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Sexual dimorphism in cranial shape and size in geomyoid rodents:multivariate and evolutionary perspectives

Current Zoology 2022年第4期68卷 469-487页

作者： Jonathan J M Calede andrew brown Department of Evolution Ecologyand Organismal BiologyThe Ohio State University318 W.12th Ave.300 Aronoff LaboratoryColumbusOH 43210USA The Ohio State University at Marion 1459 Mount Vernon AvenueMarionOH 43302USA College of Veterinary Medicine Texas A&M University660 Raymond Stotzer PkwyCollege StationTX 77843USA

Geomyoid rodents provide a great study system for the analysis of sexual *** are polygynic and many inhabit harsh arid environments thought to promote sexual *** fact,there has been extensive work published on the sexual size dimorphism of individual populations and species within this rodent ***,little work has been undertaken to assess the evolutionary patterns and processes associated with this sexual *** use multivariate analyses of cranial measurements in a phylogenetic framework to determine the distribution of size and shape dimorphism among geomyoids and test for Rensch’s *** results suggest that sexual dimorphism is more common in geomyids than heteromyids,but it is not in fact *** is evidence for variation in sexual dimorphism across ***,in many taxa,geographic variation appears to overwhelm existing sexual *** find support for the repeated independent evolution of shape and size dimorphism across geomyoid taxa,but we do not find support for an association between size and shape *** is no evidence for Rensch’s rule in geomyoids,whether at the superfamily or family ***,our findings suggest that there is no single explanation for the evolution of sexual dimorphism in geomyoids and that,instead,it is the product of numerous evolutionary *** studies incorporating phylogenetic relationships will be necessary to paint a more complete picture of the evolution of sexual dimorphism in geomyoids.

关键词： Geomyidae Heteromyidae phylogenetic comparative methods morphometrics Rensch’s rule

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From cortex to cord: motor circuit plasticity after spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第12期14卷 2054-2062页

作者： andrew R. brown Marina Martinez Département de Neurosciences Facultéde MédecineUniversitéde MontréalQuébecCanada H?pital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal(CIUSS-NIM) MontréalQuébecCanada Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central Universitéde MontréalMontréalQuébecCanada

Spinal cord injury is associated with chronic sensorimotor deficits due to the interruption of ascending and descending tracts between the brain and spinal cord. Functional recovery after anatomically complete spinal cord injury is limited due to the lack of long-distance axonal regeneration of severed fibers in the adult central nervous system. Most spinal cord injuries in humans, however, are anatomically incomplete. Although restorative treatment options for spinal cord injury remain currently limited, research from experimental models of spinal cord injury have revealed a tremendous capability for both spontaneous and treatment-induced plasticity of the corticospinal system that supports functional recovery. We review recent advances in the understanding of corticospinal circuit plasticity after spinal cord injury and concentrate mainly on the hindlimb motor cortex, its corticospinal projections, and the role of spinal mechanisms that support locomotor recovery. First, we discuss plasticity that occurs at the level of motor cortex and the reorganization of cortical movement representations. Next, we explore downstream plasticity in corticospinal projections. We then review the role of spinal mechanisms in locomotor recovery. We conclude with a perspective on harnessing neuroplasticity with therapeutic interventions to promote functional recovery.

关键词： spinal cord injury motor cortex motor map corticospinal tract neuroplasticity functionalrecovery animal models forelimb hindlimb locomotion

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A Lipidomic Perspective on Intermediates in Cholesterol Synthesis as Indicators of Disease Status

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2014年第5期41卷 275-282页

作者： Laura J.Sharpe Vicky Burns andrew J.brown School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences The University of New South Wales

Lipidomics is increasingly becoming a viable method for researchers to routinely identify the various sterols present in samples, beyond just measuring cholesterol itself. In particular, the measurement of intermediates in cholesterol synthesis can shed new insights into not only the flux through the pathway, but also numerous disease states where levels of sterol intermediates are drastically altered. In this review, we indicate several intermediates that are relevant to disease, and discuss the challenges for analysing them, including the need for standardised methodology or universal controls across the lipidomics field.

