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D-MELD risk capping improves post-transplant and overall mortality under markov microsimulation

World Journal of Transplantation 2014年第3期4卷 206-215页

作者： Jeffrey B Halldorson Robert L Carithers Jr Renuka Bhattacharya Ramasamy Bakthavatsalam Iris W Liou andre a dick Jorge D Reyes James D Perkins Division of Transplant Surgery Department of Surgery University of California San Diego CA 92103-8401 United States Division of Transplantation Department of Surgery University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 United States Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 United States

AIM: To hypothesize that the product of calculated Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score excluding exception points and donor age(D-MELD) risk capping ± Rule 14 could improve post liver transplant and overall survival after ***: Probabilities derived from the United Network for Organ Sharing database between 2002 and 2004 were used to simulate potential outcomes for all patients listed for transplantation. The Markov simula-tion was then modified by screening matches using a 1200 or 1600 D-MELD risk cap ± allowing transplants for Model for End-Stage Liver Disease(MELD) ≤ 14(Rule 14). The differential impact of the rule changes was ***: The Markov simulation accurately reproduced overall and post transplant survival. A 1200 D-MELD risk cap improved post-transplant survival. Both the 1200 and 1600 risk caps improved overall survival for waitlisted patients. The addition of Rule 14 further improved post transplant and overall survival by redistribution of donor livers to recipients in higher MELD subgroups. The mechanism for improved overall and post-transplant survival after listing was due to shifting a larger percentage of transplants to the moderate MELD score subgroup(MELD 15-29) while also ensuring that high MELD recipients have livers of high quality to achieve excellent post transplant ***: A 1200 D-MELD risk cap + Rule 14 provided the greatest overall benefit primarily by focusing liver transplantation towards the moderate MELD recipient.

关键词： Liver transplantation The product of calculated Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score excluding exception points and donor age Donor/recipient matching Markov microsimulation Model for End-Stage Liver Disease Donor age

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Spatially-Structured Sharing Technique for Multimodal Problems

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2008年第1期23卷 64-76页

作者： Grant dick Peter Whigham Department of Information Science University of OtagoDunedin

Spatially-structured populations are one approach to increasing genetic diversity in an evolutionary algorithm （EA）. However, they are susceptible to convergence to a single peak in a multimodal fitness landscape. Niching methods, such as fitness sharing, allow an EA to maintain multiple solutions in a single population, however they have rarely been used in conjunction with spatially-structured populations. This paper introduces local sharing, a method that applies sharing to the overlapping demes of a spatially-structured population. The combination of these two methods succeeds in maintaining multiple solutions in problems that have previously proved difficult for sharing alone （and vice-versa）.

关键词： evolutionary algorithm multimodal problem domain sharing spatially-structured population

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Treatment of central precocious puberty by GnRH analogs： long-term outcome in men

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2008年第4期10卷 525-534页

作者： Silvano Bertelloni dick Mul Adolescent Medicine Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Pediatrics Santa Chiara University Hospital Pisa 56125 Italy Leiden University Medical Center Department of Paediatrics. PO Box 9600 2300 RC Leiden the Netherlands

In boys, central precocious puberty （CPP） is the appearance of secondary sex characteristics driven by pituitary gonadotropin secretion before the age of 9 years. In the last years, relevant improvements in the treatment of CPP have been achieved. Because CPP is rare in boys, the majority of papers on this issue focus on girls and do not address specific features of male patients regarding end results and safety. In the present paper, recent advances of CPP management with GnRH analogs in men are summarized. End results in untreated and treated patients are also reviewed by an analysis of the recently published literature on treatment of CPP in men. The available data indicate that therapy with GnRH analogs can improve final height into the range of target height without significant adverse short-term and long-term effects, but longer follow-up of larger series of patients is still required to draw definitive conclusions.

关键词： adolescent male central precocious puberty gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog treatment gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog safety long-term outcome adult height

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WHAT ROLE PLACE AND LOCALNESS IN THE DESIGN OF SUSTAINABLE BUILDINGS?

