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Pacing profiles and tactical behaviors of elite runners

Journal of Sport and Health Science 2021年第5期10卷 537-549页

作者： Arturo Casado Brian Hanley Pedro Jimenez-Reyes andrew Renfree Faculty of Health Sciences Isabel I UniversityBurgos 09003Spain Carnegie School of Sports Leeds Beckett UniversityLeeds LS63QSUK Centre for Sport Studies Rey Juan Carlos UniversityMadrid 28943Spain Institute of Sport and Exercise Science University of WorcesterWorcester WR26AJUK

the pacing behaviors used by elite athletes differ among individual sports,necessitating the study of sport-specific pacing ***,pacing behaviors adopted by elite runners differ depending on race ***“all-out”strategy,characterized by initial rapid acceleration and reduction in speed in the later stages,is observed during 100 m and 200 m events;400 m runners also display positive pacing patterns,which is characterized by a reduction in speed throughout the ***,800 m runners typically adopt a positive pacing strategy during paced“meet”***,during championship races,depending on the tactical approaches used by dominant athletes,pacing can be either positive or negative(characterized by an increase in speed throughout).A U-shaped pacing strategy(characterized by a faster start and end than during the middle part of the race)is evident during world record performances at meet races in 1500 m,5000 m,and 10,000 m *** a parabolic J-shaped pacing profile(in which the start is faster than the middle part of the race but is slower than the endspurt)can be observed during championship 1500 m races,a negative pacing strategy with microvariations of pace is adopted by 5000 m and 10,000 m runners in championship *** cross country and marathon championship races are characterized by a positive pacing strategy;whereas a U-shaped pacing strategy,which is the result of a fast endspurt,is adopted by 3000 m steeplechasers and half *** contrast,recent world record marathon performances have been characterized by even pacing,which emphasizes the differences between championship and meet races at distances longer than 800 *** reviewed suggest further recommendations for *** the whole race,800 m runners should avoid running wide on the *** turn,during major championship events,1500 m,5000 m,and 10,000 m runners should try to run close to the inside of the track as much as possible during t

关键词： Athletics Distance running Pacing Sprinting

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Effect of Niobium on transformations From Austenite to Ferrite in Low Carbon Steels

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2011年第S1期18卷 208-212页

作者： Parker Sally Rose andrew West Geoff thomson Rachel Steel Metallurgy Department Tata Steel RD and TSwinden Technology CentreRotherhamS60 3ARUK Department of Materials Loughborough UniversityLoughboroughLE11 3TUUK

Niobium has an important effect on the transformation behaviour,grain size refinement and precipitation strengthening during hot rolling and subsequent cooling in low carbon steels,with even a low content of niobium having a strong effect on the transformation rate from austenite to ***,the effects of niobium on transformation behaviour have not been fully characterised and understood to *** paper examines in detail austenite grain growth as a function of austenitisation time in high strength low alloy (HSLA) steels with three different niobium contents,together with the effect of niobium on the isothermal transformation kinetics from austenite to ferrite as a function of *** is shown that austenite has the slowest grain growth rate in the steel with the highest niobium *** austenite grain sizes are consistent,the steel with the highest niobium content was found to have the slowest transformation rate from austenite to ferrite.

关键词： niobium transformation kinetics austenite grain growth low carbon steels

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High-throughput predictions of metal-organic framework electronic properties:theoretical challenges,graph neural networks,and data exploration

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 1053-1062页

作者： andrew S.Rosen Victor Fung Patrick Huck Cody t.O’Donnell Matthew K.Horton Donald G.truhlar Kristin A.Persson Justin M.Notestein Randall Q.Snurr Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science University of CaliforniaBerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA Materials Science Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL60208USA Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA Energy technologies Area Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA Department of Chemistry Chemical Theory Centerand Minnesota Supercomputing InstituteUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA Molecular Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA

