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Delivering forestry courses online:experiences,lessons learned,and future of forestry online education in the Asia Pacifi c

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第4期34卷 1175-1194页

作者： anil shrestha Jodi Crawford Hailan Chen Shiyi Zhang Na Zhong Michelle Zeng Guangyu Wang Asia Forest Research Center Faculty of ForestryUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBC V6T 1Z4Canada Center of Teaching Learningand TechnologyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBC V6T 1Z4Canada Asia-Pacifi c Network for Sustainable Forest Management and Rehabilitation Beijing 100102People’s Republic of China

Innovation in forestry education is needed to address changing contexts of the positionality of *** is particularly signifi cant in the Asia–Pacifi c region,where deforestation and degradation are ***,the accessibility of high-quality forestry education to address changing regional and global contexts is lacking.A series of innovative sustainable forest management(SFM)open education resource(OER)courses were developed and implemented to improve the accessibility of SFM education to enhance teaching quality,curriculum,and research capacity of universities in the Asia-Pacifi c *** evaluate the SFM-OER program in terms of student experiences,this study investigated student achievement,perceived success of the pedagogical approach and instructional design,and perceived eff ectiveness of the learning activities in promoting active and transformative learning through the assessment of a 1,191-course feedback survey between 2018 and 2020,including the global *** study revealed that the program attracted diverse student demographics,including a higher proportion of female students majoring in forestry,ecology,and other environmental *** primary motivation to participate in the courses was to gain international experience,followed by the fl exibility of online learning,mandatory course requirements,and earning course *** were satisfi ed with the Canvas learning management *** students spent less than 5 to 10 h of their weekly time in the course and agreed or strongly agreed that the workloads were *** refl ected positively on various learning activities and assignments,such as watching lecture videos,taking quizzes,reading and summarizing,having discussions,and peer review ***,they did not clearly prefer specifi c learning activities,signifying the importance of using diverse learning activities to satisfy diverse individual learning styles in online *** analysis contribute

关键词： Sustainable Forest Management Online forestry education Pedagogy innovation Covid-19 Lessons learned Asia Pacifi c

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Inclusion of forestry offsets in emission trading schemes:insights from global experts

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第1期33卷 279-287页

作者： anil shrestha Sarah Eshpeter Nuyun Li Jinliang Li John O.Nile Guangyu Wang Asia Forest Research Centre Faculty of ForestryUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBC V6T 1Z4Canada China Green Carbon Foundation Beijing 100714People’s Republic of China Chinese Institute Green Carbon Beijing 100029People’s Republic of China The Carbon Institute San DiegoCA 92103USA

Emissions trading schemes(ETSs)have been a central component of international climate change policies,as a carbon pricing tool to achieve emissions reduction *** carbon offset credits have been leveraged in many ETSs to efficiently meet emission reduction targets,yet there is little knowledge about the perceptions,experiences,and challenges associated with the forest carbon offsetting in existing and pilot *** that the future inclusion of forest carbon offset in ETS management activities and policies will require strong support and acceptability among the institutions and experts involved in ETS,this study explores the experiences and lessons learned with 16 globally engaging experts representing major existing ETSs(North America,Europe,and New Zealand)and Chinese pilot ETSs towards the inclusion of forestry offsets,major concerns and challenges with existing implementation *** revealed that many respondents particularly from North America,New Zealand,and Chinese pilot systems portrayed positive attitudes toward the inclusion of forestry carbon offsets and its role in contributing to a viable ETS,while European experts were not *** cited leakage,permanence,additionality,and monitoring design features as the major challenges and concerns that inhibit the expansion and inclusion of forest carbon *** from Chinese pilot schemes referenced a unique set of challenges related to implementation,including the increasing cost of afforestation and reforestation projects,the uncertainty in the future supply and demand for their national Certified Emissions Reduction(CER)scheme and landowner *** and future ETSs should learn from and address the challenges experienced by global experts and carbon pricing mechanisms to design,evaluate,or enhance their forest carbon offset programs for an effective and viable system that successfully contributes to GHG mitigation practices *** recommend inclu

关键词： Emission trading scheme Forest carbon offsets Climate change Cap and trade Carbon

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Key challenges and approaches to addressing barriers in forest carbon offset projects

