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Charcoal kiln sites, associated landscape attributes and historic forest conditions:DTm-based investigations in Hesse(Germany)

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Forest Ecosystems 2016年第3期3卷 174-189页

作者： marcus Schmidt andreas m?lder Egbert Sch?nfelder Falko Engel Werner Fortmann-Valtink Northwest German Forest Research Institute Department A (Forest Growth) Kellerwald-Edersee National Park

Background： An examination of the distribution of ancient charcoal kiln sites in the forest landscape seems to be worthwhile, since general trends in the selection of suitable kiln site locations in the past might become obvious. In this way forest landscape elements with a more intense usage by charcoal burning can be identified. By doing this, we can expect to gain information on the former condition and tree species composition of woodland. Investigations on the spatial distribution of charcoal kiln sites in relation to landscape attributes are sparse, however, probably due to the high on-site mapping effort. The outstanding suitability of LiDAR-derived digital terrain models （DTms） for the detection of charcoal kiln sites has been recently proved. Hence, DTm-based surveys of charcoal kiln sites represent a promising attempt to fill this research gap. methods： Based on DTm-based surveys, we analyzed the spatial distribution of charcoal kiln sites in two forest landscapes in the German federal state of Hesse： Reinhardswald and Kellerwald-Edersee National Park. In doing so, we considered the landscape attibutes ＂tree species composition＂, ＂water supply status＂, ＂nutrient supply status＂, ＂soil complex classes＂, ＂altitude＂, ＂exposition＂, and ＂inclination＂. Results： We found that charcoal kiln sites were established preferably on hillside locations that provided optimal growing and regeneration conditions for European beech （Fagus sylvatico） due to their acidic brown soils and sufficient water supply. These results are in line with instructions for the selection of appropriate kiln site locations, found in literature from the 18th to the 19th century. Conclusions： We conclude that there were well-stocked, beech-dominated deciduous forest stands in northern Hesse before 1800, particularly at poorly accessible hillside locations. These large stocks of beech wood were utilized by the governments of the different Hessian territories through the establishment of ironworks

关键词： Airborne laser scanning Charcoal production Cultural remains Digital terrain model Fagus sylvatica Forest history Historical ecology Landscape history Industrial history metallurgy

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Success factors for high-quality oak forest(Quercus robur, Q. petraea) regeneration

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Forest Ecosystems 2019年第4期6卷 367-383页

作者： andreas m?lder Holger Sennhenn-Reulen Christoph Fischer Hendrik Rumpf Egbert Sch?nfelder Johannes Stockmann Ralf-Volker Nagel Department A (Forest Growth) Northwest German Forest Research Institute(NW-FVA)

Background: Within the framework of close-to-nature forestry, oak forest(Quercus robur, Q. petraea) regeneration techniques that consider both silvicultural and nature conservation demands have become a very important *** there are many experimental and local studies that aim at disentangling the relationships between different environmental and silvicultural factors and the success of oak regeneration, systematic supra-regional studies at the greater landscape level are missing so *** this background, the first objective(a) of this study was to present an efficient and sufficiently accurate sampling scheme for supra-regional forest regrowth inventories, which we applied to young oaks stands. The second, and major, objective(b) was to identify the crucial success factors for high-quality oak forest regeneration in northwest ***: Objective(a): Factors that have been identified as potentially crucial for the success or failure of oak regeneration were either included in a field inventory procedure or extracted from forest inventory databases. We found that the collected data were suitable to be analyzed in a three-step success model, which was aimed at identifying the crucial success factors for high-quality oak forest ***(b): Our modeling procedure, which included a Bayesian estimation approach with spike-and-slab priors,revealed that competitive pressure from the secondary tree species was the most decisive success factor;no competition, or low competition by secondary tree species appeared to be particularly beneficial for the success of high-quality oak regeneration. Also fencing and the absence of competitive vegetation(weeds, grass, bracken)seemed to be beneficial factors for the success of oak ***: Trusting in biological automation was found to be mostly useless regarding economically viable oak forest regeneration. To efficiently organize oak regeneration planning and silvicultural decision-ma

关键词： Close-to-nature forestry Competition Ecological continuity Forest inventory Forest management Plantplant interactions Quercus robur Quercus petraea Regeneration Silviculture

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Food intolerance and the few-foods(or oligoantigenic)diet in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第4期13卷 1729-1738页

作者： Klaus W.Lange andreas Reissmann Yukiko Nakamura Katharina m.Lange Faculty of Human Sciences University of RegensburgRegensburg 93040Germany Department of Psychology University of BathBath BA27AYUnited Kingdom

The hypothesis that some children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)may show sensitivity or allergic reactions to various food items has led to the development of the the few-foods(or oligoantigenic)*** rationale of the diet is to eliminate certain foods from the diet in order to exclude potential allergens contained either naturally in food or in artificial ingredients with allergenic *** oligoantigenic diet attempts to identify individual foods to which a person might be ***,ADHD symptoms are monitored while multiple foods are excluded from the ***,if symptoms remit,foods are re-introduced,while observing the individual for the return of *** advantage of the oligoantigenic diet is that it can be tailored to the individual.A growing body of evidence suggests that behavioral symptoms of subgroups of children with ADHD may benefit from the elimination of certain *** effect sizes of an oligoantigenic diet regarding improvement of ADHD symptoms have been found to be medium to *** evidence suggests that the investigation of the role of food hypersensitivities in ADHD is a promising avenue worthy of further *** large-scale,randomized controlled studies including assessment of long-term outcome are therefore warranted.