With the goal of accelerating the design and discovery of metal–organic frameworks(MOFs)for electronic,optoelectronic,and energy storage applications,we present a dataset of predicted electronic structure properties for thousands of MOFs carried out using multiple density functional *** to more accurate hybrid functionals,we find that the widely used PBE generalized gradient approximation(GGA)functional severely underpredicts MOF band gaps in a largely systematic manner for semi-conductors and insulators without magnetic ***,an even larger and less predictable disparity in the band gap prediction is present for MOFs with open-shell 3d transition metal *** regards to partial atomic charges,we find that different density functional approximations predict similar charges overall,although hybrid functionals tend to shift electron density away from the metal centers and onto the ligand environments compared to the GGA point of *** more significant differences in partial atomic charges are observed when comparing different charge partitioning *** conclude by using the dataset of computed MOF properties to train machine-learning models that can rapidly predict MOF band gaps for all four density functional approximations considered in this work,paving the way for future high-throughput screening *** encourage exploration and reuse of the theoretical calculations presented in this work,the curated data is made publicly available via an interactive and user-friendly web application on the Materials Project.

关键词： charges electronic centers

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timescales of geological processes: Preface

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第1期10卷 1-3页

作者： andrew Putnis Christopher J.Spencer tom Raimondo the Institute for Geoscience Research School of Earth and Planetary Science Curtin University School of Natural and Built Environments University of South Australia

*** One of the major challenges in Geoscience is to understand how the formation and evolution of the Earth System are governed by timescales-that is,how the various geological processes that continue to contribute to its present-day structure and composition operated in the deep *** traditional view of such processes refers to events that occur at immense spatial scales and over hundreds of millions of years,constrained in most cases by the ages of rocks determined using isotopic dating methods or the fossil ***,the modern view of geological processes has increasingly acknowledged that their durations can be significantly shorter than previously thought possible,or indeed detectable without recent analytical *** are a prime example of rapid,high energy and episodic events that have a profound effect on subsequent processes such as metamorphism,fluid transport,and ore formation e the evidence of which is written in microstructures,compositional zoning,and P-t *** studies have also revealed that the reaction rates between fluids and rocks can be extremely rapid relative to geological *** has led to the notion that geological processes are not necessarily continuous over millions of years but may,in fact,be sporadic,with long periods where essentially no reactions take place punctuated by periods of intense activity.

关键词： In Preface timescales of geological processes

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Impact of medical therapy on patients with Crohn's disease requiring surgical resection

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第33期20卷 11808-11814页

作者： Yt Nancy Fu thomas Hong andrew Round Brian Bressler Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine University of British Columbia St. Paul’s Hospital Vancouver BC V6Z 1Y6 Canada Faculty of Medicine University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z3 Canada GI Clinic and Gastrointestinal Research Institute Vancouver BC V6Z 2K5 Canada

AIM: to evaluate the impact of medical therapy on Crohn’s disease patients undergoing their first surgical resection.

关键词： Crohn's disease Surgery Medication Phe-notype Biologics Anti-tumor necrosis factor Immuno-modulators Inflammatory bowel disease

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Nationwide trends and predictors of inpatient mortality in 83884 transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第25期22卷 5780-5789页

作者： Edward Wolfgang Lee andrew Kuei Sammy Saab Ronald W Busuttil Francisco Durazo Steven-Huy Han Mohamed M El-Kabany Justin P Mc Williams Stephen t Kee Department of Radiology Division of Interventional Radiology Ronald Reagan Medical Center at UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Department of Medicine Division of Hepatology Pfleger Liver Institute University of California at Los Angeles Dumont-UCLA transplant Center Pfleger Liver Institute Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation Department of Surgery David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles

AIM: to evaluate and validate the national trends and predictors of in-patient mortality of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (tIPS) in 15 ***: Using the National Inpatient Sample which is a part of Health Cost and Utilization Project, we identified a discharge-weighted national estimate of 83884 tIPS procedures performed in the United States from 1998 to 2012 using international classification of diseases-9 procedural code 39.1. the demographic, hospital and co-morbility data were analyzed using a multivariant analysis. Using multi-nominal logistic regression analysis, we determined predictive factors related to increases in-hospital mortality. Comorbidity measures are in accordance to the Comorbidity Software designed by the Agency for Healthcare Research and ***: Overall, 12.3% of patients died during hospitalization with downward trend in-hospital mortality with the mean length of stay of 10.8 ± 13.1 d. Notable, African American patients (OR = 1.809 vs Caucasian patients, P transferred patients (OR = 1.347 vs non-transferred, P tive cases, P tients in the Northeast region (OR = 1.449 vs West, P tly higher odds of in-hospital mortality. Number of diagnoses and number of procedures showed positive correlations with in-hospital death (OR = 1.249 per one increase in number of procedures). Patients diagnosed with acute respiratory failure (OR = 8.246), acute kidney failure (OR = 4.359), hepatic encephalopathy (OR = 2.217) and esophageal variceal bleeding (OR = 2.187) were at considerably higher odds of in-hospital death compared with ascites (OR = 0.136, P ty measures with the highest odds of in-hospital death were fluid and electrolyte disorders (OR = 2.823), coagulopathy (OR = 2.016), and lymphoma (OR = 1.842).CONCLUSION: the overall mortality of the tIPS procedure is stea