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第4期33卷 1109-1122页

作者： Chunyu Pan anil shrestha John LInnes Guomo Zhou Nuyun Li Jinliang Li Yeyun He Chunguang Sheng John-ONiles Guangyu Wang Faculty of Forestry University of British Columbia2424 Main MallVancouverBC V6T 1Z4Canada Zhejiang Prov Key Lab of Carbon Cycling Forest Ecosystem Zhejiang A&F UniversityLinan 311300People’s Republic of China China Green Carbon Foundation No.18Hepingli DongjieBeijing 100714People’s Republic of China College of Economics and Management Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbin 150040People’s Republic of China University of California San Diego9500 Gilman DriveLa JollaSan DiegoCA 92093USA

Forest carbon offset(FCO)projects play an increasingly important role in mitigating climate change through market mechanisms in both compliance and voluntary ***,there are challenges and barriers to developing an FCO project,such as carbon leakage and cost-eff *** have been few attempts to summarize and synthesize all types and aspects of existing challenges and possible solutions for FCO *** paper systematically reviews and discusses the current challenges involved in developing FCO projects,and then draws on the experience and lessons of existing projects to show how those challenges were addressed in world-leading voluntary carbon standards,namely the Verifi ed Carbon Standard,the American Carbon Registry,the Climate Action Reserve,and Plan *** voluntary markets have rich experience in FCO projects and are responsible for a signifi cant share of the *** the 53 publications used in this analysis,three broad thematic categories of challenges *** were related to methodology,socio-economic implications,and *** challenges,particularly additionality,permanence,and leakage,were the focus of 46%of the selected research papers,while socio-economic challenges,including transaction,social,and opportunity costs,were addressed by 35%.The remaining 19%of the research articles focused on implementational challenges related to monitoring,reporting,and verifi *** voluntary standards adequately addressed most of the methodological and implementational barriers by adopting various ***,the standards did not adequately address socio-economic issues,despite these being the second most frequently discussed theme in the papers *** research is clearly needed on the socio-economic challenges involved in the development of FCO *** the development of high-quality forestry carbon off set projects,there are many challenges and no simple,universal recipe for addressi

关键词： Forest carbon Offset schemes Market mechanisms Challenges Opportunities

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Shifting dynamics of nature, society and agriculture in the Hindu Kush Himalayas: Perspectives for future mountain development

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第5期16卷 1133-1149页

作者： BHATTA Laxmi Dutt shrestha anil NEUPANE Nilhari JODHA Narpat Singh WU Ning International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) Department of Viticulture and Enology California State UniversityFresno Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)

Current approaches for sustainable mountain development have several persisting warning signals. Economic globalization, profitoriented market development, and infrastructure development have significantly altered traditional nature-society interactions, increased environmental pressures, and challenged agricultural sustainability in the mountains. Some of the effects of globalization could also be beneficial. Social differentiation and disintegration of mountain communities' have weakened their collective stakes on natural resources resulting in decline in initiatives such as community forestry, collective water management, domestication of rapidly disappearing herbal species, and balancing of economic and ecological concerns. Population growth, food insecurity, unemployment, and increasing economic gaps between rich and poor have led to out-migration of youth. Sustained action promoting ownership of new initiatives for rehabilitating degraded mountain landscapes through macro-level global/national initiatives, mountain specific planning and development efforts is severely lacking in many areas on the Hindu Kush Himalayan region. Therefore, there is an urgent need for widening the scope of efforts directed to help mountain areas and communities, and a future thinking approach to enhance the sustainability of mountain areas as they are a valuable natural resource for humankind. This paper discusses the issues, opportunities, and provides suggestions for the future of mountain development.