关键词： Cholesterol Intermediates Lipidomics

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Drug targets beyond HMG-CoA reductase:Why venture beyond the statins?

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Frontiers in Biology 2011年第3期6卷 197-205页

作者： Ingrid C.GELISSEN andrew J.brown Faculty of Pharmacy The University of SydneySydney NSW 2006Australia BABS School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular SciencesThe University of New South WalesSydney NSW 2052Australia

In this review,we aim to convey a brief,select history of the development of cholesterol-lowering *** focus particularly on the highly successful statins as well as setbacks that should serve as cautionary *** go on to preview recent developments that may complement,if not one day replace,the *** focus is on pharmacological interventions,particularly those targeting the cholesterol biosynthetic ***,we examine therapies under current investigation that target the assembly of atherogenic lipoproteins(via apolipoprotein B or microsomal triglyceride transfer protein),the stability of the low-density lipoprotein-receptor(via PCSK9,proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9),or are designed to increase high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol(via inhibition of cholesteryl ester transfer protein).

关键词： statins cholesterol-lowering drugs side-effects adverse reactions cholesterol synthesis

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Romancing the Phone

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当代外语研究 2004年第12期 18-19页

作者： andrew brown 萧萧

"窈窕淑女,君子好逑。"那么,在因特网给人们创造了一个虚拟的花花世界,手机伴随年轻人生活分分秒秒的今天,翩翩君子又是怎样追求真爱与浪漫的呢?Well,3G手机将带你进入一个全新的天地,体验全新的感受:一个虚拟、但却有情感、有智慧的女友。

关键词： Romancing the Phone

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Comparison of Hydrothermal and Sol-Gel Synthesis of Nano-Particulate Hydroxyapatite by Characterisation at the Bulk and Particle Level

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Open Journal of Inorganic Non 2012年第1期2卷 1-10页

作者： Matthew Bilton Steven J. Milne andrew P. brown 不详

Hydrothermal and sol-gel synthesis methods have been used to prepare nano-particulate hydroxyapatite (HA) powders for detailed characterisation. Bulk elemental analysis data are compared from X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. These show the presence of secondary phases in the sol-gel powders which can be attributed to evaporative loss of precursor phosphite phases during specimen preparation and breakdown of the primary HA phase during calcination. Only the primary HA phase is detected in the hydrothermally prepared powder. In addition, Ca/P ratios of each powder are determined at the particle level using transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (TEM-EDX), having first established a threshold electron fluence below which significant electron-beam-induced alteration of the composition of HA does not occur. The TEM-EDX results show a greater compositional variability of particles from the sol-gel preparation route compared to the hydrothermal route. Overall it is the combination of the analysis techniques that shows the hydrothermal synthesis route produces near- stoichiometric, single phase, hydroxyapatite.

关键词： Hydroxyapatite Hydrothermal Sol-Gel TEM-EDX XRD XRF FTIR

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Regulated protein degradation and lipid sensing:Lessons from a key cholesterol synthesis enzyme

Regulated protein degradation and lipid sensing:Lessons from...

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第三届中国生物物理学会代谢生物学分会学术研讨会

作者： Ngee Kiat Chua andrew J.brown From the School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences UNSW Sydney

＜正＞Squalene monooxygenase （SM） is a rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol *** region comprising the first 100 amino acids,termed SM N100,represents the shortest cholesterol-responsive degron and enables SM to sense excess cholesterol in the endoplasmic reticulum （ER） *** accelerates the ubiquitination of SM by membrane-associated ring-CH-type finger 6 （MARCH6）,a key E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in

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下水道修复所用铝酸钙水泥砂浆的严格审查

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非开挖技术 2014年第5期 29-34,42页

作者： andrew Hackett John brown 于悦(译)

