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Tumor targeted mesoporous silica-coated gold nanorods facilitate detection of pancreatic tumors using Multispectral optoacoustic tomography

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Nano Research 2015年第12期8卷 3864-3877页

作者： anil khanal Christopher Ullum Charles W Kimbrough Nichola C. Garbett Joseph A. Burlison Molly W. McNally Phillip Chuong Ayman S. EI-Baz Jacek B. Jasinski Lacey R. McNally Department of Medicine University of Louisville Louisville KY 40202 USA Deportment of Surgery University of Louisville Louisville KY 40292 USA Speed School of Engineering University of Louisville Louisville KY40292 USA

Multispectral optoacoustic tomography （MSOT） is an emerging imaging technology that offers several advantages over traditional modalities, particularly in its ability to resolve optical contrast at depth on the microscopic scale. While potential applications include the early detection of tumors below clinical thresholds set by current technology, the lack of tumor-specific contrast agents limits the use of MSOT imaging. Therefore, we constructed highly stable nano-contrast agents by coating gold nanorods （GNRs） with either polyacrylic acid （PAA） or amine- functionalized mesoporous silica （MS）. Syndecan-1, which has been shown to target insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor （IGF1-R）（upregulated in pancreatic tumors）, was conjugated on the surface of PAA-coated GNRs （PAA-GNRs） or MS-coated GNRs （MS-GNRs） to create tumor-targeted nanoparticles. In vitro, tumor targeting of nanoparticles was assessed with flow cytometry. In S2VP10L cells （positive for IGF1-R）, the syndecan-1 MS-GNRs （Syndecan-MS-GNRs） demonstrated an increase in OA signal, 10x, compared to syndecan-1 PAA- GNRs （Syndecan-PAA-GNRs）. Minimal binding was observed in MiaPaca-2 cells （negative for IGF1-R）. In vivo, tumor specific targeting of Syndecan-MS-GNRs was evaluated using a murine orthotopic pancreatic cancer model. The Syndecan- MS-GNRs demonstrated significantly greater accumulation within pancreatic tumors than in off-target organs such as the liver. Mice implanted with the IGF1-R negative MiaPaca-2 cells did not demonstrate specific tumor targeting. In summary, we report that targeted nano-contrast agents （Syndecan-MS-GNRs） can successfully detect orthotopic pancreatic tumors with minimum off-target binding in vivo using MSOT.

关键词： multispectral optoacoustic tomography pancreatic cancer syndecan-1 mesoporous silica gold nanorods

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Kinetic simulation of an electronegative plasma with a cut-off distribution and modified Bohm criterion

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Plasma Science and Technology 2020年第4期22卷 33-39页

作者： Suresh BASNET Raju khanal Central Department of Physics Tribhuvan UniversityKirtipurKathmandu 44613Nepal

A kinetic simulation model has been employed to study the properties of an electronegative magnetized plasma sheath assuming the cut-off distribution of electrons and negative *** fundamental kinetic Bohm condition for the electronegative magnetized plasma has paramount importance for the formation of a stationary plasma sheath near the material *** presence of an oblique magnetic field in an electronegative plasma affects the ion distribution at the plasma injection side and at the *** temperature profile of negative charged particles has a non-uniform distribution,which determines the energy flow towards the wall.

关键词： Bohm condition kinetic simulation plasma–wall interaction electronegative plasma

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Kinetic-theory-based investigation of electronegative plasma–wall transition with two populations of electrons

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Plasma Science and Technology 2021年第3期23卷 11-21页

作者： Suresh BASNET Atit DEUJA Raju khanal Central Department of Physics Tribhuvan UniversityKirtipurKathmandu 44613Nepal

