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Endotoxin-induced alterations of adipose tissue function:a pathway to bovine metabolic stress

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第4期15卷 1391-1407页

作者： Miguel Chirivi G.andres Contreras Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA

During the periparturient period, dairy cows exhibit negative energy balance due to limited appetite and increased energy requirements for lactogenesis. The delicate equilibrium between energy availability and expenditure puts cows in a state of metabolic stress characterized by excessive lipolysis in white adipose tissues(AT), increased production of reactive oxygen species, and immune cell dysfunction. Metabolic stress, especially in AT, increases the risk for metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Around parturition, cows are also susceptible to endotoxemia. Bacterial-derived toxins cause endotoxemia by promoting inflammatory processes and immune cell infiltration in different organs and systems while impacting metabolic function by altering lipolysis, mitochondrial activity, and insulin sensitivity. In dairy cows, endotoxins enter the bloodstream after overcoming the defense mechanisms of the epithelial barriers, particularly during common periparturient conditions such as mastitis, metritis, and pneumonia, or after abrupt changes in the gut microbiome. In the bovine AT, endotoxins induce a pro-inflammatory response and stimulate lipolysis in AT, leading to the release of free fatty acids into the bloodstream. When excessive and protracted, endotoxin-induced lipolysis can impair adipocyte's insulin signaling pathways and lipid synthesis. Endotoxin exposure can also induce oxidative stress in AT through the production of reactive oxygen species by inflammatory cells and other cellular components. This review provides insights into endotoxins' impact on AT function, highlighting the gaps in our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying AT dysfunction, its connection with periparturient cows' disease risk, and the need to develop effective interventions to prevent and treat endotoxemia-related inflammatory conditions in dairy cattle.

关键词： Adipose tissue dysfunction Endotoxin Inflammation Insulin resistance

Ascites, refractory ascites and hyponatremia in cirrhosis

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Gastroenterology Report 2017年第2期5卷 104-112,I0001页

作者： Brett Fortune andres Cardenas Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Weill Cornell Medical CollegeNYUSA Institut de Malalties Digestivesi Metabolique Hospital ClinicUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain

Ascites is the most common complication related to cirrhosis and is associated with increased morbidity and *** is a consequence of the loss of compensatory mechanisms to maintain the overall effective arterial blood volume due to worsening splanchnic arterial vasodilation as a result of clinically significant portal *** order to maintain effective arterial blood volume,vasoconstrictor and antinatriuretic pathways are activated,which increase overall sodiumand fluid *** a result of progressive splanchnic arterial vasodilation,intestinal capillary pressure increases and results in the formation of protein-poor fluid within the abdominal cavity due to increased capillary permeability from the hepatic sinusoidal *** some patients,the fluid can translocate across diaphragmatic fenestrations into the pleural space,leading to hepatic *** addition,infectious complications such as spontaneous bacterial peritonitis can ***,as the liver disease progresses related to higher portal pressures,loss of a compensatory cardiac output and further splanchnic vasodilation,kidney function becomes compromised fromworsening renal vasoconstriction as well as the development of impaired solute-free water excretion and severe sodium *** then translate into significant clinical complications,such as refractory ascites,hepatorenal syndrome and hyponatremia,and all are linked to increased ***,liver transplantation is the only curative option for this spectrumof clinical manifestations but ongoing research has led to further insight on alternative *** review will further explore the current understanding on the pathophysiology andmanagement of ascites as well as expand on two advanced clinical consequences of advanced liver disease,refractory ascites and hyponatremia.

关键词： ascites portal hypertension cirrhosis hyponatremia

Topological circuit of a versatile non-Hermitian quantum system

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2022年第1期65卷 53-60页

作者： David-andres Galeano Xiao-Xiao Zhang Jorge Mahecha Instituto de F´ısica Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad de AntioquiaMedell´ın 050010Colombia Unidad Transacciones T&D Energ´ıa Gerencia Comercial T&D Energ´ıaV.P.T&D Energ´ıaEPMMedell´ın 050015Colombia Department of Physics and Astronomy&Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute University of British ColumbiaVancouver V6T 1Z4Canada RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science(CEMS) Saitama 351-0198Japan Department of Chemistry University of British ColumbiaVancouver V6T 1Z4Canada

We propose a resistors,inductors and capacitors(RLC)electrical circuit to theoretically analyze and fully simulate a new type of non-Hermitian Su-Schrieffer-Heeger(SSH)model with complex *** formulate its construction and investigate its properties by taking advantage of the circuit’s *** physical properties can be identified in this system from the normal modes of oscillation of the RLC circuit,including the highly tunable bulk-edge correspondence between topological winding numbers and edge states and the non-Hermitian skin phenomenon originating from a novel complex energy plane *** present study is able to show the wide and appealing topological physics inherent to electric circuits,which is readily generalizable to a plenty of both Hermitian and non-Hermitian nontrivial systems.

