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100% renewable energy with pumped-hydro-energy storage in Nepal

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Clean Energy 2021年第2期5卷 243-253页

作者： Sunil Prasad Lohani andrew Blakers School of Engineering Kathmandu UniversityPO BOX:6250DhulikhelKavreNepal College of Engineering and Computer Science Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia

A radical transformation of the global energy system is *** photovoltaics and wind now comprise three-quarters of the global net new electricity-generation-capacity additions because they are *** deep renewable electrification of energy services including transport,heating and industry will allow solar and wind to largely eliminate fossil fuels over the next few *** paper demonstrates that Nepal will be able to achieve energy self-sufficiency during the twenty-first *** has good solar and moderate hydroelectric potential but has negligible wind-and fossil-energy *** solar potential is about 100 times larger than that required to support a 100%solar-energy system in which all Nepalese citizens enjoy a similar per-person energy consumption to developed countries,without the use of fossil fuels and without the environmental degradation resulting from damming Nepal’s himalayan *** has vast low-cost off-river pumped hydro-energy-storage potential,thus eliminating the need for on-river hydro storage and moderating the need for large-scale ***,with support from hydro and battery storage,is likely to be the primary route for renewable electrification and rapid growth of the Nepalese energy system.

关键词： solar photovoltaics pumped-hydro-energy storage traditional biomass renewable energy national energy mix current scenario greenhouse gas

Effect of Artificial Intelligence on Social Trust in American Institutions

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Journal of Social Computing 2023年第3期4卷 221-231页

作者： andrew Collins Jason Jeffrey Jones the Department of Sociology Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNY 11790USA

In recent decades,social scientists have debated declining levels of trust in American *** the same time,many American institutions are coming under scrutiny for their use of artificial intelligence(AI)*** paper analyzes the results of a survey experiment over a nationally representative sample to gauge the effect that the use of AI has on the American public’s trust in their social institutions,including government,private corporations,police precincts,and *** find that artificial intelligence systems were associated with significant trust penalties when used by American police precincts,companies,and *** penalties were especially strong for American police precincts and,in most cases,were notably stronger than the trust penalties associated with the use of smartphone apps,implicit bias training,machine learning,and mindfulness ***’trust in institutions tends to be negatively impacted by the use of new *** there are significant variations in trust between different pairings of institutions and tools,generally speaking,institutions which use AI suffer the most significant loss of *** government agencies are a notable exception here,receiving a small but puzzling boost in trust when associated with the use of AI systems.

关键词： social trust artificial intelligence(AI) algorithm aversion

Evidence for fine-scale habitat specialisation in an invasive weed

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2018年第2期11卷 189-199页

作者： Daniel Z.Atwater Rebecca A.Fletcher Christopher C.Dickinson andrew h.Paterson Jacob N.Barney Virginia Tech Department of Plant PathologyPhysiology and Weed Science435 Old Glade RoadBlacksburgVA 24061USA University of Georgia Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory111 Riverbend RoadAthensGA 30606USA

Aims As an exotic species colonises a new continent,it must overcome enormous environmental variation in its introduced *** adaptation of introduced species has frequently been observed at the continent scale,particularly in response to latitudinal climatic ***,significant environmental heterogeneity can also exist at the landscape scale.A small number of studies have provided evidence that introduced species may also be capable of phenotypic and genetic differentiation at much smaller spatial *** example,previously we found US agricultural and non-agricultural populations of Sorghum halepense(Johnsongrass)to be phenotypically and genetically *** this study,we inves-tigated whether this phenotypic differentiation of agricultural and non-agricultural populations of *** is the result of fine-scale local *** We surveyed a nationally collected *** germplasm panel and also collected neighbouring agricultural and non-agricultural sub-populations of *** at four sites throughout Western Virginia,USA,raising seedlings in common conditions mimicking both agricultural and non-agricultural *** Findings At the national scale,we found evidence of habitat differentiation but not ***,at the local scale,we found evi-dence of specialisation in two of the four local populations to non-agricultural habitat,but no evidence of specialisation to agricultural *** results show that local specialisation is a possible,but not guaranteed consequence of kilometre-scale habitat heterogen-eity in invasive *** finding contributes to a growing aware-ness of the importance of fine-scale local adaptation in the ecology and management of introduced and weedy species.

关键词： Johnsongrass local adaptation rapid evolution Sorghum halepense(L.)