Kinetic theory has been employed to investigate the magnetized plasma-sheath structure and its characteristics in the presence of more than one species of negatively charged particles:hot electrons,cold electrons,and negative *** cold electrons and negative ions are considered to obey a Maxwellian distribution,whereas the hot electrons follow a truncated Maxwellian *** Bohm sheath condition has been extended for the case of more than one species of negatively charged particles,in which the concentration of hot electrons has a crucial role in achieving the Bohm *** thermal motion of hot electrons is much higher compared to cold electrons and negative ions,such that the variation of hot electron concentrations and the temperature ratio of hot to cold electrons play a key role in the determination of the plasma-sheath parameters:particle densities,electrostatic potential,the flow of positive ions towards the wall,and sheath *** have estimated the deviation of the resultant drift velocity of positive ions on the plane perpendicular to the wall from the parallel component at the presheath–sheath *** is found that the deviation between the two velocity components increases with an increase in the obliqueness of the magnetic ***,the results obtained from the kinetic trajectory simulation model are compared with the results obtained using a fluid model;the results are qualitatively similar,although the potential varies by less than 4%in terms of the magnitude at the wall.

关键词： Bohm velocity fluid theory plasma sheath electronegative plasmas

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Role of particle stiffness and inter-particle sliding friction in milling of particles

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Particuology 2014年第5期12卷 54-59页

作者： Manoj khanal Chandana T.Jayasundara Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization CSIRO Earth Science and Resource EngineeringQueensland Centre for Advanced Technologies1 Technology CourtPullenvaleQueensland 4069Australia

Discrete element method （DEM） has been used to investigate the effects of particle elastic modulus and coefficient of inter-particle sliding friction on milling of mineral particles. An autogeneous mill of 600 mm diameter and 320 mm length with 14,500 particles has been selected for the simulation. Various mill performance parameters, for example, particle trajectories, collision frequency, collision energy and mill power have been evaluated to understand the effects of particle elastic modulus and inter-particle sliding friction during milling of particles. For the given model, it has been concluded that at high energy range, as the elastic modulus and particle sliding friction increase the energy dissipated among the particles increases. The collision frequency increases with the increase in elastic modulus, however, this trend is not clearly observed with increasing inter-particle sliding friction. The power draw of the mill increases with the increase in fraction of mill critical speed.

关键词： Elastic modulus Sliding friction DEM Simulation

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Visualization of drained rock volume(DRV) in hydraulically fractured reservoirs with and without natural fractures using complex analysis methods(CAMs)

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Petroleum Science 2019年第3期16卷 550-577页

作者： Aadi khanal Ruud Weijermars Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering Texas A&M University

The drainage areas(and volumes)near hydraulically fractured wells,computed and visualized in our study at high resolution,may be critically affected by the presence of natural *** a recently developed algorithm based on complex analysis methods(CAMs),the drained rock volume(DRV)is visualized for a range of synthetic constellations of natural fractures near hydraulic ***,flow interference effects near a single hydraulic fracture are systematically investigated for a variety of natural fracture *** permeability contrast between the matrix and the natural fractures is increased stepwise in order to better understand the effect on the ***,a larger-scale model investigates flow interference for a full hydraulically fractured well with a variety of natural fracture *** time of flight contours(TOFCs)outlining the DRV are for all cases with natural fractures compared to a base case without any natural *** natural fractures,with different orientations,hydraulic conductivity,and fracture density,may shift the TOFC patterns in the reservoir region drained by the hydraulically fractured well,essentially shifting the location of the well’s drainage *** CAM-based models provide a computationally efficient method to quantify and visualize the drainage in both naturally and hydraulically fractured reservoirs.

关键词： Natural fracture Drained rock volume Drainage area distortion Hydraulic fractures

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Impacts of prenatal nutrition on animal production and performance： a focus on growth and metabolic and endocrine function in sheep

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第1期9卷 10-23页

作者： Prabhat khanal Mette Olaf Nielsen Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of Copenhagen Gronnegardsvey 31st floorDK-1870 Frederiksberg CDenmark Department of Nutrition Faculty of MedicineTransgenic Animal and Lipid StorageNorwegian Transgenic Centre(NTS)University of OsloOsloNotway