关键词： transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt Mortality Inpatient United States National Inpatient Sample database Health Cost and Utilization Project

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Multicenter evaluation of recurrence in endoscopic submucosal dissection and endoscopic mucosal resection in the colon:A Western perspective

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2023年第6期15卷 458-468页

作者： Mike t Wei Margaret J Zhou andrew A Li andrew Ofosu Joo Ha Hwang Shai Friedland Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Stanford University Medical CenterPalo AltoCA 94306United States Department of Gastroenterology University of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOH 45267United States

BACKGROUND While colon endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR)is an effective technique,removal of larger polyps often requires piecemeal resection,which can increase recurrence *** submucosal dissection(ESD)in the colon offers the ability for en bloc resection and is well-described in Asia,but there are limited studies comparing ESD vs EMR in the *** to evaluate different techniques in endoscopic resection of large polyps in the colon and to identify factors for *** the study is a retrospective comparison of ESD,EMR and knife-assisted endoscopic resection performed at Stanford University Medical Center and Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System between 2016 and ***-assisted endoscopic resection was defined as use of electrosurgical knife to facilitate snare resection,such as for circumferential ***≥18 years of age undergoing colonoscopy with removal of polyp(s)≥20 mm were *** primary outcome was recurrence on *** A total of 376 patients and 428 polyps were *** polyp size was greatest in the ESD group(35.8 mm),followed by knife-assisted endoscopic resection(33.3 mm)and EMR(30.5 mm)(Pt en bloc resection(90.4%)followed by knife-assisted endoscopic resection(31.1%)and EMR(20.2%)(Ptotal of 287 polyps had follow-up(67.1%).On follow-up analysis,recurrence rate was lowest in knife-assisted endoscopic resection(0.0%)and ESD(1.3%)and highest in EMR(12.9%)(P=0.0017).En bloc polyp resection had significantly lower rate of recurrence(1.9%)compared to non-en bloc(12.0%,P=0.003).On multivariate analysis,ESD(in comparison to EMR)adjusted for polyp size was found to significantly reduce risk of recurrence[adjusted hazard ratio 0.06(95%CI:0.01-0.57,P=0.014)].CONCLUSION In our study,EMR had significantly higher recurrence compared to ESD and knife-assisted endoscopic *** found factors including resection by ESD,en bloc removal,and use of circumferentia

关键词： Endoscopic mucosal resection Endoscopic submucosal dissection Recurrence Colonoscopy Polypectomy

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th17 cells and their associated cytokines in liver diseases

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2010年第4期7卷 250-254页

作者： Fouad Lafdil andrew M Miller Sung Hwan Ki Bin Gao Section on Liver Biology Laboratory of Physiologic StudiesNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and AlcoholismNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA INSERM U955Cre´teilFrance Faculte´de Me´decine Universite´Paris 12Cre´teilFrance

t helper 17(th17)cells are a newly identified subset of t helper cells that play important roles in host defense against extracellular bacteria as well as in the pathogenesis of autoimmune *** functions of th17 cells are mediated via the production of several cytokines including interleukin(IL)-17 and *** studies show that the frequency of IL-171 cells is significantly elevated in a variety of chronic liver diseases including alcoholic liver disease,viral hepatitis and hepatocellular ***-17 receptor is expressed virtually on all types of liver cells,while IL-22 receptor expression is restricted to epithelial cells including hepatocytes in the ***-17 seems to play an important role in inducing liver inflammation via stimulating multiple types of liver nonparenchymal cells to produce proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines,while IL-22 appears to be an important factor in promoting hepatocyte survival and proliferation.