关键词： topolectric circuit SSH model non-Hermitian topology skin effect

Biaxial versus uniaxial strain tuning of single-layer MoS_(2)

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Nano Materials Science 2022年第1期4卷 44-51页

作者： Felix Carrascoso Riccardo Frisenda andres Castellanos-Gomez Materials Science Factory Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid(ICMM-CSIC)28049Madrid Spain

Strain engineering has arisen as a powerful technique to tune the electronic and optical properties of twod imensional semiconductors like molybdenum disulfide(MoS_(2)).Although several theoretical works predicted that biaxial strain would be more effective than uniaxial strain to tune the band structure of MoS_(2),a direct experimental verification is still missing in the *** we implemented a simple experimental setup that allows to apply biaxial strain through the bending of a cruciform polymer *** used the setup to study the effect of biaxial strain on the differential reflectance spectra of 12 single-layer MoS_(2)flakes finding a redshift of the excitonic features at a rate between-40 meV/%and-110 meV/%of biaxial *** also directly compare the effect of biaxi al and uniaxial strain on the same single-layer MoS_(2)finding that the biaxial strain gauge factor is 2.3 times larger than the uniaxial strain one.

关键词： finding layer gauge

Strain engineering in single-,bi-and tri-layer MoS_(2),MoSe_(2),WS_(2)and WSe_(2)

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Nano Research 2021年第6期14卷 1698-1703页

作者： Felix Carrascoso Hao Li Riccardo Frisenda andres Castellanos-Gomez Materials Science Factory Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de MadridConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas28049MadridSpain

Strain is a powerful tool to modify the optical properties of semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides like MoS_(2),MoSe_(2),WS_(2) and WSe_(2).In this work we provide a thorough description of the technical details to perform uniaxial strain measurements on these two-dimensional semiconductors and we provide a straightforward calibration method to determine the amount of applied strain with high *** then employ reflectance spectroscopy to analyze the strain tunability of the electronic properties of single-,bi-and tri-layer MoS_(2),MoSe_(2),WS_(2) and WSe_(2).Finally,we quantify the flake-to-flake variability by analyzing 15 different single-layer MoS_(2) flakes.

关键词： two-dimensional(2D)materials transition metal dichalcogenides strain engineering band gap differential reflectance

Effect of treatment failure on the Cag A EPIYA motif in Helicobacter pylori strains from Colombian subjects

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第11期23卷 1980-1989页

作者： Javier andres Bustamante-Rengifo andres Jenuer Matta Alvaro Jairo Pazos Luis Eduardo Bravo Department of Microbiology School of Basic ScienceUniversidad del Valle Registro Poblacional de Cáncer de Cali Department of PathologySchool of MedicineUniversidad del Valle Department of Biology Universidad de Narino

AIM To evaluate effect of treatment failure on cag A and vac A genotypes in Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) isolates from *** One hundred and seventy-six participants infected with H. pylori from Colombia were treated during 14 d with the triple-standard therapy. Six weeks later, eradication was evaluated by 13C-Urea breath test. Patients with treatment failure were subjected to endoscopy control; biopsies obtained were used for histopathology and culture. DNA from H. pylori isolates was amplified using primers specific for cag A and vac A genes. The phylogenetic relationships among isolates obtained before and after treatment were established by conglomerate analysis based on random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) *** Treatment effectiveness was at 74.6%. Of the par-ticipants with treatment failure, 25 accepted subjected to a second endoscopy. Prevalence of posttreatment infection was 64%(16/25) and 40%(10/25) by histology and culture, respectively. Upon comparing the cag A and vac A genotypes found before and after therapy, multiple cag A genotypes(cag A-positive and cag A-negative) were found before treatment; in contrast, cag A-negative genotypes decreased after treatment. vac A s1m1 genotype was highly prevalent in patients before and after therapy. The 3'cag A region was successfully amplified in 95.5%(21/22) of the isolates obtained before and in 81.8%(18/22) of the isolates obtained after treatment. In the isolates obtained from patients with treatment failure, it was found that 72.7%(16/22) presented alterations in the number of EPIYA motifs, compared to isolates found before *** Unsuccessful treatment limits colonization by lowvirulence strains resulting in partial and selective eradication in mixed infections, and acts on the cag A-positive strains inducing genetic rearrangements in cag A variable region that produces a loss or gain of EPIYA repetitions.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori RAPD-PCR Treatment failure EPIYA motifs 3’ cag A variable region

