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Is there evidence of selection in the dopamine receptor D4 gene in Australian invasive starling populations？

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Current Zoology 2015年第3期61卷 505-519页

作者： Lee Ann rOLLINS Michael r. WHITEHEAD andrew r WOOLNOUGH ron SINCLAIr William B. SHErWIN Evolution & Ecology research Centre Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia Centre for Integrative Ecology Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University Locked Bag 20000 Geelong Victoria 3220 Australia Biosecurity Division Department of Economic Development Jobs Transport and Resources 1 Spring Street Melbourne Vic- toria 3000 Australia Vertebrate Pest research Section Department of Agriculture and Food 100 Bougainvillea Avenue Western Australia 6058 Australia Biosecurity SA GPO Box 1671 Adelaide South Australia 5001 Australia Murdoch University Cetacean research Unit Murdoch University South Road Murdoch Western Australia 6150 Australia Current address: Evolution Ecology and Genetics Research School of Biology The Australian National University Canberra Australia

Although population genetic theory is largely based on the premise that loci under study are selectively neutral, it has been acknowledged that the study of DNA sequence data under the influence of selection can be useful. In some circumstances, these loci show increased population differentiation and gene diversity. Highly polymorphic loci may be especially useful when studying populations having low levels of diversity overall, such as is often the case with threatened or newly established inva- sive populations. Using common starlings Sturnus vulgaris sampled from invasive Australian populations, we investigated se- quence data of the dopamine receptor D4 gene （DrD4）, a locus suspected to be under selection for novelty-seeking behaviour in a range of taxa including humans and passerine birds. We hypothesised that such behaviour may be advantageous when species encounter novel environments, such as during invasion. In addition to analyses to detect the presence of selection, we also esti- mated population differentiation and gene diversity using DrD4 data and compared these estimates to those from microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA sequence data, using the same individuals. We found little evidence for selection on DrD4 in starlings. However, we did find elevated levels of within-population gene diversity when compared to microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA sequence, as well as a greater degree of population differentiation. We suggest that sequence data from putatively non- neutral loci are a useful addition to studies of invasive populations, where low genetic variability is expected

关键词： DrD4 Starling Selection Novelty-seeking behaviour

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate-elevating agents inhibit amyloid-beta internalization and neurotoxicity:their action in Alzheimer's disease prevention

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Neural regeneration research 2023年第12期18卷 2675-2676页

作者： rayudu Gopalakrishna andrew Oh Narayan r.Bhat William J.Mack Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA Department of Neurological Surgery Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA Department of Neuroscience Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA

recently,we have found that various intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)-e leva ting agents,both pharmacological(dibutyryl-cAMP,forskolin,and rolipram)and physiological(pituitary adenylate cyclase-activa... 详细信息

关键词： action prevention Cyclic

Multimodal alarm behavior in urban and rural gray squirrels studied by means of observation and a mechanical robot

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Current Zoology 2010年第3期56卷 313-326页

作者： Sarah r.PArTAN andrew G FULMEr Maya A.M.GOUNArD Jake E.rEDMOND Hampshire College School of Cognitive Science

Urbanization of animal habitats has the potential to affect the natural communication systems of any species able to survive in the changed environment. Urban animals such as squirrels use multiple signal channels to communicate, but it is un- known how ttrbanization has affected these behaviors. Multimodal commtmication, involving more than one sensory modality, can be studied by use of biomimetic mechanical animal models that are designed to simulate the multimodal signals and be pre- sented to animal subjects in the field. In this way the responses to the various signal components can be compared and contrasted to determine whether the multimodal signal is made up of redundant or nonredundant components. In this study, we presented wild gray squirrels in relatively urban and relatively rural habitats in Western Massachusetts with a biomimetic squirrel model that produced tail flags and alarm barks in a variety of combinations. We found that the squirrels responded to each unimodal component on its own, the bark and tail flag, but they responded most to the complete multimodal signal, containing both the acoustic and the moving visual components, providing evidence that in this context the signal components are redundant and that their combination elicits multimodal enhancement. We expanded on the results of Partan et al. （2009） by providing data on sig- naling behavior in the presence and absence of conspecifics, suggesting that alarm signaling is more likely if conspecifics are present. We found that the squirrels were more active in the urban habitats and that they responded more to tail flagging in the urban habitats as compared to the rural ones, suggesting the interesting possibility of a multimodal shift from reliance on audio to visual signals in noisier more crowded urban habitats [Current Zoology 56 （3）： 313-326, 2010].

关键词： Alarm behavior Communication Gray squirrel Sciurus carolinensis Multisensory signaling redundancy Urbanization Ethorobotics

restricting Specht modules of cyclotomic Hecke algebras

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Science China Mathematics 2018年第2期61卷 299-310页

作者： andrew Mathas School of Mathematics and Statistics University of Sydney

This paper proves that the restriction of a Specht module for a(degenerate or non-degenerate)cyclotomic Hecke algebra, or KLr(Khovanov-Lauda-rouquier) algebra, of type A has a Specht filtration.