The concept of foetal programming（FP） originated from human epidemiological studies, where foetal life nutrition was linked to health and disease status later in life. Since the proposal of this phenomenon, it has been evaluated in various animal models to gain further insights into the mechanisms underlying the foetal origins of health and disease in humans. In FP research, the sheep has been quite extensively used as a model for humans. In this paper we will review findings mainly from our Copenhagen sheep model, on the implications of late gestation malnutrition for growth, development, and metabolic and endocrine functions later in life, and discuss how these implications may depend on the diet fed to the animal in early postnatal life. Our results have indicated that negative implications of foetal malnutrition, both as a result of overnutrition and, particularly, late gestation undernutrition, can impair a wide range of endocrine functions regulating growth and presumably also reproductive traits. These implications are not readily observable early in postnatal life, but are increasingly manifested as the animal approaches adulthood. No intervention or cure is known that can reverse this programming in postnatal life. Our findings suggest that close to normal growth and slaughter results can be obtained at least until puberty in animals which have undergone adverse programming in foetal life, but manifestation of programming effects becomes increasingly evident in adult *** to the risk of transfer of the adverse programming effects to future generations, it is therefore recommended that animals that are suspected to have undergone adverse FP are not used for reproduction. Unfortunately, no reliable biomarkers have as yet been identified that allow accurate identification of adversely programmed offspring at birth,except for very low or high birth weights, and, in pigs, characteristic changes in head shape（dolphin head）. Future efforts should be therefo

关键词： Adipose tissue Endocrine function Foetal programming Metabolic function Sheep

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Integration of network and experimental pharmacology to decipher the antidiabetic action of Duranta repens L.

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2021年第1期19卷 66-77页

作者： Pukar khanal Basanagouda M.Patil Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology KLE College of Pharmacy BelagaviKLE Academy of Higher Education and ResearchBelagavi 590010India

Objective:Duranta repens is reported to contain a wide array of secondary metabolites,including aamylase and a-glucosidase inhibitors,and-has potent antioxidant *** present study evaluated the network pharmacology of ***(whole plant)with targets related to diabetes mellitus and assessed its outcome by evaluating the effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of *** in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetes mellitus in ***:Phytoconstituents of *** were retrieved from an open-source database and published literature,and their targets were predicted for diabetes mellitus using Binding DB and the therapeutic target ***-protein interaction was predicted using STRING,and pathways involved in diabetes mellitus were identified using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway ***,ADMET profile(absorption,distribution,metabolism,excretion and toxicity)and cytotoxicity of compounds modulating proteins involved in diabetes were predicted using Mol Soft,admet SAR2.0 and CLC-Pred,*** interaction network among phytoconstituents,proteins and pathways was constructed using Cytoscape,and the docking study was performed using Auto *** hydroalcoholic extract of *** was evaluated using streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetes mellitus animal model for 28 d,followed by an oral glucose tolerance *** the end of the study,biochemical parameters like glycogen content,hepatic enzymes,antioxidant biomarkers and lipid profiles were ***,the liver and pancreas were collected for a histopathology ***:Thirty-six different secondary metabolites from *** were identified to regulate thirty-one targets involved in diabetes mellitus,in which protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1 B(PTP1 B)was primarily *** analysis of modulated proteins identified 12 different pathways in diabetic pathogenesis in which the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B(PI3 K-Ak

关键词： Diabetes mellitus Duranta repens DurantaninⅠ Network pharmacology Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B signaling pathway Protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B

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Correlates of avifaunal diversity along the elevational gradient of Mardi Himal in Annapurna Conservation Area,Central Nepal

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Avian Research 2020年第3期11卷 201-214页

作者： Naresh Pandey Laxman khanal Mukesh Kumar Chalise Central Department of Zoology Institute of Science and TechnologyTribhuvan UniversityKathmandu 44613Nepal Nepal Biodiversity Research Society(NEBORS) Lalitpur 44700Nepal