Neuromodulation and ablation with focused ultrasound-toward the future of noninvasive brain therapy

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第9期14卷 1509-1510页

作者： Anton Fomenko andres M.Lozano Krembil Research Institute University Health NetworkTorontoCanada Division of Neurosurgery Toronto Western HospitalTorontoCanada

With an aging patient population and an increased burden of neurological disease,the demand for noninvasive alternatives to open neurosurgical procedures is *** or minimally invasive approaches to targeting brain regions include transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS),transcranial direct current stimulation,temporally interfering electric fields,and focused ultrasound(FUS).Among these modalities,FUS offers a unique combination of target specificity,deep brain penetration,and compatibility with real-time structural and thermal monitoring using magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and MR *** on the intensity and frequency used,ultrasound can have either modulating or ablative effects on brain ***-intensity MR-guided FUS(MRgFUS)is a noninvasive and effective alternative to conventional deep-brain stimulation and radiofrequency lesioning for essential tremor(ET),and is being investigated for other movement disorders,particularly Parkinson’s *** clinical implementation of high-intensity ultrasound is challenged by limitations in target selection precision,technical barriers(such as variable penetration and heat deposition)and the possibility of lesion-related adverse effects(Schwartz et al.,2018).Emerging studies,including those from our group(Boutet et al.,2018)are striving to refine targeting of MRgFUS to improve safety and patient clinical *** the same time,low-intensity FUS(LIFUS)has been found to safely modulate brain activity in rodents,primates,and healthy human subjects(Fomenko et al.,2018).Clinical translation of LIFUS has been hampered however,by a poor understanding of the mechanisms of action,uncertainty over effective sonication parameters and intensities,and conflicting study results due to heterogeneous experimental *** this perspective,the current state of both MRgFUS ablation and LIFUS neuromodulation will be *** technical challenges to delivering ultrasound to the brain,recen

关键词： precision procedures Parkinson human same FUS can has

Interactome Analysis of Microtubule-targeting Agents Reveals Cytotoxicity Bases in Normal Cells

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2017年第6期15卷 352-360页

作者： andres Julian Gutierrez-Escobar Gina Mendez-Callejas Grupo de Investigaciones Biomedicas y Genetica Aplicada-GIBGA Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales U.D.C.A.Bogota 111166Colombia

Cancer causes millions of deaths annually and microtubule-targeting agents （MTAs） are the most commonly-used anti-cancer drugs. However, the high toxicity of MTAs on normal cells raises great concern. Due to the non-selectivity of MTA targets, we analyzed the interaction net- work in a non-cancerous human cell. Subnetworks of fourteen MTAs were reconstructed and the merged network was compared against a randomized network to evaluate the functional rich- ness. We found that 71.4% of the MTA interactome nodes are shared, which affects cellular pro- cesses such as apoptosis, cell differentiation, cell cycle control, stress response, and regulation of energy metabolism. Additionally, possible secondary targets were identified as client proteins of interphase microtubules. MTAs affect apoptosis signaling pathways by interacting with client pro- teins of interphase microtubules, suggesting that their primary targets are non-tumor cells. The paclitaxel and doxorubicin networks share essential topological axes, suggesting synergistic effects. This may explain the exacerbated toxicity observed when paclitaxel and doxorubicin are used in combination for cancer treatment.

关键词： Cancer treatment Microtubule-targeting agentInteractome analysis Cancer biology Apoptosis

Liver transplantation for colorectal metastasis: a stepwise approach

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2020年第3期9卷 336-338页

作者： Axel andres Christian Toso Abdominal Surgery and Transplantation Geneva University Hospital Geneva Switzerland

Six years after publishing their first results on liver transplantation for colorectal liver metastases(SECA-I)(1),Dueland et al.

关键词： colorectal metastasis al.