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Source-specific risk assessment for cadmium in wheat and maize:Towards an enrichment model for China

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第3期125卷 723-734页

作者： Zhong Zhuang Qiqi Wang Siyu huang Andrea Giovanna NinoSavala Yanan Wan huafen Li andreas h.schweiger andreas Fangmeier Jürgen Franzaring Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of the Ministry of EducationCollege of Resources and Environmental SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation Hebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding 071001China Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology University of Hohenheim70599 StuttgartGermany

Cadmium (Cd) pollution of agricultural soil is of public concern due to its high potential toxicity and mobility.This study aimed to reveal the risk of Cd accumulation in soil and wheat/maize systems,with a specific focus on the source-specific ecological risk,human health risk and Cd enrichment model.For this we investigated more than 6100 paired soil and grain samples with 216 datasets including soil Cd contents,soil ph and grain Cd contents of 85 sites from China.The results showed that mining activities,sewage irrigation,industrial activities and agricultural practices were the critical factors causing Cd accumulation in wheat and maize cultivated sites.Thereinto,mining activities contributed to a higher Cd accumulation risk in the southwest China and Middle Yellow River regions;sewage irrigation influenced the Cd accumulation in the North China Plain.In addition,the investigated sites were classified into different categories by comparing their soil and grain Cd contents with the Chinese soil screening values and food safety values,respectively.Cd enrichment models were developed to predict the Cd levels in wheat and maize grains.The results showed that the models exhibited a good performance for predicting the grain Cd contents among safe and warning sites of wheat (R2=0.61 and 0.72,respectively);while the well-fitted model for maize was prone to the overestimated sites (R2=0.77).This study will provide national viewpoints for the risk assessments and prediction of Cd accumulation in soil and wheat/maize systems.

关键词： Ecological risk Enrichment models Cadmium health risk assessment Pollution sources

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Silk-based nerve guidance conduits with macroscopic holes modulate the vascularization of regenerating rat sciatic nerve

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1789-1800页

作者： Carina hromada Patrick heimel Markus Kerbl LászlóGál Sylvia Nürnberger Barbara Schaedl James Ferguson Nicole Swiadek Xavier Monforte Johannes C.heinzel Antal Nógrádi andreas h.Teuschl-Woller David hercher Department Life Science Engineering University of Applied Sciences Technikum WienViennaAustria Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration ViennaAustria Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVAViennaAustria University Clinic of Dentistry Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic SurgeryLandesklinikum Wiener Neustadt2700 Wiener NeustadtAustria Department of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyAlbert Szent-Györgyi Medical SchoolUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary Medical University of Vienna Department of Orthopedics and Trauma SurgeryDevision of Trauma SurgeryViennaAustria Department of hand- PlasticReconstructive and Burn SurgeryBG Unfallklinik TuebingenUniversity of TuebingenTuebingenGermany

Peripheral nerve injuries induce a severe motor and sensory deficit. Since the availability of autologous nerve transplants for nerve repair is very limited, alternative treatment strategies are sought, including the use of tubular nerve guidance conduits(tNGCs). however, the use of tNGCs results in poor functional recovery and central necrosis of the regenerating tissue, which limits their application to short nerve lesion defects(typically shorter than 3 cm). Given the importance of vascularization in nerve regeneration, we hypothesized that enabling the growth of blood vessels from the surrounding tissue into the regenerating nerve within the tNGC would help eliminate necrotic processes and lead to improved regeneration. In this study, we reported the application of macroscopic holes into the tubular walls of silk-based tNGCs and compared the various features of these improved silk^(+) tNGCs with the tubes without holes(silk^(–) tNGCs) and autologous nerve transplants in an 8-mm sciatic nerve defect in rats. Using a combination of micro-computed tomography and histological analyses, we were able to prove that the use of silk^(+) tNGCs induced the growth of blood vessels from the adjacent tissue to the intraluminal neovascular formation. A significantly higher number of blood vessels in the silk^(+) group was found compared with autologous nerve transplants and silk^(–), accompanied by improved axon regeneration at the distal coaptation point compared with the silk^(–) tNGCs at 7 weeks postoperatively. In the 15-mm(critical size) sciatic nerve defect model, we again observed a distinct ingrowth of blood vessels through the tubular walls of silk^(+) tNGCs, but without improved functional recovery at 12 weeks postoperatively. Our data proves that macroporous tNGCs increase the vascular supply of regenerating nerves and facilitate improved axonal regeneration in a short-defect model but not in a critical-size defect model. This study suggests that further optimization of the macroscopic holes silk^(+) tNGC approac