关键词： Environment Migration Mountain agriculture Mountain development Sustainability

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Impacts of road on plant invasions in the Middle Mountain region of central Nepal

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第2期21卷 619-632页

作者： Ananda ADHIKARI Adarsha SUBEDI Achyut TIWARI Bharat Babu shrestha Central Department of Botany Tribhuvan UniversityKirtipur 44618Nepal

Biological invasion is triggered by human development activities such as the construction and expansion of road *** verges serve as important habitats and corridors for the distribution of invasive alien plant species(IAPS)between geographically distant ***,the trajectory of plant invasion and the data regarding the impact of roads on IAPS distribution are relatively poor in ***,we surveyed two road types(main roads and feeder road)in the Middle Mountain region of central Nepal in order to investigate how different road types are driving the dispersal of IAPS along road verges and the adjacent natural *** sampling was conducted at ca 2.5 km intervals along the *** each sampling site,paired plots(25 m×4 m)were sampled:one adjacent to and along the road,and another 20 m away and parallel to it in the interior *** results revealed that the main road verges had a higher cover(33%)and a larger number of IAPS(14 species)than the feeder road(25%;10 species).The IAPS cover and richness were significantly higher along verges than in the adjacent interior habitats for both road types,indicating that roads are contributing as corridors for the dispersal of IAPS in the Middle Mountain areas of central ***,elevation,tree canopy,and disturbances(grazing/mowing/trampling)were found to be the key factors that determine spatial distribution of IAPS along road *** emphasize that regular monitoring of vegetation along the road verges can help with the early detection and control of potential IAPS in the region before they become problematic.

关键词： Biological invasions Dispersal corridor Invasive alien plants Transport infrastructure Himalayan mountains

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Local perceptions of the conversion of cropland to forestland program in Jiangxi, Shaanxi, and Sichuan, China

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第5期30卷 1833-1847页

作者： Guangyu Wang Oliver Z.Ma Liguo Wang anil shrestha Baozhang Chen Feng Mi Shirong Liu Xiaomin Guo Sarah Eshpeter John L.Innes Asia Forest Research Centre Faculty of ForestryUniversity of British Columbia2424 Main MallVancouverBCCanada Land Resources and Environmental College Jiangxi Agricultural UniversityZhimin RdJingkai DistrictNanchang City 330004JiangxiPeople’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information System Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesNo.11A Datun RoadChaoyang DistrictBeijing 100101People’s Republic of China College of Business and Economics Beijing Forestry University#35 Qinghua East RdHaidian DistrictBeijing 100083People’s Republic of China Chinese Academy of Forestry Dongxiaofu No.1Haidian DistrictBeijing 100091People’s Republic of China

Numerous land-use policies have been implemented in China in recent decades for ecological restoration and conservation to reduce environmental disasters and promote environmental *** of these policies follow a top-down approach to implementation and as such,emphasize the hierarchical control within government *** understanding of local perceptions of land-use policies is important if the disconnect between policy makers and the target population is to be reduced and if program support is to *** study aimed to help improve local implementation,attitude toward,and engagement by examining the influence of socio-economic characteristics on the target population’s(local farmers)perception of the conversion of cropland to forestland program(CFPP)land use policy in Jiangxi,Sichuan,and Shaanxi *** uses logistical regression models,with robust aspects of perception including confidence,support,transparency,prospects,fairness,and willingness to *** indicate that social aspects as well as economic aspects are most important in influencing farmers’perceptions towards the *** farmers who have received technical support,rural male habitants,educated,and non-middle-aged farmers exhibit more positive perceptions of the program and are much more likely to support it,whereas farmers without any technical support or formal education,and female and middle-aged farmers are less likely to support the ***,this study also reveals the differences in responses,experiences and perceptions of the farmers living across different *** empirical results provide insight into the influence of socio-economic characteristics on the perception of farmers towards land-use policies,which has important implications for designing targeted policy instruments and increasing farmer support for these *** knowledge can be harnessed and further evaluated in future research to improve citizen engagement,support

关键词： Forest policy Ecological restoration Local perception Social sustainability Land-use and change China

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Assessment of SoilGrids data for soil erosion estimation at watershed scale:A case study in northern Thailand

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Pedosphere 2024年第4期34卷 797-813页

作者： Chike Onyeka MADUEKE Dhruba Pikha shrestha Panagiotis NYKTAS Department of Natural Resources Faculty of Geo-information Science and Earth Observation (ITC) University of Twente Department of Soil Science and Land Resources Management Nnamdi Azikiwe University Department of Applied Earth Sciences Faculty of Geo-information Science and Earth Observation (ITC) University of Twente

