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超越PISA:大变局时代背景下教育高质量发展的再定义

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全球教育展望 2024年第4期53卷 3-5页

作者：安德烈亚斯·施莱歇尔经济合作与发展组织(OECD)教育与技能司

二十年来,国际学生评估项目(PISA)所开展的全球测评不仅成为衡量各个国家和经济体教育发展质量的风向标,亦成为推动全球教育改革的催化剂。PISA 2022是经济合作与发展组织(OECD)在新冠疫情期间开展的新一轮国际测评,相对于成绩并未有明... 详细信息

二十年来,国际学生评估项目(PISA)所开展的全球测评不仅成为衡量各个国家和经济体教育发展质量的风向标,亦成为推动全球教育改革的催化剂。PISA 2022是经济合作与发展组织(OECD)在新冠疫情期间开展的新一轮国际测评,相对于成绩并未有明显波动的历轮测评,本轮测评结果显示,全球整体遭遇前所未有的成绩下滑。这意味着全球教育改革前功尽弃?抑或全球教育发展隐忧悄然而至?本刊在第一时间组织“PISA 2022深度解读”专栏,基于PISA 2022的数据结果对教育系统的韧性、学习效率和教师支持三个关键议题进行深入研究,并邀请OECD教育与技能司司长、教育政策特别顾问安德烈亚斯·施莱歇尔(andreas Schleicher)作为专栏评论人发表见解,从而对大变局时代背景下教育高质量发展做出再定义。期待本期专栏能对我国教育系统正在推进的教育高质量发展和建设教育强国的新使命、新任务有所启示。

关键词： PISA 深度解读教育强国学习效率成绩下滑测评结果施莱歇尔大变局

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精英足球运动员教育、训练与人才培养路径

体育科研 2024年第3期45卷 11-19页

作者： andreas Hohmann Dirk Mack Maximilian Siener 张辉德国拜罗伊特大学拜罗伊特体育科学中心拜罗伊特95448 德国TSG霍芬海姆俱乐部(德甲)青年足球部辛斯海姆74889 浙江大学教育学院体育学系浙江杭州310058

儿童和青少年时期系统的足球训练,可以促进年轻足球运动员专项技能和专项体能的发展。旨在结合最新的研究成果、科学知识和应用实践,区分5岁到成年足球运动员的训练目标和方法,审视足球长期教育过程是否符合现代足球训练、运动表现和比... 详细信息

儿童和青少年时期系统的足球训练,可以促进年轻足球运动员专项技能和专项体能的发展。旨在结合最新的研究成果、科学知识和应用实践,区分5岁到成年足球运动员的训练目标和方法,审视足球长期教育过程是否符合现代足球训练、运动表现和比赛的要求。强调各个年龄组足球运动员应有特定的足球教育理念、训练目标和方法,这对青春期(U15和U17)及青春期后(U19和U21)的足球运动员尤其重要,因为他们必须准备并确保顺利过渡到精英足球运动员水平。

关键词：足球运动员教育与训练特定年龄组的训练目标与方法运动表现分析比赛形式

Silk-based nerve guidance conduits with macroscopic holes modulate the vascularization of regenerating rat sciatic nerve

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1789-1800页

作者： Carina Hromada Patrick Heimel Markus Kerbl LászlóGál Sylvia Nürnberger Barbara Schaedl James Ferguson Nicole Swiadek Xavier Monforte Johannes C.Heinzel Antal Nógrádi andreas H.Teuschl-Woller David Hercher Department Life Science Engineering University of Applied Sciences Technikum WienViennaAustria Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration ViennaAustria Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVAViennaAustria University Clinic of Dentistry Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic SurgeryLandesklinikum Wiener Neustadt2700 Wiener NeustadtAustria Department of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyAlbert Szent-Györgyi Medical SchoolUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary Medical University of Vienna Department of Orthopedics and Trauma SurgeryDevision of Trauma SurgeryViennaAustria Department of Hand- PlasticReconstructive and Burn SurgeryBG Unfallklinik TuebingenUniversity of TuebingenTuebingenGermany

