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Effects of different organic fertilizers on nitrous oxide and methane emissions from double-cropping rice fields

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Pedosphere 2024年第1期34卷 52-62页

作者： Mingcheng HU andrew j.WADE Weishou SHEN Zhenfang ZHONG Chongwen QIU Xiangui LIN jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment TechnologySchool of Environmental Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Department of Geography and Environmental Science University of ReadingReading RG66 DWUK Haina Research Institute of Guangdong Haina Agricultural Co. Ltd.Huizhou 516000China State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China

Rice fields are a major source of greenhouse gases,such as nitrous oxide (N_(2)O) and methane (CH_(4)).Organic fertilizers may potentially replace inorganic fertilizers to meet the nitrogen requirement for rice growth;however,the simultaneous effects of organic fertilizers on N_(2)O and CH_(4)emissions and crop yield in paddy fields remain poorly understood and *** this study,experimental plots were established in conventional double-cropping paddy fields in the Pearl River Delta,China,including an unfertilized control and five fertilizer treatments with fresh organic fertilizer (FOF),successively composted organic fertilizer (SOF),chemically composted organic fertilizer (COF),COF supplemented with inorganic fertilizer (COIF),and chemical fertilizers (CFs)(TFOF,TSOF,TCOF,TCOIF,and TCF,respectively).Paddy field soils behaved simultaneously as an N_(2)O sink (cumulative N_(2)O emission:-196 to-381 g N ha^(-1)) and as a CH_(4)source (cumulative CH_(4)emission:719 to 2 178 kg ha^(-1)).Compared to CFs,the effects of organic fertilizers on N_(2)O emission were not *** contrast,total annual CH_(4)emission increased by 157%,132%,125%,and 37%in TFOF,TCOF,TSOF,and TCOIF,respectively,compared to *** TCOIF,rice yield was maintained,while CH_(4)emission was not significantly increased from the paddy fields characterized by a prolonged flood *** important next step is to extend these field-based measurements to larger rice cultivation areas to quantify the regional and national-scale impacts on greenhouse gas emissions and to help determine the optimum practice for fertilizer use.

关键词： crop production global warming potential greenhouse gases manure paddy sustainable agriculture

Etiology and management of urethral calculi:A systematic review of contemporary series

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Asian journal of Urology 2024年第1期11卷 10-18页

作者： andrew Morton Arsalan Tariq Nigel Dunglison Rachel Esler Matthew j.Roberts Faculty of Medicine The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Department of Urology Ipswich HospitalQueenslandAustralia Department of Urology Royal Brisbane and Women's HospitalQueenslandAustralia The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research HerstonAustralia

Objective:To conduct a systematic literature review on urethral calculi in a contemporary cohort describing etiology,investigation,and management ***:A systematic search of MEDLINE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials(CENTRAL)databases was ***,including case reports and case series on urethral calculi published between january 2000 and December 2019,were ***-text manuscripts were reviewed for clinical parameters including symptomatology,etiology,medical history,investigations,treatment,and *** were collated and analyzed with univariate ***:Seventy-four publications met inclusion criteria,reporting on 95 *** symptoms(41.1%),pain(40.0%),and acute urinary retention(32.6%)were common presenting *** calculi were most often initially investigated using plain X-ray(63.2%),with almost all radio-opaque(98.3%).Urethral calculi were frequently associated with coexistent bladder or upper urinary tract calculi(16.8%)and underlying urethral pathology(53.7%)including diverticulum(33.7%)or stricture(13.7%).Urethral calculi were most commonly managed with external urethrolithotomy(31.6%),retrograde manipulation(22.1%),and endoscopic in situ lithotripsy(17.9%).Conclusion:This unique systematic review of urethral calculi provided a summary of clinical features and treatment trends with a suggested treatment *** in contemporary urological practice should be according to calculus size,shape,anatomical location,and presence of urethral pathology.