关键词： axon regeneration blood vessel functional recovery macroporous nerve lesion peripheral nerve repair sciatic nerve silk-based nerve guidance conduit vascularization

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退火热处理对增材制造AlSi10Mg合金宏观和微观变形行为的影响

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金属学报 2024年第8期 1091-1099页

作者：张星星 LUTZ andreas 甘为民 MAAWAD Emad KRIELE Armin 中国科学院高能物理研究所多学科研究中心 Mercedes Benz AG Research and Development Department Institute of Materials Physics Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon German Engineering Materials Science Centre (GEMS) at heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ) Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon

增材制造AlSi10Mg合金存在显著的残余应力，对零件的形状尺寸精度、服役安全性和抗腐蚀性能等产生不利影响。在实际应用中，对残余应力敏感的应用需采用去应力退火以消除残余应力。然而，目前对增材制造AlSi10Mg合金退火后力学特性的理... 详细信息

增材制造AlSi10Mg合金存在显著的残余应力，对零件的形状尺寸精度、服役安全性和抗腐蚀性能等产生不利影响。在实际应用中，对残余应力敏感的应用需采用去应力退火以消除残余应力。然而，目前对增材制造AlSi10Mg合金退火后力学特性的理解还停留在宏观层面。为了更深入地揭示其微观力学行为与内在机制，本工作利用同步辐射X射线衍射技术，对合金进行原位变形研究，分析Al和Si相的晶格应变应力演化，明确各物相对合金加工硬化率的具体贡献，并对位错密度的演变进行了量化分析，从而阐明了退火热处理对增材制造AlSi10Mg合金载荷传递行为与位错行为的影响。

关键词：同步辐射X射线衍射原位变形增材制造 AlSi10Mg合金热处理

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Liver Fat Scores for Noninvasive Diagnosis and Monitoring of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Epidemiological and Clinical Studies

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Journal of Clinical and Translational hepatology 2023年第5期11卷 1212-1227页

作者： Mona Reinshagen Stefan Kabisch andreas F.h.Pfeiffer Joachim Spranger Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Campus Benjamin FranklinCharitéUniversity MedicineBerlinGermany Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V. Geschäftsstelle am Helmholtz-Zentrum MünchenNeuherbergGermany

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is strongly associated with the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes and independently contributes to long-term complications.Being often asymptomatic but reversible,it would require population-wide screening,but direct diagnostics are either too invasive(liver biopsy),costly(MRI)or depending on the examiner’s expertise(ultrasonography).hepatosteatosis is usually accommodated by features of the metabolic syndrome(e.***.obesity,disturbances in triglyceride and glucose metabolism),and signs of hepatocellular damage,all of which are reflected by biomarkers,which poorly predict NAFLD as single item,but provide a cheap diagnostic alternative when integrated into composite liver fat indices.Fatty liver index,NAFLD LFS,and hepatic steatosis index are common and accurate indices for NAFLD prediction,but show limited accuracy for liver fat quantification.Other indices are rarely used.hepatic fibrosis scores are commonly used in clinical practice,but their mandatory reflection of fibrotic reorganization,hepatic injury or systemic sequelae reduces sensitivity for the diagnosis of simple steatosis.Diet-induced liver fat changes are poorly reflected by liver fat indices,depending on the intervention and its specific impact of weight loss on NAFLD.This limited validity in longitudinal settings stimulates research for new equations.Adipokines,hepatokines,markers of cellular integrity,genetic variants but also simple and inexpensive routine parameters might be potential components.Currently,liver fat indices lack precision for NAFLD prediction or monitoring in individual patients,but in large cohorts they may substitute nonexistent imaging data and serve as a compound biomarker of metabolic syndrome and its cardiometabolic sequelae.

关键词： NAFLD Liver fat indices Fatty liver index Prediction Dietary intervention

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Automatic identification of crystal structures and interfaces via artificial-intelligence-based electron microscopy

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 489-499页

作者： andreas Leitherer Byung Chul Yeo Christian h.Liebscher Luca M.Ghiringhelli The NOMAD Laboratory at the Fritz-haber-Institut of the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft and IRIS-Adlershof of the humboldt-Universität zu Berlin BerlinGermany Department of Energy Resources Engineering Pukyong National UniversityBusan 48513Republic of Korea Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung 40237 DüsseldorfGermany Physics Department and IRIS Adlershof Humboldt-Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany Present address:Department of Materials Science and Engineering Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany

Characterizing crystal structures and interfaces down to the atomic level is an important step for designing advanced materials.Modern electron microscopy routinely achieves atomic resolution and is capable to resolve complex arrangements of atoms with picometer precision.here,we present AI-STEM,an automatic,artificial-intelligence based method,for accurately identifying key characteristics from atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM)images of polycrystalline materials.The method is based on a Bayesian convolutional neural network(BNN)that is trained only on simulated images.AI-STEM automatically and accurately identifies crystal structure,lattice orientation,and location of interface regions in synthetic and experimental images.The model is trained on cubic and hexagonal crystal structures,yielding classifications and uncertainty estimates,while no explicit information on structural patterns at the interfaces is included during training.This work combines principles from probabilistic modeling,deep learning,and information theory,enabling automatic analysis of experimental,atomic-resolution images.

关键词： materials crystal estimates

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high Responsivity and Ultra-Low Detection Limits in Nonlinear a-Si:h p-i-n Photodiodes Enabled by Photogating

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Photonic Sensors 2023年第4期13卷 27-38页

作者： andreas BABLICh Maurice MÜLLER Rainer BORNEMANN andreas NAChTIGAL Peter hARING BOLÍVAR Institute of Graphene-Based Nanotechnology University of SiegenHölderlinstr.357076 SiegenGermany Institute of high Frequency and Quantum Electronics University of SiegenHölderlinstr.357076 SiegenGermany

Photodetectors operating at the wavelength in the visible spectrum are key components in high-performance optoelectronic systems.In this work,massive nonlinearities in amorphous silicon p-i-n photodiodes enabled by the photogating are presented,resulting in responsivities up to 744 mA/W at blue wavelengths.The detectors exhibit significant responsivity gains at optical modulation frequencies exceeding Mhz and a more than 60-fold enhanced spectral response compared to the non-gated state.The detection limits down to 10.4 nW/mm^(2) and mean signal-to-noise ratio enhancements of 8.5dB are demonstrated by illuminating the sensor with an additional 6.6μW/mm^(2) red wavelength.Electro-optical simulations verify photocarrier modulation due to defect-induced field screening to be the origin of such high responsivity gains.The experimental results validate the theory and enable the development of commercially viable and complementary metal oxide semiconductor(CMOS)compatible high responsivity photodetectors operating in the visible range for low-light level imaging and detection.

关键词： Photogating amorphous silicon a-Si:h nonlinearity photodetector responsivity gain

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Update on the management of sigmoid diverticulitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第9期27卷 760-781页

作者： Mark h hanna andreas M Kaiser Division of Colorectal Surgery Department of SurgeryCity of Hope National Medical CenterDuarteCA 91010-3000United States

Diverticular disease and diverticulitis are the most common non-cancerous pathology of the colon.It has traditionally been considered a disease of the elderly and associated with cultural and dietary habits.There has been a growing evolution in our understanding and the treatment guidelines for this disease.To provide an updated review of the epidemiology,pathogenesis,classification and highlight changes in the medical and surgical management of diverticulitis.Diverticulitis is increasingly being seen in young patients(han previously thought.Potential similarities and overlap with inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome exist.Computed tomography imaging represents the standard to classify the severity of diverticulitis.Modifications to the traditional hinchey classification might serve to better delineate mild and intermediate forms as well as better classify chronic presentations of diverticulitis.Non-operative management is primarily based on antibiotics and supportive measures,but antibiotics may be omitted in mild cases.Interval colonoscopy remains advisable after an acute attack,particularly after a complicated form.Acute surgery is needed for the most severe as well as refractory cases,whereas elective resections are individualized and should be considered for chronic,smoldering,or recurrent forms and respective complications(stricture,fistula,etc.)and for patients with factors highly predictive of recurrent attacks.Diverticulitis is no longer a disease of the elderly.Our evolving understanding of diverticulitis as a clinical entity has led into a more nuanced approach in both the medical and surgical management of this common disease.Non-surgical management remains the appropriate treatment for greater than 70%of patients.In individuals with non-relenting,persistent,or recurrent symptoms and those with complicated disease and sequelae,a segmental colectomy remains the most effective surgical treatment in the acute,chronic,or

关键词： Diverticulitis Epidemiology Antibiotics Surgical resection Laparoscopic lavage Classification

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Identification of a female murder victim found in Burgenland,Austria in 1993

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Forensic Sciences Research 2022年第2期7卷 308-318页

作者： Christine Lehn andreas Rossmann Matthias Graw Gareth R.Davies Institute of Legal Medicine Ludwig-Maximilians-University of MunichMunichGermany Laboratory for Stable Isotope Analytics Isolab GmbHSchweitenkirchenGermany Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands

In 1993,the skeletal remains of a female corpse were found in Burgenland,Austria.Initial identification of the approximately 25–35-year-old female appeared impossible,but the case was reopened 23 years later.By applying biogeochemical isotope methods to her body tissues,the geographical origin of the unknown corpse could be predicted.The results of the C,N,S,h,Sr,and Pb isotope analyses suggested that the female did not originate from Europe and most likely spent her youth in the northern Caribbean.Using these findings,the police were able to identify the woman within 2 weeks.The female came from the Dominican Republic and resided in Austria for only a short period before she was murdered.This case shows that isotope biogeochemistry investigations can provide the police with crucial information that enables unknown persons to be identified.

关键词： Forensic sciences forensic anthropology human identification provenance stable isotope analysis bio-elements geo-elements

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The Swelling Equilibria of N-isopropylacrylamide Based hydrogel in Aqueous Solution of Ethanol

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2003年第3期11卷 264-268页

作者：许小平 hüThER andreas MAURER Gerd Department of Chemical Engineering Fuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350002China Lehrstuhl für Technische Thermodynamik Universitt KaiserslauternPostfach 304967663 KaiserslauternGermany

N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) was used to synthesize NIPAAm homopolymer (nonionized) and NIPAAm-sodium methacrylate copolymer (ionized). The swelling equilibria for both gels were obtained in aqueous solution of ethanol with concentration ranging from 0 to 100%(by mass) at 25℃. The swollen gel in water shrank first with the addition of a small amount of ethanol and then reswelled with further addition of ethanol showing not only a discontinuous volume phase transition but also a typical reentrant phenomenon. A thermodynamic model based on the UNIQUAC with the 'free-volume' contribution was applied to correlate and predict the swelling behavior of the poly(NIPAAM)-gels in ethanol-water mixture.

关键词：均衡膨胀 N-异丙基丙烯酰胺水凝胶乙醇水溶液热力学

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Anxiety and depression in adult patients with celiac disease on a gluten-free diet

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第22期16卷 2780-2787页

作者： Winfried huser Karl-heinz Janke Bodo Klump Michael Gregor andreas hinz Department of Internal Medicine I Klinikum Saarbrücken Winterberg 1 D-66119 Saarbrücken and Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapie Technische Universitt München Baden-Württemberg State health Office District Government Stuttgart Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Cancer St. Anna Hospital Obere Waiblinger Starβe 101 D-70374 Stuttgart Germany and Department of Internal Medicine 1 Universittskliniken Tübingen Department of Internal Medicine 1 Universittskliniken Tübingen Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology Universitt Leipzig

AIM: To compare anxiety and depression levels in adult patients with celiac disease (CD) on a gluten-free diet (GFD) with controls.METhODS: The levels of anxiety, depression and of a probable anxiety or depressive disorder were assessed by the hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in 441 adult patients with CD recruited by the German Celiac Society, in 235 age-and sex-matched patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in remission or with slight disease activity, and in 441 adult persons of a representative German general population sample (GP). Potential demographic (age, sex, social class, family status) and disease-related (latency to diagnosis, duration of GFD, compliance with GFD, thyroid disease) predictors of anxiety and depression in CD were tested for by regression analyses. RESULTS: The level of anxiety in CD patients was predicted (R 2 = 0.07) by female gender (P = 0.01). Female sex (OR = 3.6, 95% CI: 1.3-9.4, P = 0.01) was associated with a probable anxiety disorder. Living alone (OR = 0.5, 95% CI: 0.2-0.9, P = 0.05) was associated with a reduced risk of an anxiety disorder. The level of depression and a probable depressive disorder were not predicted by any of the demographic and medical variables tested for. The levels of anxiety in patients with CD (6.6 ± 3.4) and with IBD (6.9 ± 3.7) were higher than those of persons in the GP (4.6 ± 3.3) (both P he levels of depression in persons with CD (4.2 ± 3.4), IBD (4.6 ± 3.4) and of the GP (4.2 ± 3.8) did not differ (P = 0.3). The prevalence of a probable anxiety disorder in persons with CD (16.8%) and IBD (14.0%) was higher than that of the GP (5.7%) (P he prevalence of a probable depressive disorder did not differ significantly between the three groups (P = 0.1). CONCLUSION: Anxiety in adult German female celiacs on a GFD is higher than in persons of the GP. Female celiacs on a GFD should be screened for anxiety.

关键词： Celiac disease Anxiety Depression Gender

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