Peripheral nerve injuries induce a severe motor and sensory deficit. Since the availability of autologous nerve transplants for nerve repair is very limited, alternative treatment strategies are sought, including the use of tubular nerve guidance conduits(tNGCs). However, the use of tNGCs results in poor functional recovery and central necrosis of the regenerating tissue, which limits their application to short nerve lesion defects(typically shorter than 3 cm). Given the importance of vascularization in nerve regeneration, we hypothesized that enabling the growth of blood vessels from the surrounding tissue into the regenerating nerve within the tNGC would help eliminate necrotic processes and lead to improved regeneration. In this study, we reported the application of macroscopic holes into the tubular walls of silk-based tNGCs and compared the various features of these improved silk^(+) tNGCs with the tubes without holes(silk^(–) tNGCs) and autologous nerve transplants in an 8-mm sciatic nerve defect in rats. Using a combination of micro-computed tomography and histological analyses, we were able to prove that the use of silk^(+) tNGCs induced the growth of blood vessels from the adjacent tissue to the intraluminal neovascular formation. A significantly higher number of blood vessels in the silk^(+) group was found compared with autologous nerve transplants and silk^(–), accompanied by improved axon regeneration at the distal coaptation point compared with the silk^(–) tNGCs at 7 weeks postoperatively. In the 15-mm(critical size) sciatic nerve defect model, we again observed a distinct ingrowth of blood vessels through the tubular walls of silk^(+) tNGCs, but without improved functional recovery at 12 weeks postoperatively. Our data proves that macroporous tNGCs increase the vascular supply of regenerating nerves and facilitate improved axonal regeneration in a short-defect model but not in a critical-size defect model. This study suggests that further optimizatio

关键词： axon regeneration blood vessel functional recovery macroporous nerve lesion peripheral nerve repair sciatic nerve silk-based nerve guidance conduit vascularization

Better understanding of c-reactive protein and leukocytes in psychiatric inpatients with affective disorders:A biopsychosocial approach

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第19期12卷 3824-3836页

作者： Felix Kölblinger Elena MD Schönthaler andreas Baranyi Tatjana Stross Frederike T Fellendorf Dirk von Lewinski Robert Queissner Eva Z Reininghaus Nina Dalkner Clinical Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine Medical University of GrazGraz 8036Austria Clinical Department of Cardiology Medical University of GrazGraz 8036Austria

BACKGROUND Affective disorders(AD)have been linked to inflammatory processes,although the underlying mechanisms of this relationship are still not fully *** is hypothesized that demographic,somatic,lifestyle,and personality variables predict inflammatory parameters in *** To identify biopsychosocial factors contributing to inflammation in AD measured with two parameters,C-reactive protein(CRP)and *** This observational study investigated 186 hospital inpatients diagnosed with AD using demographic parameters,serum inflammatory markers,somatic variables,psychological questionnaires,and lifestyle *** regression analyses were used to predict inflammatory markers from demographic,somatic,lifestyle,and personality *** Analyses showed that 33.8%of the variance of CRP was explained by body mass index and other somatic medication(***-diabetics),age and education,and age of affective disorder *** leukocytes,20.1%of the variance was explained by smoking,diet,metabolic syndrome(MetS),and anti-inflammatory medication(***-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs).Other psychiatric or behavioural variables did not reach *** Metabolic components seem important,with mounting evidence for a metabolic affective disorder *** modifications and psychoeducation should be employed to prevent or treat MetS in AD.

关键词： Affective disorders C-reactive protein Leukocytes Metabolic syndrome Health behaviour Personality

Tunable structural colors on display

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第6期11卷 1036-1037页

作者： andreas Tittl Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems Nanoinstitute MunichFaculty of PhysicsLudwig-Maximilians-Universitat MünchenKoniginstraβe 1080539 MünchenGermany

Structural coloration takes inspiration from the bright hues found in nature to control the reflection and transmission of light from artificially structured *** them with active electrical tuning heralds breakthrough... 详细信息

关键词： materials tuning breakthrough

数智时代学生创造力发展的全球洞察——基于PISA 2022创造性思维测评结果的分析

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开放教育研究 2024年第4期30卷 11-19页

作者：徐瑾劼安德烈亚斯·施莱歇尔上海范大学国际教师教育中心/联合国教科文组织教师教育中心上海200234 经济发展与合作组织教育与技能司法国巴黎75775

经济合作与发展组织(OECD)于2024年6月18日公布了PISA2022学生创造性思维测评结果。这是OECD在全球范围首次对学生创造力开展大规模测评,64个国家和经济体的15岁学生参加了测评。本研究旨在系统阐释PISA创造性思维测评的目标、理念和原... 详细信息

经济合作与发展组织(OECD)于2024年6月18日公布了PISA2022学生创造性思维测评结果。这是OECD在全球范围首次对学生创造力开展大规模测评,64个国家和经济体的15岁学生参加了测评。本研究旨在系统阐释PISA创造性思维测评的目标、理念和原则,测评分析框架的构成及构建的理论依据,并基于数据结果探讨了创造性思维与基础性素养、创造性思维的课程整合及培养路径等。研究发现,创造力和创造性思维的培养不同于其他基础性素养,具有独特性。促进学生树立积极的信念和心态,发展学生的主体性、能动性是关键;培养学生发散性思维值得引起重视,尤其是课堂教学要为学生多视角思考、与现实生活建立联系、丰富有趣的体验提供环境和情感支持;跨学科学习应指向学生创造性思维培养,以现实生活问题为情境,提升科学和社会问题的解决能力。