关键词： IL-17 IL-22 hepatitis alcoholic liver disease liver cancer

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Risk assessment of venous thromboembolism in inflammatory bowel disease by inherited risk in a population-based incident cohort

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第39期29卷 5494-5502页

作者： andrew S Rifkin Zhuqing Shi Jun Wei Siqun Lilly Zheng Brian t Helfand Jonathan S Cordova Vincent F Biank Alfonso J tafur Omar Khan Jianfeng Xu Program for Personalized Cancer Care NorthShore University HealthSystemEvanstonIL 60201United States Department of Surgery NorthShore University HealthSystemEvanstonIL 60201United States Pritzker School of Medicine University of ChicagoChicagoIL 60637United States Department of Pediatrics NorthShore University HealthSystemEvanstonIL 60201United States Cardiovascular Institute NorthShore University HealthSystemEvanstonIL 60201United States Department of Medicine NorthShore University HealthSystemEvanstonIL 60201United States

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),including Crohn’s disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis(UC),is a chronic inflammatory disease of the digestive tract with increasing prevalence *** venous thromboembolism(VtE)is a major complication in IBD patients,it is often underappreciated with limited tools for risk *** to estimate the proportion of VtE among IBD patients and assess genetic risk factors(monogenic and polygenic)for *** Incident VtE was followed for 8465 IBD patients in the UK Biobank(UKB).the associations of VtE with F5 factor V leiden(FVL)mutation,F2 G20210A prothrombin gene mutation(PGM),and polygenic score(PGS003332)were tested using Cox hazards regression analysis,adjusting for age at IBD diagnosis,gender,and genetic background(top 10 principal components).the performance of genetic risk factors for discriminating VtE diagnosis was estimated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC).RESULtS the overall proportion of incident VtE was 4.70%in IBD patients and was similar for CD(4.46%),UC(4.49%),and unclassified(6.42%),and comparable to that of cancer patients(4.66%)who are well-known at increased risk for *** carriers of F5/F2 had a significantly increased risk for VtE compared to non-mutation carriers,hazard ratio(HR)was 1.94,95%confidence interval(CI):*** contrast,patients with the top PGS decile had a considerably higher risk for VtE compared to those with intermediate scores(middle 8 deciles),HR was 2.06(95%CI:1.57-2.71).the AUC for differentiating VtE diagnosis was 0.64(95%CI:0.61-0.67),0.68(95%CI:0.66-0.71),and 0.69(95%CI:0.66-0.71),respectively,for F5/F2 mutation carriers,PGS,and *** Similar to cancer patients,VtE complications are common in IBD *** provides more informative risk information than F5/F2 mutations(FVL and PGM)for personalized thromboprophylaxis.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Venous thromboembolism Polygenic score Factor V leiden Prothrombin gene mutation

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tryptophan:A gut microbiota-derived metabolites regulating inflammation

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and therapeutics 2017年第1期8卷 7-9页

作者： Lucie Etienne-Mesmin Benoit Chassaing andrew t Gewirtz Center for Inflammation Immunityand InfectionInstitute for Biomedical SciencesGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGA 30303United States

Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD), which comprise Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are chronic intestinal disorders with an increased prevalence and incidence over the last decade in many different regions over the world. the etiology of IBD is still not well defined, but evidence suggest that it results from per-turbation of the homeostasis between the intestinal microbiota and the mucosal immune system, with the involvement of both genetic and environmental factors. Genome wide association studies, which involve large-scale genome-wide screening of potential polymorphism, have identified several mutations associated with IBD. Among them, Card9, a gene encoding an adapter molecule involved in innate immune response to fungi(via type C-lectin sensing) through the activation of IL-22 signaling pathway, has been identified as one IBD susceptible genes. Dietary compounds, which represent a source of energy and metabolites for gut bacteria, are also appreciated to be important actors in the etiology of IBD, for example by altering gut microbiota composition and by regulating the generation of short chain fatty acids. A noteworthy study published in the June 2016 issue of Nature Medicine by Lamas and colleagues investigates the interaction between Card9 and the gut microbiota in the generation of the microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolite. this study highlights the role of tryptophan in dampening intestinal inflammation in susceptible hosts.

关键词： Intestinal inflammation tryptophan Microbiota

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