失败的经验和科学研究证实，持久的保护住下水道干线会腐蚀的表面是非常难以实现安全和节省成本的。悉尼水公司使用KBR公司对作为混凝土和砖的表面永久牺牲的保护涂层的铝酸钙水泥砂浆进行了详细的产品调查评估。评估研究理论基础和利用... 详细信息

失败的经验和科学研究证实，持久的保护住下水道干线会腐蚀的表面是非常难以实现安全和节省成本的。悉尼水公司使用KBR公司对作为混凝土和砖的表面永久牺牲的保护涂层的铝酸钙水泥砂浆进行了详细的产品调查评估。评估研究理论基础和利用CAC的科学研究，以及CAC的国内外使用经验，和试验及悉尼水公司的长时间试用的结果。以前悉尼水在南部下水道SWSOOS（1992）进行试验应用，在2007和2009年之间对主要的北部下水道NSOOS（1996）进行检查，发现正好满足设计期望。KBR的正式评估推断特定的CAC混凝土。当完全的应用在适当的处理表面，对于达到设计寿命具有很低的风险，作为悉尼水的关键排水管资产评估战略的组成部分呈现了一个总体风险轮廓。在不同的情况材料提供了大量使用的和财务效益的替代选择。评估和认准过程鼓励其他主要建筑化学公司去发展和尝试CAC混凝土来符合悉尼水公司的规章，带来对小型CAC的供应商名额的额外竞争。大规模的应用经验，以及CAC应用的性能相当于17年在劣化环境中都在此文中讨论。

关键词：修复下水道外保护

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Letter to the Editor: Exceptional Data in Paper on “The effect of meridian massage on BM, BMI, WC and HC in simple obesity patients: a randomized controlled trial”

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World Journal of Acupuncture-Moxibustion 2015年第1期25卷 66-67页

作者： Diana M.Thomas andrew brown John A Dawson Peng Li Steven B.Heymsfield David B.Allison Department of Mathematics Montclair State University Office of Energetics and Nutrition Obesity Research Center University of Alabama at Birmingham Department of Nutrition Sciences Texas Tech University Pennington Biomedical Research Center

Given the tremendous need for effective weight loss treatments, we read with interest the paper by Yan et al. and were intrigued by the reported finding that a form of massage produced weight loss in a randomized con... 详细信息

关键词：随机对照试验按摩 BMI 纸张编辑经络患者肥胖

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历史、理论和实践视角下的英格兰小学绩效管理

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大学教育科学 2009年第1期 84-91页

作者：安德鲁.布朗章文凤英国剑桥大学教育系湖南信息科学职业学院科研处湖南长沙410151

过去的15年里,发达国家的公共事业管理,尤其教育管理发生了很大变化。公共部门逐渐采用了私立部门的一些管理原则和方法,如引入绩效管理。英格兰小学绩效管理始于20世纪80年代撒切尔政府在全国公立教育系统内启动的一项针对学校管理和... 详细信息

过去的15年里,发达国家的公共事业管理,尤其教育管理发生了很大变化。公共部门逐渐采用了私立部门的一些管理原则和方法,如引入绩效管理。英格兰小学绩效管理始于20世纪80年代撒切尔政府在全国公立教育系统内启动的一项针对学校管理和课程的改革,2000年绩效管理终以法令形式确立下来。目标设定理论被广泛应用于英格兰小学绩效管理目标的设置。在应用这一理论设置绩效管理目标时需要从理论上对以下三个问题作出探讨:在设置目标时是以结果为导向,还是以过程为导向,或是二者兼顾;考虑英格兰小学的实际情况,"难实现的或有挑战性的目标能激励人们取得更好绩效"这一原则能在多大程度上适用;当面临不确定的管理环境时,目标设定理论的适用性有多大。实践中,在确定绩效考评的考评内容,可考评内容以及考评主体时可能面临一些困难,并且还可能产生无效考评结果。

关键词：英格兰小学绩效管理目标设定绩效测评

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