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Smart contract applications in the built environment: How prepared are Nigerian construction stakeholders?

Frontiers of Engineering Management 2024年第1期11卷 50-61页

作者： andrew EBEKOZIEN Clinton AIGBAVBOA Samuel Adeniyi ADEKUNLE Mohamad Shaharudin SAMSURIJAN John ALIU Bernard Martins ARTHUR-AIDOO Godpower Chinyeru AMADI Department of Construction Management and Quantity Surveying University of JohannesburgJohannesburg 2006South Africa School of Social Sciences Universiti Sains MalaysiaGelugor11800 USM PenangMalaysia Department of Quantity Surveying Auchi PolytechnicAuchiNigeria Institute for Resilient Infrastructure Systems College of EngineeringUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA 30602USA Department of Building Technology Faculty of Built EnvironmentAccra Technical UniversityAccraGhana Nigerian Institute of Management Port HarcourtNigeria

Studies have demonstrated that advanced technology,such as smart contract applications,can enhance both pre-and post-contract administration within the built environment *** contract technology,exemplifying blockchain technologies,has the potential to improve transparency,trust,and the security of data transactions within this ***,there is a dearth of academic literature concerning smart contract applications within the construction industries of developing countries,with a specific focus on ***,this study seeks to explore the relevance of smart contract technology and address the challenges impeding its adoption,offering strategies to mitigate the obstacles faced by smart contract *** investigate the stakeholders,this research conducted 14 virtual interview sessions to achieve data *** interviewees encompassed project management practitioners,senior management personnel from construction companies,experts in construction dispute resolution,professionals in construction software,and representatives from government construction *** data obtained from these interviews underwent thorough analysis employing a thematic *** study duly recognizes the significance of smart contract applications within the *** the 12 identified barriers,issues such as identity theft and data leakage,communication and synchronization challenges,high computational expenses,lack of driving impetus,excessive electricity consumption,intricate implementation processes,absence of a universally applicable legal framework,and the lack of a localized legal framework were recurrent impediments affecting the adoption of smart contract applications within the *** study also delves into comprehensive measures to mitigate these *** conclusion,this study critically evaluates the relevance of smart contract applications within the built environment,with a specific focus on promoting their *** may serve

关键词： built environment industry digitalization Nigeria smart contract technological revolution

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Enantioselective iridium-catalyzed allylic substitution with a Reformatsky reagent: direct construction of β-stereogenic homoallylic esters

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Science China Chemistry 2024年

作者： Debasis Pal Kirana D.Veeranna Yuk Fai Wong P.andrew Evans Department of Chemistry Queen's University(Canada) Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Central South University

The Reformatsky reagent derived from ethyl bromoacetate circumvents the challenge associated with the direct regio-and enantioselective iridium-catalyzed allylic alkylation with an unstabilized aliphatic ester enolate. Notably, this work represents the first example of using a Reformatsky reagent in a metal-allyl reaction, which permits the direct construction of enantioenriched β-stereogenic homoallylic esters without preactivation of the pronucleophile or post-reaction modification of the product(e.g., thermal decarboxylation of a 1,3-dicarbonyl). Moreover, the process allows the coupling of a broad range of sterically and electronically diverse electrophiles bearing aryl, heteroaryl and alkenyl derivatives, including the significantly more challenging alkyl-substituted allylic carbonates. The versatility of the ester product is exemplified by a series of functional group manipulations and the development of a concise and efficient enantioselective total synthesis of the natural product,(+)-descurainolide A. Finally, mechanistic studies indicate that the zinc enolate behaves as a soft nucleophile that undergoes outer-sphere alkylation.

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Healthcare Services Interoperability in Kenya: Challenges and Opportunities

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E-Health Telecommunication Systems and Networks 2024年第1期13卷 1-11页

作者： Antony G. Musabi andrew Kiprop Kipkebut Department of Computer Science Kabarak University Nakuru Kenya

In an attempt to assess the Kenyan healthcare system, this study looks at the current efforts that are already in place, what challenges they face, and what strategies can be put into practice to foster interoperability. By reviewing a variety of literature and using statistics, the paper ascertains notable impediments such as the absence of standard protocols, lack of adequate technological infrastructure, and weak regulatory frameworks. Resultant effects from these challenges regarding health provision target enhanced data sharing and merging for better patient outcomes and allocation of resources. It also highlights several opportunities that include the adoption of emerging technologies, and the establishment of public-private partnerships to strengthen the healthcare framework among others. In this regard, the article provides recommendations based on stakeholder views and global best practices addressed to policymakers, medical practitioners, and IT specialists concerned with achieving effective interoperability within Kenya’s health system. This research is relevant because it adds knowledge to the existing literature on how healthcare quality can be improved to make it more patient-centered especially in Kenya.