关键词： Urinary calculi Urethra Urethral calculi Management algorithm

DeepRice: A deep learning and deep feature based classification of Rice leaf disease subtypes

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Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture 2024年第1期11卷 34-49页

作者： P.Isaac Ritharson Kumudha Raimond X.Anitha Mary jennifer Eunice Robert andrew j Department of CSE Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences CoimbatoreTamilnaduIndia Department of Robotics Engineering Karunya Institute of Technology and SciencesCoimbatoreIndia Department of Mechatronics Engineering Manipal Institute of TechnologyManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnataka 576104India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Manipal Institute of TechnologyManipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalKarnataka 576104India

Rice stands as a crucial staple food globally,with its enduring sustainability hinging on the prompt detection of rice leaf ***,efficiently detecting diseases when they have already occurred holds paramount importance for solving the cost of manual visual identification and chemical *** the recent past,the identification of leaf pathologies in crops predominantly relies on manual methods using specialized equipment,which proves to be time-consuming and *** study offers a remedy by harnessing Deep Learning(DL)and transfer learning techniques to accurately identify and classify rice leaf diseases.A comprehensive dataset comprising 5932 self-generated images of rice leaves was assembled along with the benchmark datasets,categorized into 9 classes irrespective of the extent of disease spread across the *** classes encompass diverse states including healthy leaves,mild and severe blight,mild and severe tungro,mild and severe blast,as well as mild and severe brown *** meticulous manual labelling and dataset segmentation,which was validated by horticulture experts,data augmentation strategies were implemented to amplify the number of *** datasets were subjected to evaluation using the proposed tailored Convolutional Neural Networks *** performance are scrutinized in conjunction with alternative transfer learning approaches like VGG16,Xception,ResNet50,DenseNet121,Inception ResnetV2,and Inception *** effectiveness of the proposed custom VGG16 model was gauged by its capacity to generalize to unseen images,yielding an exceptional accuracy of 99.94%,surpassing the benchmarks set by existing state-of-the-art ***,the layer wise feature extraction is also visualized as the interpretable AI.

关键词： Rice leaf disease Deep learning CNN Crop yield Agriculture Food security

Effects of organic fertilizers produced using different techniques on rice grain yield and ammonia volatilization in double-cropping rice fields

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Pedosphere 2024年第1期34卷 110-120页

作者： Mingcheng HU andrew jWADE Weishou SHEN Zhenfang ZHONG Chongwen QIU Xiangui LIN jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technologyand School of Environmental Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Department of Geography and Environmental Science University of ReadingReading RG65DWUK Haina Research Institute of Guangdong Haina Agricultural Co. Ltd.Huizhou 516000China State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China

Ammonia(NH_(3)) volatilization from rice fields contributes to poor air quality and indicates low nitrogen use efficiency. Although organic fertilizers can meet the nitrogen requirement for rice growth, the simultaneous effects of organic fertilizers on NH_(3) volatilization and rice yield in paddy fields are poorly understood and quantified. To address this gap in our knowledge, experimental field plots were established in a conventional double-cropping paddy field in the Pearl River Delta region, southern China. Five fertilizer treatments were used besides the control with no fertilizer: fresh organic fertilizer, successively composted organic fertilizer, chemically composted organic fertilizer, mixture of chemically composted organic fertilizer with inorganic fertilizer, and chemical fertilizer. Ammonia volatilization was measured using a batch-type airflow enclosure method. No significant differences in grain yield were observed among organic and chemical fertilizer treatments. However, compared with chemical fertilizer, chemically composted organic fertilizer and successively composted organic fertilizer significantly decreased total NH_(3) volatilization by 70% and 68%, respectively. The ammonium-nitrogen concentration in field surface water correlated strongly(P < 0.01) and positively with NH_(3) volatilization across fertilization treatments. Our findings demonstrate that chemically composted organic fertilizer can sustain rice yield while reducing NH_(3) volatilization. An important future step is to promote these field measurements to similar rice cultivation areas to quantify the regional-and national-scale impact on air quality and nitrogen deposition in sensitive areas, and to design and implement better fertilizer management practices.