关键词： OECD PISA2022 创造性思维测评分析框架测评结果

Numerical micro-texture optimization for lubricated contacts-A critical discussion

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Friction 2022年第11期10卷 1772-1809页

作者： Max MARIAN andreas ALMQVIST andreas ROSENKRANZ Michel FILLON Department of Mechanical and Metallurgical Engineering Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago 690411Chile Division of Machine Elements LuleåUniversity of TechnologyLuleåSE-97187Sweden Department of Chemical Engineering Biotechnology and MaterialsFCFMUniversity of ChileSantiago 8370456Chile Institut Pprime CNRSUniversity of PoitiersPoitiers Cedex TSA 4112386073France

Despite numerous experimental and theoretical studies reported in the literature,surface micro-texturing to control friction and wear in lubricated tribo-contacts is still in the trial-and-error *** tribological behaviour and advantageous micro-texture geometries and arrangements largely depend on the contact type and the operating *** scale implementation is hampered by the complexity of numerical *** substantiates the urgent need to numerically design and optimize micro-textures for specific *** these aspects have not been covered by other review articles yet,we aim at summarizing the existing state-of–the art regarding optimization strategies for micro-textures applied in hydrodynamically and elastohydrodynamically lubricated *** analysis demonstrates the great potential of optimization strategies to further tailor micro-textures with the overall aim to reduce friction and wear,thus contributing toward an improved energy efficiency and sustainability.

关键词： micro-texturing hydrodynamics elastohydrodynamics tribo-simulation optimization

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人工智能时代的教育图景与忧思

全球教育展望 2024年第4期53卷 43-52页

作者：李永智安德烈亚斯·施莱歇尔中国教育科学研究院北京100088 经济合作与发展组织(OECD)教育与技能司巴黎75016

以ChatGPT为代表的人工智能技术突破会给教育和社会发展带来怎样的改变?世界各国教育体系都面临着这样的挑战:工业时代曾经做出巨大贡献的“流水线”式的人才培养模式,终将被“大规模的因材施教”所取代。当前,主流的、最容易教授的和... 详细信息

以ChatGPT为代表的人工智能技术突破会给教育和社会发展带来怎样的改变?世界各国教育体系都面临着这样的挑战:工业时代曾经做出巨大贡献的“流水线”式的人才培养模式,终将被“大规模的因材施教”所取代。当前,主流的、最容易教授的和可测试的学习内容,恰恰是最容易被人工智能所取代的。在此背景下,以全球视角考察各国教育形态异同及发展,对探讨教育数字化转型的目标和路径具有十分重要的意义。

关键词：数字化转型批判性思维信息茧房国际学生评估项目(PISA)

High Responsivity and Ultra-Low Detection Limits in Nonlinear a-Si:H p-i-n Photodiodes Enabled by Photogating

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Photonic Sensors 2023年第4期13卷 27-38页

作者： andreas BABLICH Maurice MÜLLER Rainer BORNEMANN andreas NACHTIGAL Peter HARING BOLÍVAR Institute of Graphene-Based Nanotechnology University of SiegenHölderlinstr.357076 SiegenGermany Institute of High Frequency and Quantum Electronics University of SiegenHölderlinstr.357076 SiegenGermany

Photodetectors operating at the wavelength in the visible spectrum are key components in high-performance optoelectronic *** this work,massive nonlinearities in amorphous silicon p-i-n photodiodes enabled by the photogating are presented,resulting in responsivities up to 744 mA/W at blue *** detectors exhibit significant responsivity gains at optical modulation frequencies exceeding MHz and a more than 60-fold enhanced spectral response compared to the non-gated *** detection limits down to 10.4 nW/mm^(2) and mean signal-to-noise ratio enhancements of 8.5dB are demonstrated by illuminating the sensor with an additional 6.6μW/mm^(2) red ***-optical simulations verify photocarrier modulation due to defect-induced field screening to be the origin of such high responsivity *** experimental results validate the theory and enable the development of commercially viable and complementary metal oxide semiconductor(CMOS)compatible high responsivity photodetectors operating in the visible range for low-light level imaging and detection.

关键词： Photogating amorphous silicon a-Si:H nonlinearity photodetector responsivity gain