsO,and DA schemes,respectively.

关键词： MIMO Qos provisioning energy utilization latency bit-error-rate LM-DA

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Performance Analysis of silicon and Blue Phosphorene/Mos2 Hetero-structure Based sPR sensor

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Photonic sensors 2019年第3期9卷 284-292页

作者： Akash sRIVAsTAVA Y. K. prajapati Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad Allahabad 211004 Uttar Pradesh India

surface plasmon resonance (sPR) sensor based on the blue phosphorene/Mos2 hetero-structure is presented to enhance the performance parameters, i.e., sensitivity, detection accuracy, and quality fhctor.The blue phosphorene/Mos2 hetero-structure works as an interacting layer with the analyte for the enhancement of the sensitivity of the sensor. It is observed that the sensitivity of blue phosphorene/Mos2 based sensor (i.e., structure-Ⅱ) is improved by 5.75%, from the conventional sensor (i.e., structure-Ⅲ). Further, an additional silicon nanolayer is introduced between the metal layer and blue phosphorene/Mos2 hetero-structure. The sensitivity of the proposed blue phosphorene/Mos2 hetero-structure with a silicon layer sPR sensor, i.e., structure-Ⅰ, is enhanced by 44.76% from structure-Ⅱ and 55.75% from structure-Ⅲ due to an enhancement in the evanescent field near the metal-analyte interface. Finally, it is observed that at the optimum thickness of silicon between the gold layer and blue phosphorene/Mos2, performance parameters of the sensor are enhanced.

关键词： surface plasmon blue phosphorene M0s2 sensitivity

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