Measuring node decentralisation in blockchain peer to peer networks

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Blockchain(Research and Applications) 2023年第1期4卷 10-20页

作者： andrew howell Takfarinas Saber Malika Bendechache Blockdaemon Los AngelesCaliforniaCAUSA Lero—The Irish Software Research Centre LimerickV94 NYD3Ireland School of Computer Science National University of Ireland GalwayGalwayH91 TK33Ireland ADAPT—Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre Dublin 2Ireland

New blockchain platforms are launching at a high cadence,each fighting for attention,adoption,and infrastructure *** studies have measured the peer-to-peer(P2P)network decentralisation of Bitcoin and Ethereum(i.e.,two of the largest used platforms).however,with the increasing demand for blockchain infrastructure,it is important to study node decentralisation across multiple blockchain networks,especially those containing a small number of *** this paper,we propose NodeMaps,a data processing framework to capture,analyse,and visualise data from several popular P2P blockchain platforms,such as Cosmos,Stellar,Bitcoin,and Lightning *** compare and contrast the geographic distribution,the hosting provider diversity,and the software client variance in each of these *** our comparative analysis of node data,we found that Bitcoin and its Lightning Network Layer 2 protocol are widely decentralised P2P blockchain platforms,with the largest geographical reach and a high proportion of nodes operating on The Onion Router(TOR)privacy-focused *** and Stellar blockchains have reduced node participation,with nodes predominantly operating in large cloud providers or well-known data centres.

关键词： Blockchain Peer-to-Peer Decentralisation Networks Bitcoin Lightning Network Cosmos Stellar The Onion Router(TOR)

RTP-based broadcast streaming of high definition h.264/AVC video: an error robustness evaluation

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2006年第Z1期7卷 19-26页

作者： hILLESTAD Odd Inge JETLUND Ola PERKIS andrew Centre for Quantifiable Quality of Service in Communication Systems Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim N-7491Norway

In this work, we present an evaluation of the performance and error robustness of RTP-based broadcast streaming of high-quality high-definition (hD) h.264/AVC video. Using a fully controlled IP test bed (hillestad et al., 2005), we broadcast high-definition video over RTP/UDP, and use an IP network emulator to introduce a varying amount of randomly distributed packet loss. A high-performance network interface monitoring card is used to capture the video packets into a trace file. Purpose-built software parses the trace file, analyzes the RTP stream and assembles the correctly received NAL units into an h.264/AVC Annex B byte stream file, which is subsequently decoded by JVT JM 10.1 reference software. The proposed measurement setup is a novel, practical and intuitive approach to perform error resilience testing of real-world h.264/AVC broadcast applications. Through a series of experiments, we evaluate some of the error resilience features of the h.264/AVC standard, and see how they perform at packet loss rates from 0.01% to 5%. The results confirmed that an appropriate slice partitioning scheme is essential to have a graceful degradation in received quality in the case of packet loss. While flexible macroblock ordering reduces the compression efficiency about 1 dB for our test material, reconstructed video quality is improved for loss rates above 0.25%.

关键词： h.264/AVC Video streaming Error robustness

Larger floods reduce soil CO_(2)efflux during the post-flooding phase in seasonally flooded forests of Western Amazonia

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Pedosphere 2021年第2期31卷 342-352页

作者： Emma M.DOChERTY andrew D.ThOMAS Department of Geography and Earth Sciences Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwyth SY233DB(UK) School of Geography University of LeedsLeeds LS29JT(UK)

Seasonally flooded várzea forests of Western Amazonia are one of the most productive and biodiverse wetland forests in the ***,data on their soil CO_(2)emissions,soil organic matter decomposition rates,and soil C stocks are *** is a concern because hydrological changes are predicted to lead to increases in the height,extent,and duration of seasonal floods,which are likely to have a significant effect on soil C stocks and ***,with no empirical data,the impact of altered flood regimes on várzea soil C cycles remains *** study quantified the effects of maximum annual flood height and soil moisture on soil CO_(2)efflux rate(R_(s))and soil organic matter decomposition rate(k)in the várzea forests of Pacaya Samiria National Reserve,*** study was conducted between May and August *** results showed that R_(s)(10.6–182.7 mg C m^(-2)h^(-1))and k(0.016–0.078)varied between and within sites,and were considerably lower than the values reported for other tropical *** addition,R_(s)was negatively affected by flood height(Ph decreasing river levels post flooding(Phe above-mentioned *** moisture was the dominant factor influencing R_(s),and it was significantly affected by maximum flood height,even after the floods had subsided(Phat larger floods will likely lead to reduced R_(s),whilst k could remain unchanged but with decomposition processes becoming more anaerobic.