关键词： Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder Food intolerance Few-foods diet Etiology Treatment

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Snapshot imaging of ultrashort electron bunches

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第7期13卷 1226-1228页

作者： andreas Döpp Ludwig-maximilian-Universität münchen Am Coulombwall 185748GarchingGermany max Planck Institut für Quantenoptik Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1Garching85748Germany

New measurements combine spatial and temporal information from optical transition radiation to estimate the three-dimensional structure of electron bunches from a laser wakefield accelerator.

关键词： ultrashort Snapshot electron

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Improved Quantile Convolutional and Recurrent Neural Networks for Electric Vehicle Battery Temperature Prediction

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Big Data mining and Analytics 2024年第2期7卷 512-530页

作者： andreas m.Billert Runyao Yu Stefan Erschen michael Frey Frank Gauterin Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT) Institute of Vehicle System TechnologyKarlsruhe 76131Germanyand also with Bayerische Motoren Werke(BMW)AGMunich 80788Germany Technical University of munich(TUm) Munich 80333Germany BmW AG Munich 80788Germany KIT Institute of Vehicle System TechnologyKarlsruhe 76131Germany

The battery thermal management of electric vehicles can be improved using neural networks predicting quantile sequences of the battery *** work extends a method for the development of Quantile Convolutional and Quantile Recurrent Neural Networks(namely Q*NN).Fleet data of 225629 drives are clustered and balanced,simulation data from 971 simulations are augmented before they are combined for training and *** Q*NN hyperparameters are optimized using an efficient Bayesian optimization,before the Q*NN models are compared with regression and quantile regression models for four *** analysis of point-forecast and quantile-related metrics shows the superior performance of the novel Q*NN *** median predictions of the best performing model achieve an average RmSE of 0.66°C and R^(2) of *** predicted 0.99 quantile covers 98.87%of the true values in the test *** conclusion,this work proposes an extended development and comparison of Q*NN models for accurate battery temperature prediction.

关键词： deep learning battery temperature convolutional and recurrent neural network quantile forecasting

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Polymer transfer film formation from cryogenic to elevated temperatures

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Friction 2024年第9期12卷 2018-2032页

作者： Kian BASHANDEH Vasilis TSIGKIS Ahmad AmIRI Pixiang LAN andreas A.POLYCARPOU J.mike Walker’66 Department of mechanical Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas 77843USA ATSP Innovations Inc.HoustonTexas 77055USA Russell School of Chemical Engineering The University of TulsaTulsaOklahoma 74104USA Department of mechanical Engineering The University of TulsaTulsaOklahoma 74104USA

This study reports on the tribological performance of aromatic thermosetting co-polyester(ATSP)and polyether ether ketone(PEEK)-based polymer composite coatings mixed with PTFE *** coatings were tested across a wide temperature range from−180 to 110℃ to simulate the environmental temperatures on Titan,moon,and mars,which are of particular interest for NASA’s future exploratory *** experimental setup was developed to conduct the pin-on-disk experiments under dry sliding conditions and extreme temperature and contact *** film formation and its characteristics were found to play significant roles in the tribological performance,and the characteristics of the film were *** XPS and SEm analysis indicated the increase of the PTFE content in the transfer film as the temperature decreased to cryogenic *** coefficient of friction did not follow a linear trend with temperature and was minimum at 110℃ and maximum at−180℃.ATSP coating showed superior performance with lower friction and unmeasurable wear at all temperatures,whereas PEEK coating exhibited maximum wear at 25℃ followed by−180,and 110℃.

关键词： transfer film cryogenic high temperature tribology space tribology polymer coating

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Audio Enhancement for Computer Audition—An Iterative Training Paradigm Using Sample Importance

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2024年第4期39卷 895-911页

作者： manuel milling Shuo Liu andreas Triantafyllopoulos Ilhan Aslan Björn W.Schuller Chair of Embedded Intelligence for Health Care and Wellbeing University of AugsburgAugsburg 86159Germany Chair of Health Informatics München rechts der IsarTechnical University of MunichMunich 81675Germany munich Center for machine Learning Munich 80333Germany Huawei Technologies MunichMunich 80992Germany munich Data Science Institute Garching 85748Germany Group on Language Audio and MusicImperial College LondonLondon SW72AZU.K.