关键词： air quality crop production manure NH_(3)emission nitrogen use efficiency

Four buildings and a flush:Lessons from degraded water quality and recommendations on building water management

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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2024年第2期18卷 104-113页

作者： Kyungyeon Ra Caitlin Proctor Christian Ley Danielle Angert Yoorae Noh Tolulope Odimayomi andrew j.Whelton Lyles School of Civil Engineering Purdue University550 Stadium Mall DriveWest LafayetteIN47907USA Agricultural and Biological Engineering Division of Environmental and Ecological EngineeringPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA Division of Environmental and Ecological Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Colorado1111 Engineering DriveBoulderCO80309USA Civil Architectural and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Texas301E E Dean Keeton StreetAustinTX78712USA Civil and Environmental Engineering Virginia Tech750 Drillfield DriveBlacksburgVA24061USA Lyles School of Civil Engineering Division of Environmental and Ecological EngineeringPurdue University550 Stadium Mall DriveWest LafayetteIN47907USA

A reduction in building occupancy can lead to stagnant water in plumbing,and the potential consequences for water quality have gained increasing *** investigate this,a study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic,focusing on water quality in four institutional *** of these buildings were old(>58 years)and large(>19,000 m2),while the other two were new(>13 years)and small(<11,000 m2).The study revealed significant decreases in water usage in the small buildings,whereas usage remained unchanged in the large *** analysis found that residual chlorine was rarely detectable in cold/drinking water ***,the pH,dissolved oxygen,total organic carbon,and total cell count levels in the first draw of cold water samples were similar across all ***,the ranges of heavy metal concentrations in large buildings were greater than observed in small ***(Cu),lead(Pb),and manganese(Mn)sporadically exceeded drinking water limits at cold water fixtures,with maximum concentrations of 2.7 mg Cu L^(-1),45.4 mg Pb L^(-1),1.9 mg Mn L^(-1).Flushing the plumbing for 5 min resulted in detectable residual at fixtures in three buildings,but even after 125 min of flushing in largest and oldest building,no residual chlorine was detected at the fixture closest to the building's point of *** the pandemic,the building owner conducted fixture flushing,where one to a few fixtures were operated per visit in buildings with hundreds of fixtures and multiple ***,further research is needed to understand the fundamental processes that control faucet water quality from the service line to the *** the absence of this knowledge,building owners should create and use as-built drawings to develop flushing plans and conduct periodic water testing.

关键词： COVID-19 pandemic Stagnation Drinking water quality Flushing

Machine learning-guided accelerated discovery of structure-property correlations in lean magnesium alloys for biomedical applications

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journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第6期12卷 2267-2283页

作者： Sreenivas Raguraman Maitreyee Sharma Priyadarshini Tram Nguyen Ryan McGovern andrew Kim Adam j.Griebel Paulette Clancy Timothy P.Weihs Department of Materials Science and Engineering Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A Hopkins Extreme Materials Institute Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A Translational Tissue Engineering Center Johns Hopkins School of Medicine400 N BroadwayBaltimore21231MDU.S.A Department of Biomedical Engineering Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A Research and Development Fort Wayne Metals Research ProductsLLC9609 Ardmore AveFort Wayne46809INU.S.A Department of Mechanical Engineering Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A

Magnesium alloys are emerging as promising alternatives to traditional orthopedic implant materials thanks to their biodegradability,biocompatibility,and impressive mechanical ***,their rapid in-vivo degradation presents challenges,notably in upholding mechanical integrity over *** study investigates the impact of high-temperature thermal processing on the mechanical and degradation attributes of a lean Mg-Zn-Ca-Mn alloy,*** rapid,cost-efficient characterization methods like X-ray diffraction and optical microscopy,we swiftly examine microstructural changes post-thermal *** Pearson correlation coefficient analysis,we unveil the relationship between microstructural properties and critical targets(properties):hardness and corrosion ***,leveraging the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO),we pinpoint the dominant microstructural factors among closely correlated *** findings underscore the significant role of grain size refinement in strengthening and the predominance of the ternary Ca_(2)Mg_(6)Zn_(3)phase in corrosion *** suggests that achieving an optimal blend of strength and corrosion resistance is attainable through fine grains and reduced concentration of ternary *** thorough investigation furnishes valuable insights into the intricate interplay of processing,structure,and properties in magnesium alloys,thereby advancing the development of superior biodegradable implant materials.