关键词： C cycle climate change greenhouse gas soil CO_(2)emissions soil moisture soil organic matter decomposition rate tropical forest

Correlation of computed tomography findings and lung function in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2021年第3期17卷 221-226页

作者： andrew Fretzayas Ioanna Loukou Maria Moustaki Konstantinos Douros School of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece Department of Pediatrics Athens Medical Center5-7 Distomou str15125 MarousiGreece Department of Cystic Fibrosis “Agia Sofia”Children’s HospitalAthensGreece

Background The timely and appropriate monitoring of pulmonary status is of utmost importance for patients with cystic fibrosis(CF).Computed tomography(CT)has been used in clinical and research settings for tracking lung involvement in CF ***,as CT delivers a considerable amount of radiation,its sequential use in CF patients remains a *** application of CT,therefore,should take into account its potential *** review aims to understand whether and to what extent the CT findings correlate with the findings from other monitoring tools in CF lung *** sources PubMed was searched for articles about the correlation of chest CT findings with spirometric indices and with lung clearance index in children and adolescents with *** most relevant articles were reviewed and are presented *** Most studies have shown that forced expiratory volume in the first second(FEV,)and other spirometric indices correlate moderately with CT structural lung ***,at the individual level,there were patients with FEV,within the normal range and abnormal CT and vice ***,longitudinal studies have indicated that the deterioration of structural lung damage does not occur in parallel with the progression of lung *** clearance index is a better predictor of CT *** In general,the existing studies do not support the use of lung function tests as surrogates of chest CT.

关键词： Computed tomography Computed tomography score Cystic fibrosis Lung clearance index Lung function Spirometry

Past,present and future of industrial plantation forestry and implication on future timber harvesting technology

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第2期31卷 339-351页

作者： andrew McEwan Enrico Marchi Raffaele Spinelli Michal Brink Department of Agriculture Food and Forest SystemsFlorence UniversityVia San Bonaventura1350145 FlorenceItaly School of Natural Resource Management Nelson Mandela Metropolitan UniversityGeorge CampusGeorgeSouth Africa Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Istituto per la BioEconomiaVia Madonna del Piano 10Sesto FiorentinoItaly Australian Forest Operations Research Alliance University of the Sunshine CoastLocked Bag 4Maroochydore DCQLD 4558Australia University of Pretoria Private Bag X20HatfieldPretoria 0028South Africa

Plantation forests are established,and expanding,to satisfy increasing global demand for timber *** societal values,such as safety,productivity,environmental,quality and social are influencing the plantation forestry *** is primarily driven through an ever increasing world population,which in turn influences the way nations view the value systems by which they *** people require more resources-also forest ***,the availability of information is influencing the pace of technological *** changes could result in a difference in the management of plantations that could affect the forest engineering systems of the *** review aimed to summarize the current status of plantation forests;summarize future developments and possible scenarios in forest plantation management for the various products;and assess whether these developments in a plantation environment could affect the harvesting systems *** influencing the form of plantations include the type and nature of the plantation owner;the change in demand for different and new forest products;climate change factors,including the use of biomass for energy,carbon sequestration and trading;ecosystem services and other products and services;and sustainability certification of forest *** impact and influence of these factors were summarised into a series of key drivers that will influence the technology used in harvesting machines,as well as the choice of harvesting machines,systems and *** drivers were the effect of variations in tree size,the expansion of plantation areas onto more difficult terrain,diversity in plantation design,increased attention towards site impacts and the increased use of biomass for *** information is provided regarding how the harvesting systems could be affected.

关键词： Plantations Forest products Biomass harvesting system Mechanization Trends Technology

Effect of Ultrasound on the Pseudoelasticity of Shape Memory Alloys

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Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering 2022年第6期10卷 1-12页

作者： Ali h. Alhilfi andrew Rusinko Misan University Misan Iraq Obuda University Budapest Hungary

The paper aims to develop a model describing the ultrasound-assisted pseudoelastic deformation of shape memory alloys. Experimental results record that acoustic energy reduces the value of stresses needed to induce pseudoelastic deformation (martensitic transformation). At the same time, the ultrasound-assisted deforming develops with a more significant strain hardening. The model presented here is based on the synthetic theory of inelastic deformation. To catch the phenomena caused by acoustic energy, we enter into the basic equation of the synthetic theory terms reflecting the effect of ultrasound on the processes governing the peculiarities of pseudoelastic deformation in the acoustic field. The analytical results fit good experimental data.

关键词： Shape Memory Alloys Pseudoelasticity Martensite Transformation Ultrasound