Neural network models for audio tasks,such as automatic speech recognition(ASR)and acoustic scene classification(ASC),are susceptible to noise contamination for real-life *** improve audio quality,an enhancement module,which can be developed independently,is explicitly used at the front-end of the target audio *** this paper,we present an end-to-end learning solution to jointly optimise the models for audio enhancement(AE)and the subsequent *** guide the optimisation of the AE module towards a target application,and especially to overcome difficult samples,we make use of the sample-wise performance measure as an indication of sample *** experiments,we consider four representative applications to evaluate our training paradigm,i.e.,ASR,speech command recognition(SCR),speech emotion recognition(SER),and *** applications are associated with speech and nonspeech tasks concerning semantic and non-semantic features,transient and global information,and the experimental results indicate that our proposed approach can considerably boost the noise robustness of the models,especially at low signal-to-noise ratios,for a wide range of computer audition tasks in everyday-life noisy environments.

关键词： audio enhancement computer audition joint optimisation multi-task learning voice suppression

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High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound-Induced Disulfide mechanophore Activation in Polymeric Nanostructures for molecule Release

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CCS Chemistry 2024年第8期6卷 1895-1907页

作者： Jilin Fan Kuan Zhang mingjun Xuan Xiang Gao Rostislav Vinokur Robert Göstl Lifei Zheng andreas Herrmann DWI—Leibniz Institute for Interactive materials 52056 Aachen Institute of Technical and macromolecular Chemistry RWTH Aachen University52074 Aachen Wenzhou Institute University of Chinese Academy of Sciences325001 Wenzhou

Ultrasound(US)activation of mechanophores in polymers that initiates cascade chemical reactions is a promising strategy for on-demand molecule ***,the typical US frequency used for mechanochemistry is around 20 kHz,producing inertial cavitation that exceeds the tolerance threshold of biological ***,high-intensity focused US(HIFU)as a mechanical stimulus is introduced to drive the activation of disulfide mechanophores in hyperbranched star polymers(HBSPs)and microgels(mGLs).The mechanism of molecular release is attributed to the thiol-disulfide exchange reaction and subsequent intramolecular *** reveal that HBSPs and mGLs effectively transduce HIFU as mechanical input to chemical output,demonstrated by the quantification of the release of fluorescent umbelliferone(UmB).moreover,an in vitro study of drug release is carried out using camptothecin as the model drug,which is covalently loaded in mGLs,demonstrating the potential of our system for controlled drug delivery to cancer cells.

关键词： mechanophores polymer mechanochemistry polymeric nanostructures ultrasound drug release sonopharmacology

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microglia:a promising therapeutic target in spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 454-463页

作者： Xiaowei Zha Guoli Zheng Thomas Skutella Karl Kiening andreas Unterberg Alexander Younsi Department of Neurosurgery Heidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany Department of Neuroanatomy Institute for Anatomy and Cell BiologyHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany

microglia are present throughout the central nervous system and are vital in neural repair,nutrition,phagocytosis,immunological regulation,and maintaining neuronal *** a healthy spinal cord,microglia are accountable for immune surveillance,however,when a spinal cord injury occurs,the microenvironment drastically changes,leading to glial scars and failed axonal *** this context,microglia vary their gene and protein expression during activation,and proliferation in reaction to the injury,influencing injury responses both favorably and unfavorably.A dynamic and multifaceted injury response is mediated by microglia,which interact directly with neurons,astrocytes,oligodendrocytes,and neural stem/progenitor *** a clear understanding of their essential nature and origin,the mechanisms of action and new functions of microglia in spinal cord injury require extensive *** review summarizes current studies on microglial genesis,physiological function,and pathological state,highlights their crucial roles in spinal cord injury,and proposes microglia as a therapeutic target.

关键词： astrocytes cytokines functional recovery immune regulation m1/m2 activation macrophages microglia neuroinflammation spinal cord injury therapy

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Performance of wavecatcher intakes at angles of attack and sideslip

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2021年第7期34卷 244-256页

作者： Fengyuan ZUO Sannu mO lder Gang CHEN State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of mechanical Structures School of Aerospace EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China Ryerson University Toronto ON M5B 2K3Canada

A wavecatcher type scramjet intake,that reduces the mach number number from 4 to 1.552,is used as the basis for a study of flow starting/unstarting as affected by freestream angles of attack and *** intake design is based on a morphed streamtube consisting of two conical flow streamlines using streamline tracing and osculating axisymmetric design *** flow and performance is modeled using the numerical CFD code and the k-e turbulence *** intake unstarts at a sideslip angle of 2,a positive angle of attack of 1.Both positive angle of attack and sideslip angle have an adverse effect on the startability of the mBus *** negative angles,the intake initially unstarts at5angle of attack,due to the thickened shear layer induced by the streamwise *** it re-starts at8angle of attack,mainly due to the expansion fan formed at the leading edge,causing the shock wave structures inside the intake to be reestablished.

关键词： Angle of attack Sideslip angle Unstart Wavecatcher intake

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