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Journal of Green Building 2008年第2期3卷 20-25页

作者： dick Clarke the Building Designers Association(BDA)NSW

INTRODUCTION Is“the new modernism”in domestic architecture—sometimes called“internationalism”—a useful step on the road toward sustainable buildings?Mindless recreations of traditional forms from other times and places are no better,as many writers have noted,but any building’s natural and cultural context must play a fundamental role in the design,materials selection,and even the detailing,if sustainability is to be more readily *** role of place-based planning has been well researched and reported(Clarke 2006;Mant 1998,2000;NSW Department of Urban Affairs and Planning 2001).Less well understood is the role of“localness”in building *** informs the overall form of buildings,and their detailing,as well as their technical functionality.A local understanding stems from a sense of materials,climate,and indigenous or local culture,and informs the design process at every *** this article,the position of internationalist domestic architecture(espoused in glossy architecture publications)is criticised,drawing also on previous research(a case study of the outcomes of a place-based planning instrument,by the author,and a joint paper on locality-based design written jointly with Trevor King).The internationalist design approach is shown not to provide culturally appropriate or technically sustainable buildings.

关键词： LOCAL jointly instrument

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Transition Modelling with the k-Ω Turbulence Model and an Intermittency Transport Equation

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Journal of Thermal Science 2004年第3期13卷 220-225页

作者： Koen LODEFIER Bart MERCI Chris De LANGHE Erik dick Ghent University Dept. of Flow Heat and Combustion Mechanics Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 B-9000 Gent BelgiumGhent University Dept. of Flow Heat and Combustion Mechanics Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 B-9000 Gent BelgiumGhent University Dept. of Flow Heat and Combustion Mechanics Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 B-9000 Gent BelgiumGhent University Dept. of Flow Heat and Combustion Mechanics Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 B-9000 Gent Belgium

In gas turbine engines, laminar-turbulent transition occurs. However, generally, the turbulence models to describe such transition results in too early and too short transition. Combining a turbulence model with a description of intermittency, i.e. the fraction of time the flow is turbulent during the transition phase, can improve it. By letting grow the intermittency from zero to unity, start and evolution of transition can be imposed. In this paper, a method where a dynamic equation of intermittency combining with a two-equation k-ωturbulence model is described. This intermittency factor is a premultiplicator of the turbulent viscosity computed by the turbulence model. Following a suggestion by Menter et al.[1], the start of transition is computed based on local variables.

关键词： bypass transition intermittency SST turbulence model.

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Remediation of saline–sodic soil with flue gas desulfurization gypsum in a reclaimed tidal flat of southeast China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第7期28卷 224-232页

作者： Yumei Mao Xiaping Li Warren A.dick Liming Chen East China Normal University Shanghai 200062China The Ohio State University The Ohio Agricultural Research and Development CenterWoosterOH 44691USA

Salinization and sodicity are obstacles for vegetation reconstruction of coastal tidal flat soils. A study was conducted with flue gas desulfurization（FGD）-gypsum applied at rates of 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 Mg/ha to remediate tidal flat soils of the Yangtze River *** sodium percentage（ESP）, exchangeable sodium（ExNa）, p H, soluble salt concentration, and composition of soluble salts were measured in 10 cm increments from the surface to 30 cm depth after 6 and 18 months. The results indicated that the effect of FGD-gypsum is greatest in the 0–10 cm mixing soil layer and 60 Mg/ha was the optimal rate that can reduce the ESP to below 6% and decrease soil p H to neutral（7.0）. The improvement effect was reached after 6 months, and remained after 18 months. The composition of soluble salts was transformed from sodic salt ions mainly containing Na~＋, HCO_3^-＋ CO_3^（2-）and Cl-to neutral salt ions mainly containing Ca^（2＋）and SO_4^（2-）. Non-halophyte plants were survived at 90%. The study demonstrates that the use of FGD-gypsum for remediating tidal flat soils is promising.