Soil erosion has been identified as one of the most destructive forms of land degradation, posing a threat to the sustainability of global economic, social and environmental systems. This underscores the need for sustainable land management that takes erosion control and prevention into consideration. This requires the use of state-of-the-art erosion prediction models. The models often require extensive input of detailed spatial and temporal data, some of which are not readily available in many developing countries, particularly detailed soil data. The soil dataset Global Gridded Soil Information(SoilGrids) could potentially fill the data gap. Nevertheless, its value and accuracy for soil erosion modelling in the humid tropics is still unknown, necessitating the need to assess its value vis-à-vis field-based data. The major objective of this study was to conduct a comparative assessment of the value of SoilGrids and field-based soil data for estimating soil loss. Soil samples were collected from five physiographic positions(summit, shoulder, back slope, foot slope, and toe slope) using the soil catena approach. Samples were collected using a 5-cm steel sample ring(undisturbed) and a spade(disturbed). Data of the landform, predominant vegetation types, canopy cover, average plant height, land use, soil depth, shear strength, and soil color were recorded for each site. The soil samples were subjected to laboratory analysis for saturated hydraulic conductivity, bulk density, particle size distribution, and organic matter content. Pedotransfer functions were applied on the SoilGrids and field-based data to generate soil hydrological properties. The resultant field-based data were compared with the SoilGrids data for corresponding points/areas to determine the potential similarities of the two datasets. Both datasets were then used as inputs for soil erosion assessment using the revised Morgan-Morgan-Finney model. The results from both datasets were again compared to det

关键词： field-based soil data hillslope modeling pedo-transfer functions similarity assessment soil erosion modelling

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Effectiveness of Music-Based Therapeutic Intervention on People with Dementia: A Rapid Review

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Advances in Alzheimer's Disease 2024年第2期13卷 35-47页

作者： Shreejeet shrestha Samikshya Karmacharya Yadav Prasad Joshi Prasa shrestha Department of Public Health Asian College for Advance Studies Lalitpur Nepal Department of Operation Theatre Gosford Hospital New South Wales Health Gosford Australia Faculty of Science Health and Technology Nepal Open University Lalitpur Nepal Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences Kathmandu Nepal Department of General Practice and Emergency Medicine Chitwan Medical College Bharatpur Nepal

Background: Dementia is a condition with progressive cognitive dysfunction and manifestation of both behavioral and psychosocial symptoms. Non-pharmacological measures such as music therapy are gaining importance since efficacy and safety of people with dementia have been questionable for pharmacological measures. Patient’s response to music is persistent even in the later stage of dementia. Aim: This rapid review aims to identify, analyze, evaluate, and summarize the best available evidence on the effectiveness of music-based therapeutic interventions among people with dementia. Method: CINAHL Cochrane Library, internet websites of rapid review producers, and reference lists were searched to identify articles for inclusion. Two reviewers independently screened the literature search results. Effectiveness, music-based therapeutic intervention, dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, systematic review and systematic review with meta-analysis terms were used to abstract data from included studies. Main Findings: 11 SRs and SRs with meta-analysis were reviewed which revealed positive effect of music therapy on five major outcomes with 9 studies effect on behavioral outcome, 6 studies with positive effect on psychosocial outcome reducing anxiety, 6 with improved cognition, 1 study revealed with improved quality of life and 1 study revealed effect on physiological outcomes. Conclusion: Music therapy has positive effect on treatment of dementia but further studies with larger sample size and specified to single intervention should be conducted to provide generalisable and precise results on this topic.

关键词： Dementia Rapid Review Music Therapy Behavioral Cognitive Quality of Life

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The role of active case finding in reducing patient incurred catastrophic costs for tuberculosis in Nepal

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2019年第6期8卷 61-75页

作者： Suman Chandra Gurung Kritika Dixit Bhola Rai Maxine Caws Puskar Raj Paudel Raghu Dhital Shraddha Acharya Gangaram Budhathoki Deepak Malla Jens W.Levy Job van Rest Knut Lonnroth Kerri Viney Andrew Ramsay Tom Wingfield Buddha Basnyat anil Thapa Bertie Squire Duolao Wang Gokul Mishra Kashim Shah anil shrestha Noemia Teixeira de Siqueira-Filha Birat Nepal Medical Trust KathmanduNepal Department of Clinical Sciences Liverpool School of Tropical MedicineLiverpoolUK KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation The HagueNetherlands Department of Public Health Sciences Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden Research School of Population Health Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia University of St Andrews St AndrewsUK University of Liverpool LiverpoolUK Oxford University Clinical Research Unit KathmanduNepal National Tuberculosis Centre BhaktapurNepal Nick Simons Institute LalitpurNepal Institute for Health Technology Assessment Porto AlegreBrazil