Background:Patterns of biological diversity and richness can vary along the elevational gradients among mountain systems making it difficult to conclude the general *** drivers of such pattern are also poorly known in the southern flank of the Himalaya due to limited ***,we assessed the species richness,seasonal patterns and drivers of avian diversity along an elevational gradient on Mardi Himal trekking trail,a newly open tourist route in Annapurna Conservation Area of the central ***:Two surveys(winter and summer seasons of 2019)were conducted from the bank of Seti-Gandaki River confluence(1030 m above sea level,asl)up to the Low Camp(3050 m asl)of the Mardi *** point count method was employed in every 100 m rise in the *** indices were calculated and bird abundance data on species,sites,seasons and environmental variables were *** linear model,polynomial regression and ordinary least square regression were performed to examine the importance of environmental factors in shaping the avian richness ***:A total of 673 individuals of birds belonging to 112 species,of which 72 in winter and 80 in summer,were *** observed a hump-shaped pattern of the overall species richness along the elevational *** richness pattern remained consistent even when explored by season,for winter and summer *** indices were found higher during the *** and mean monthly temperature in both seasons showed non-linear relation with avian species *** exhibited positive association in summer whereas the same in winter was negatively correlated with avian species *** to the nearest water source and the nearest human settlement were negatively correlated with the richness of ***-ranged and insectivorous birds were under the strong influence of gradients on climatic variables like temperature and ***:We conc

关键词： Annapurna Conservation Area Avian richness Central Himalaya Elevation

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Gene set enrichment analysis of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors from Ficus benghalensis

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2019年第6期9卷 263-270页

作者： Pukar khanal B.M.Patil Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology KLE College of Pharmacy Belagavi KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KAHER)

Objective:To identify alpha-glucosidase inhibitors from Ficus benghalensis and analyze gene set enrichment of regulated protein ***:The phytoconstituents of Ficu.s *** were queried for inhibitors of alphaglucosidase,also identified as aldose reductase *** score,absorption,distribution,metabolism,excretion and toxicity profile,biological spectrum,and gene expression were predicated for each *** study was performed to predict the binding affinity with alpha-glucosidase and aldose reductase and compared with clinically proven *** Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis was performed for the regulated genes to identify the modulated ***:Apigenin,3,4’,5,7-tetrahydroxy-3’-methoxyflavone,and kaempferol were identified as inhibitors of alpha-glucosidase and aldose *** was predicted to possess the highest binding affinity with both *** p53 signaling pathway was predicted to modulate the majority of protein molecules in diabetes *** the alpha-glucosidase inhibitors were also predicted as membrane integrity agonist and anti-mutagenic ***:The current study indicates alpha-glucosidase inhibitors from Ficus benghale,nsis can act as aldose reductase inhibitors after absorption from the intestinal ***,these phytoconstituents are involved in the regulation of numerous protein molecules and ***,the anti-diabetic efficacies of these compounds are due to their action on multiple protein molecules and synergistic effects which should be confirmed by future investigations.

关键词： Ficus benghalensis Gene set enrichment Kaempferol Network pharmacology Type 2 diabetes mellitus

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Evaluation of mine scale longwall top coal caving parameters using continuum analysis

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Mining Science and Technology 2011年第6期21卷 787-796页

作者： Manoj khanal Deepak Adhikary Rao Balusu Earth Science and Resource Engineering Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research OrganizationQueensl and Center for Advanced Technology1Technology CourtPullenvaleQLD4069Australia

A mine-scale analysis of Longwall Top Coal Caving (LTCC) is performed using a continuum mechanics finite element solver called COSFLOW. The uniqueness of COSFLOW is that it incorporates Cosserat continuum theory in its formulation for describing the load deformation of bedded rocks. It is shown that such a continuum based code is valuable for assessing the feasibility of introducing LTCC in any mine. Various LTCC parameters, for example chock convergences, top coal failure behavior, strata cavingmechanism, abutment stresses and vertical stresses, were evaluated for a mine using COSFLOW.

关键词： LTCC COSFLOW Cosserat FEM Modeling Simulation

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