关键词： Magnesium alloys Machine learning Corrosion Mechanical properties Rapid characterization

Development of novel 5-FU modified siRNA against BCL-2 with enhanced efficacy and vehicle-free cellular uptake

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第1期11卷 23-25页

作者： andrew Fesler Ga-Ram Hwang jingfang ju Department of Pathology Renaissance School of MedicineStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNY 11794USA The Northport Veteran's Administration Medical Center NorthportNY 11768USA Curamir Therapeutics Inc. WoburnMA 01801USA

One of the major obstacles for nucleic acid-based medicine is cellular uptake due to the concern of efficiencyand potential toxicity of the *** this work,we developed a novel approach to eliminate the need for a vehicle to allow for the cellular uptake of siRNA-based therapy with a unique modification strategy that also further enhances therapeutic *** discovery may be of great importance for the development of siRNA-based therapeutics as cellular uptake remains a critical *** this study,we have tested the potential of this modification strategy for siRNA using a siRNA that targets B-cell lymphoma-2(BCL-2).

关键词： eliminate uptake modified

Outcomes following minimally invasive dorsal cheilectomy for hallux rigidus:A systematic review

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World journal of Orthopedics 2024年第6期15卷 585-592页

作者： Katherine Esser james j Butler Mackenzie Roof Nathaniel P Mercer Michael C Harrington Alan P Samsonov andrew j Rosenbaum john G Kennedy Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Toledo Medical Center University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOH 43614United States Department of Orthopedic Surgery NYU Langone HealthNew YorkNY 10002United States Department of Orthopedic Surgery Albany Medical CenterAlbanyNY 12208United States

BACKGROUND Cheilectomy of the 1^(st)metatarsophalangeal joint(MTPj)is one of the most common procedures for the management of hallux ***,there is no consensus regarding outcomes following minimally invasive dorsal cheilectomy(MIDC)for the management of hallux *** To evaluate outcomes following MIDC for the management of hallux *** During November 2023,the PubMed,EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases were systematically reviewed to identify clinical studies examining outcomes following MIDC for the management of hallux *** Six studies were *** total,348 patients(370 feet)underwent MIDC for hallux rigidus at a weighted mean follow-up of 37.9±16.5 *** distribution of patients by Coughlin and Shurna's classification was recorded in 4 studies as follows:Ⅰ(58 patients,27.1%),Ⅱ(112 patients,52.3%),Ⅲ(44 patients,20.6%).Three studies performed an additional 1^(st)MTPj arthroscopy and debridement following *** intra-articular bone debris was observed in 100%of patients in 1 *** weighted mean American orthopedic foot and ankle society score improved from a preoperative score of 68.9±3.2 to a postoperative score of *** complication rate was 8.4%,the most common of which was persistent joint pain and ***-two failures(8.7%)were ***-three secondary procedures(8.9%)were performed at a weighted mean time of 8.6±3.2 months following the index *** This systematic review demonstrated improvements in subjective clinical outcomes together with a moderate complication rate following MIDC for the management of hallux rigidus at short-term follow-up.A moderate reoperation rate at short-term follow-up was *** marked heterogeneity between included studies and paucity of high quality comparative studies limits the generation of any robust conclusions.

关键词： Minimally invasive dorsal cheilectomy Hallux rigidus The first metatarsophalangeal joint Cheilectomy Minimally invasive surgery

Error field penetration in j-TEXT tokamak based on two-fluid drift-MHD model

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第4期33卷 545-551页

作者：王文徐涛张仪 the j-TEXT team State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology International Joint Research Laboratory of Magnetic Confinement Fusion and Plasma PhysicsSchool of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

An externally generated resonant magnetic perturbation can induce complex non-ideal MHD responses in their resonant *** have studied the plasma responses using Fitzpatrick's improved two-fluid model and program *** calculated the error field penetration threshold for *** addition,we find that the island width increases slightly as the error field amplitude increases when the error field amplitude is below the critical penetration ***,the island width suddenly jumps to a large value because the shielding effect of the plasma against the error field disappears after the *** scanning the natural mode frequency,we find that the shielding effect of the plasma decreases as the natural mode frequency ***,we obtain the m/n=2/1 penetration threshold scaling on density and temperature.

关键词： plasma responses drift-MHD model error field penetration