关键词： Healthcare Services Interoperability Data Exchange

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Evaluating implicit gender bias at Canadian otolaryngology meetings through use of professional title

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第1期10卷 12-17页

作者： Kylen Van Osch Agnieszka Dzioba Khadija Ahmed andrew MacDonald Jamila Skinner Harley Williams Julie E.Strychowsky M.Elise Graham Department of Otolaryngology-Head&Neck Surgery Schulich School of Medicine&DentistryWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada Department of Otolaryngology London Health Sciences Centre Children's HospitalLondonOntarioCanada Faculty of Medicine Schulich School of Medicine&DentistryWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada

Objectives:Increasing numbers of women enter medical school *** number of female physicians in leadership positions has been much slower to *** are also well‐documented differences in the treatment of women as compared to men in professional *** presenters are less likely to be introduced by their professional title(“Doctor”)for grand rounds and conferences,especially with a man performing the *** study reviewed the Canadian Society of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery(CSOHNS)meetings from 2017 to 2020 to determine the proportion of presenters introduced by their professional title and whether this varied by ***:Recordings from CSOHNS meetings were reviewed and coded for introducer and presenter demographics,including leadership positions and ***‐squared tests of proportion and multivariate logistic regression was used to compare genders and identify factors associated with professional versus unprofessional forms of ***:No significant association was found between professional title use and introducer or presenter *** presenters were introduced with professional title 69.6%of the time,while male presenters were introduced with professional title 67.6%of the time(P=0.69).Residents were introduced with a professional title with the most frequency(75.8%),while attending staff were introduced with a professional title with the least frequency(63.0%)(P=0.02).Conclusions:The lack of gender bias in speaker introductions at recent CSOHNS meetings demonstrates progress in achieving gender equity in *** efforts should continue to define additional forms of unconscious bias that may be contributing to gender inequity in leadership positions.

关键词： attitude of health personnel gender identity Otolaryngology women

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Research surveys and their evolution:Past,current and future uses in healthcare

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World Journal of Methodology 2024年第4期14卷 91-95页

作者： Michael Colwill Richard Pollok andrew Poullis Department of Gastroenterology St George's University Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondon SW170QTUnited Kingdom

Research surveys are believed to have originated in antiquity with evidence of them being performed in ancient Egypt and *** the past century,their use has grown significantly and they are now one of the most frequently employed research methods including in the field of *** validation techniques and processes have allowed researchers to broaden the scope of qualitative data they can gather through these surveys such as an individual’s views on service quality to nationwide surveys that are undertaken regularly to follow healthcare *** article focuses on the evolution and current utility of research surveys,different methodologies employed in their creation,the advantages and disadvantages of different forms and their future use in healthcare *** also review the role artificial intelligence and the importance of increased patient participation in the development of these surveys in order to obtain more accurate and clinically relevant data.

关键词： Research surveys Methodology Sampling Artificial intelligence

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Gastrointestinal tuberculosis:Diagnostic approaches for this uncommon pathology

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第23期12卷 5283-5287页

作者： Lottie Brown Michael Colwill andrew Poullis Department of Gastroenterology St George's University Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondon SW170QTUnited Kingdom

A case report entitled“Primary gastroduodenal tuberculosis presenting as gastric outlet obstruction”recently published in the World Journal of Clinical Cases presented a rare cause of gastric outlet obstruction and highlighted the atypical manner in which gastrointestinal tuberculosis(TB)can *** literature with regards to this rare pathology is limited to case reports and case series with the largest being published using data from between 2003 and ***,since then the diagnostic tools available have significantly changed with more modern and increasingly accurate tests now *** editorial reviews the current state of the art with regards to diagnosis in gastrointestinal TB.

关键词： Gastrointestinal tuberculosis Diagnostic approach Microbiology Serology Molecular diagnosis Infectious disease

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CYP3A5 unexpectedly regulates glucose metabolism through the AKT-TXNIP-GLUT1 axis in pancreatic cancer

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第4期11卷 381-399页

作者： Ming Shao Qingfei Pan Haiyan Tan Jing Wu Ha Won Lee andrew D.Huber William C.Wright Ji-Hoon Cho Jiyang Yu Junmin Peng Taosheng Chen Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics St.Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTN 38105USA Department of Computational Biology St.Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTN 38105USA Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics St.Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTN 38105USA Department of Structural Biology St.Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTN 38105USA Department of Developmental Neurobiology St.Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTN 38105USA

CYP3A5 is a cytochrome P450(CYP)enzyme that metabolizes drugs and contributes to drug resistance in ***,it remains unclear whether CYP3A5 directly influences cancer *** this report,we demonstrate that CYP3A5 regulates glucose metabolism in pancreatic ductal ***-omics analysis showed that CYP3A5 knockdown re-sults in a decrease in various glucose-related metabolites through its effect on glucose trans-port.A mechanistic study revealed that CYP3A5 enriches the glucose transporter GLUT1 at the plasma membrane by restricting the translation of TXNIP,a negative regulator of ***,CYP3A5-generated reactive oxygen species were proved to be responsible for atten-uating the AKT-4EBP1-TXNIP signaling ***3A5 contributes to cell migration by maintaining high glucose uptake in pancreatic *** together,our results,for the first time,reveal a role of CYP3A5 in glucose metabolism in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and identify a novel mechanism that is a potential therapeutic target.