关键词： cyclotomic Hecke algebras KLr algebras Specht modules representation theory

PECULIArITIES OF IrrEVErSIBLE STrAINING IN STEP-WISE LOADING, rEVErSE AND INVErSE CrEEP

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 2012年第2期25卷 152-167页

作者： andrew rusinko Obudai University Népszínház St. 8 1081 Budapest Hungary

The paper is concerned with the generalization of synthetic theory to the modeling of phenomena such as the Bauschinger negative effect, creep delay, reverse and inverse creep. Detailed calculations of plastic/creep strains are accompanied with the construction of loading surfaces that enhance the understanding of the processes studied. The calculated results show satisfactory agreement with experiments.

关键词： plastic deformation primary/steady-state creep the Bauschinger negative effect,creep delay reverse creep inverse creep

Powered by standards-new data tools for the climate sciences

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2010年第S01期3卷 85-102页

作者： andrew Woolf STFC rutherford Appleton Laboratory e-Science CentreDidcotUK

The ultimate goal of much current research in earth science informatics is to enable more efficient discovery and use of environmental ***-scale efforts are underway at regional and global *** instance the European INSPIrE Directive(2007/2/EC)and international GEOSS initiative will both provide unprecedented catalogues of earth observation and environmental data,with links to online services providing direct access to digital data *** the motivation for these emerging infrastructures is clear(*** global change),it is less obvious how they might be *** will play a major role and considerable effort is currently being devoted to their development by bodies like the International Organisation for Standardisation and the Open Geospatial *** search engines are amongst the most popular websites visited *** the metaphor of a web search portal,we review the potential of new geospatial standards to provide an advanced,userfriendly approach to discovery and use of climate-science data.

关键词： ISO OGC geospatial standards metadata feature types WFS GML

A Supplement to the Baum-Katz-Spitzer Complete Convergence Theorem

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2007年第3期23卷 557-562页

作者： andrew rOSALSKY Department of Statistics University of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida 32611USA

Let {X, Xn; n≥ 1} be a sequence of i.i.d. Banach space valued random variables and let {an; n ≥ 1} be a sequence of positive constants such thatan↑∞ and 1〈 lim inf n→∞ a2n/an≤lim sup n→∞ a2n/an〈∞Set Sn=∑i=1^n Xi,n≥*** this paper we prove that∑n≥1 1/n P（｜｜Sn｜｜≥εan）〈∞ for all ε〉0if and only if lim n→∞ Sn/an=0 a.s. This result generalizes the Baum-Katz-Spitzer complete convergence theorem. Combining our result and a corollary of Einmahl and Li, we solve a conjecture posed by Gut.

关键词： partial sums of i.i.d. Banach space valued random variables Baum-Katz-Spitzer complete convergence theorem almost sure convergence

Transcriptional regulation of Secondary Growth and Wood Formation

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2010年第1期52卷 17-27页

作者： andrew Groover Institute of Forest Genetics US Forest Service

Secondary growth and wood formation are products of the vascular cambium, a lateral meristem. Although the mechanisms have only recently begun to be uncovered, transcriptional regulation appears increasingly central to the regulation of secondary growth. The importance of transcriptional regulation is illustrated by the correlation of expression of specific classes of genes with related biological processes occurring at specific stages of secondary growth, including cell division, cell expansion, and cell differentiation. At the same time, transcription factors have been characterized that affect specific aspects of secondary growth, including regulation of the cambium and differentiation of cambial daughter cells. In the present review, we summarize evidence pointing to transcription as a major mechanism for regulation of secondary growth, and outline future approaches for comprehensively describing transcriptional networks underlying secondary growth.

关键词： gene Transcriptional regulation of Secondary Growth and Wood Formation

A spotlight on dosage and subject selection for effective neuroprotection: exploring the central role of mitochondria

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Neural regeneration research 2025年第4期20卷 1081-1082页

作者： John Mitrofanis Jonathan Stone Michael r.Hamblin Pierre Magistretti Alim-Louis Benabid Glen Jeffery Fonds Clinatec UniversitéGrenoble AlpesGrenobleFrance School of Medical Science University of SydneySydneyAustralia Faculty of Health Sciences University of JohannesburgJohannesburgSouth Africa King Abdullah University of Science and Technology ThuwalSaudi Arabia Institute of Ophthalmology University College LondonLondonUK

Neurons are notoriously vulnerable cell *** the slightest change in their internal and/or external environments will cause much distress and dysfunction,leading often to their death.A range of pathological conditions,including stroke,head trauma,and neurodegenerative disease,can generate stress in neurons,affecting their survival and proper *** most neural pathologies,mitochondria become dysfunctional and this plays a pivotal role in the process of cell *** challenge over the last few decades has been to develop effective interventions that improve neuronal homeostasis under pathological *** interventions,often referred to as disease-modifying or neuroprotective,have,however,proved frustratingly elusive,at both preclinical and,in particular,clinical *** this perspective,we highlight two factors that we feel are key to the development of effective neuroprotective *** are:firstly,the choice of dose of intervention and method of application,and secondly,the selection of subjects,whether they be patients or the animal model.

关键词： protective dosage distress