Background:The World Health Organization(WHO)End TB Strategy has established a milestone to reduce the number of tuberculosis(TB)-affected households facing catastrophic costs to zero by *** role of active case finding(ACF)in reducing patient costs has not been determined *** study therefore aimed to compare costs incurred by TB patients diagnosed through ACF and passive case finding(PCF),and to determine the prevalence and intensity of patient-incurred catastrophic costs in ***:The study was conducted in two districts of Nepal:Bardiya and Pyuthan(Province No.5)between June and August *** hundred patients were included in this study in a 1:1 ratio(PCF:ACF,25 consecutive ACF and 25 consecutive PCF patients in each district).The WHO TB patient costing tool was applied to collect information from patients or a member of their family regarding indirect and direct medical and non-medical *** costs were calculated based on the proportion of patients with total costs exceeding 20%of their annual household *** intensity of catastrophic costs was calculated using the positive overshoot *** chi-square and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare proportions and ***,the Mantel Haenszel test was performed to assess the association between catastrophic costs and type of ***:Ninety-nine patients were interviewed(50 ACF and 49 PCF).Patients diagnosed through ACF incurred lower costs during the pre-treatment period(direct medical:USD 14 vs USD 32,P=0.001;direct non-medical:USD 3 vs USD 10,P=0.004;indirect,time loss:USD 4 vs USD 13,P<0.001).The cost of the pre-treatment and intensive phases combined was also lower for direct medical(USD 15 vs USD 34,P=0.002)and non-medical(USD 30 vs USD 54,P=0.022)costs among ACF *** prevalence of catastrophic direct costs was lower for ACF patients for all thresholds.A lower intensity of catastrophic costs was also documented for ACF patients,altho

关键词： Tuberculosis Case finding Cost Catastrophic cost Patient-incurred cost Nepal

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Subclinical hepatitis E virus genotype 1 infection:The concept of“dynamic human reservoir”

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第4期16卷 506-510页

作者： Ananta shrestha Suresh Basnet Sudhamshu KC Department of Hepatology Alka HospitalKathmandu 44600Nepal Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21201United States Department of Hepatology National Academy of Medical SciencesKathmandu 44600Nepal

Hepatitis E virus(HEV)is hyperendemic in South Asia and Africa accounting for half of total Global HEV *** are eight genotypes of *** them,the four common ones known to infect humans,genotypes 1 and 2 are prevalent in the developing world and genotypes 3 and 4 are causing challenge in the industrialized *** HEV viremia in the general population,especially among blood donors,has been reported in the literature *** clinical implications related to this asymptomatic viremia are unclear and need further *** of viremia due to HEV genotype 1 infection,apparently among healthy blood donors is also reported without much knowledge about its infection ***,while HEV genotype 3 is known to be transmitted via blood transfusion in humans and has been subjected to screening in many European nations,instances of transmission have also been documented albeit without significant clinical *** of HEV genotype 1 in endemic areas often show waxing and waning *** sporadic occurrence of HEV infection interrupted by outbreaks have been frequently *** absence of known animal reservoir,where HEV exists in between outbreak is a mystery that needs further ***,occurrence of asymptomatic HEV viremia due to HEV genotype 1 during epidemiologically quiescent period may explain that this phenomenon may act as a dynamic *** HEV genotype 1 infection cannot cause chronicity,subclinical transient infection and transmission of virus might be the reason it sustains in interepidemic *** might be the similar phenomenon with SARS COVID-19 corona virus infection which is circulating worldwide in distinct phases with peaks and plateaus despite vaccination against *** view of existing evidence,we propose the concept of“Dynamic Human Reservoir.”Quiescent subclinical infection of HEV without any clinical consequences and subsequent transmission may contribute to the ex

关键词： Hepatitis E Viral hepatitis Genotype 1 Dynamic human reservoir Subclinical infection

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