关键词： Cell migration CYP3A5 Glucose metabolism GLUT1 Pancreatic cancer TXNIP

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Biobanks and biomarkers:Their current and future role in biomedical research

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World Journal of Methodology 2024年第4期14卷 77-83页

作者： Michael Colwill Samantha Baillie Richard Pollok andrew Poullis Department of Gastroenterology St George's University Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondon SW170QTUnited Kingdom

The importance and utility of biobanks has increased exponentially since their inception and *** used as part of translational research,they now contribute over 40%of data for all cancer research papers in the United States of America and play a crucial role in all aspects of *** classification systems exist but a simplified approach is to either classify as population-based or disease-oriented *** historically publicly funded institutions,there has been a significant increase in industry funded entities across the world which has changed the dynamic of biobanks offering new possibilities but also new *** face legal questions over data sharing and intellectual property as well as ethical and sustainability questions particularly as the world attempts to move to a low-carbon *** collaboration is required to address some of these challenges but this in itself is fraught with complexity and *** review will examine the current utility of biobanks in the modern healthcare setting as well as the current and future challenges these vital institutions face.

关键词： Biobanks Biomarkers Biomedical research Research methodology Research ethics

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DNA methylation controlling abscisic acid catabolism responds to light to mediate strawberry fruit ripening

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第8期66卷 1718-1734页

作者： Yunfan Sun Xiaofang Yang Rongrong Wu Shouzheng Lv Yunduan Li Haoran Jia Yuying Yang Baijun Li Wenbo Chen andrew C.Allan Guihua Jiang Yan-Na Shi Kunsong Chen College of Agriculture&Biotechnology Zhejiang UniversityZijingang CampusHangzhou 310058China Institute of Horticulture Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhouZhejiang 310021China Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology Zhejiang UniversityZijingang CampusHangzhou 310058China The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth Development and Quality ImprovementZhejiang UniversityZijingang CampusHangzhou 310058China New Zealand Institute for Plant&Food Research Limited Private Bag 92169AucklandNew Zealand School of Biological Sciences University of AucklandPrivate Bag 92019AucklandNew Zealand

Phytohormones,epigenetic regulation and environmental factors regulate fruit ripening but their interplay during strawberry fruit ripening remains to be *** this study,bagged strawberry fruit exhibited delayed ripening compared with fruit grown in normal light,correlating with reduced abscisic acid(ABA) *** of the key ABA catabolism gene,ABA 8′-hydroxylase FaCYP707A4,was induced in bagged *** light exclusion whole genome DNA methylation levels were up-regulated,corresponding to a delayed ripening process,while DNA methylation levels in the promoter of FaCYP707A4 were suppressed,correlating with increases in transcript and decreased ABA *** indicated FaCRY1,a blue light receptor repressed in bagged fruit and FaAGO4,a key protein involved in RNA-directed DNA methylation,could bind to the promoter of *** interaction between FaCRY1 and FaAGO4,and an increased enrichment of FaAGO4 directed to the FaCYP707A4 promoter in fruit grown under light suggests FaCRY1 may influence FaAGO4 to modulate the DNA methylation status of the FaCYP707A4 ***,transient overexpression of FaCRY1,or an increase in FaCRY1 transcription by blue light treatment,increases the methylation level of the FaCYP707A4 promoter,while transient RNA interference of FaCRY1 displayed opposite *** findings reveal a mechanism by which DNA methylation influences ABA catabolism,and participates in light-mediated strawberry ripening.

关键词： ABA catabolism DNA methylation light ripening strawberry

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The efficacy of vitamin E in preventing arthrofibrosis after joint replacement

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2024年第2期7卷 145-155页

作者： Yingfang Fan Jean Yuh Sashank Lekkala Mehmet D.Asik andrew Thomson Madeline McCanne Mark A.Randolph Antonia F.Chen Ebru Oral Harris Orthopaedic Laboratory Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Surgery Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Brigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA

Background:Arthrofibrosis is a joint disorder characterized by excessive scar formation in the joint *** E is an antioxidant with potential anti-fibroblastic *** aim of this study was to establish an arthrofibrosis rat model after joint replacement and assess the effects of vitamin E supplementation on joint ***:We simulated knee replacement in 16 male Sprague–Dawley *** immobilized the surgical leg with a suture in full *** control groups were killed at 2 and 12 weeks(n=5 per group),and the test group was supplemented daily with vitamin E(0.2 mg/mL)in their drinking water for 12 weeks(n=6).We performed histological staining to investigate the presence and severity of *** staining andα2-macroglobulin(α2M)enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)were used to assess local and systemic *** weight bearing(total internal reflection)and range of motion(ROM)were collected for functional ***:The ROM and weight-bearing symmetry decreased after the procedure and recovered slowly with still significant deficit at the end of the study for both *** analysis confirmed fibrosis in both lateral and posterior periarticular *** E supplementation showed a moderate anti-inflammatory effect on the local and systemic *** vitamin E group exhibited significant improvement in ROM and weight-bearing symmetry at day 84 compared to the control ***:This model is viable for simulating arthrofibrosis after joint *** E may benefit postsurgical arthrofibrosis,and further studies are needed for dosing requirements.

关键词： arthrofibrosis range of motion total knee arthroplasty vitamin E

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