关键词： FGD-gypsum Saline–sodic soil Tidal flat ESP Composition of soluble salt

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Activation of the Brain to Postpone Dementia: A Concept Originating from Postmortem Human Brain Studies

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2019年第2期35卷 253-266页

作者： Qiong-Bin Zhu Ai-Min Bao dick Swaab Department of Neurology Sir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang University School of Medicine Department of Neurobiology Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Neurobiology Zhejiang University School of Medicine Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences

Alzheimer's disease(AD) is characterized by decreased neuronal activity and atrophy, while hyperactivity of neurons seems to make them resistant to aging and neurodegeneration, a phenomenon which we have paraphrased as ‘use it or lose it'. Our hypothesis proposes that(1) during their functioning, neurons are damaged;(2)accumulation of damage that is not repaired is the basis of aging;(3) the vulnerability to AD is determined by the genetic background and the balance between the amount of damage and the efficiency of repair, and(4) by stimulating the brain, repair mechanisms are stimulated and cognitive reserve is increased, resulting in a decreased rate of aging and risk for AD. Environmental stimulating factors such as bilingualism/multilingualism, education, occupation, musical experience, physical exercise, and leisure activities have been reported to reduce the risk of dementia and decrease the rate of cognitive decline, although methodological problems are present.

关键词： Dementia Genes Environmental stimulation Brain activation Cognitive reserve Use it or lose it

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Application of a k-ε Model to Heat Transfer in Impinging Flows

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Journal of Thermal Science 2004年第1期13卷 62-66页

作者： Bart Merci Chris De Langhe Koen Lodefier Erik dick Ghent University Dept.of FlowHeat and Combustion MechanicsSint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41B-9000 GentBelgiumGhent UniversityDept.of FlowHeat and Combustion MechanicsSint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41B-9000 GentBelgiumGhent UniversityDept.of FlowHeat and Combustion MechanicsSint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41B-9000 GentBelgiumGhent UniversityDept.of FlowHeat and Combustion MechanicsSint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41B-9000 GentBelgium

Local heat transfer is predicted in turbulent axisymmetric jets, impinging onto a flat plate. A non-linear k-e model is used, in which both the constitutive law for the turbulent stresses and the transport equation for the turbulent dissipation rate e have an important contribution in the improved heat transfer predictions. The shape of the Nusselt number profiles, expressing dimensionless heat transfer, as well as the stagnation point value, are well predicted for different distances between the nozzle exit and the plate. Accurate flow field predictions are the basis for good heat transfer predictions. For a fixed Reynolds number, the influence of the nozzle-plate distance is well captured. For a fixed distance, the influence of the Reynolds number is correctly reproduced. Comparisons are made to a low-Reynolds standard k-e model and the v2-f model. A thorough discussion is found in [4]. Only a summary of those results is discussed here, while some new results are also presented.

关键词： local heat transfer impinging jets non-linear k-ε model.

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Utilization of Thermally Treated Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) Gypsum and Class-C Fly Ash (CFA) to Prepare CFA-Based Geopolymer

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2013年第1期28卷 132-138页

作者：郭晓潞施惠生 Warren A dick Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials (Tongji University) Ministry of Education School of Environment and Natural Resources the Ohio State University

The feasibility of utilization of flue gas desulfurization （FGD） gypsum and Class-C fly ash （CFA） to prepare CFA-based geopolymer were studied. The results showed that geopolymer made from 90% CFA and 10% FGD gypsum （FGDG） which was thermally treated at 800 ℃ for 1 h obtained the better compressive strength of 37.0 MPa. The micro characteristics and structures of the geopolymer samples of CFA and CFA-FGDG were tested by XRD, FT-IR, and SEM-EDXA after these samples cured at 75 ℃ for 8 h followed by 23 ℃ for 28 d. Both the geopolymer samples of CFA and CFA-FGDG have significant asymmetric stretching of A1-O/Si-O bonds and Si-O-Si / Si-O-A1 bending band. In geopolymer sample of CFA-FGDG, a small quantity of lathy products probably being the ettringite wrapped over the spherical fly ash particle, and the concentration of sulfur is much more than that in geopolymer sample of CFA. It is indicated that FGD gypsum may react during alkali-activated and geopolymeric process.

关键词： flue gas desulphurization (FGD)gypsum class-C fly ash(CFA) geopolymer thermal treatment

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Natural variation of hormone levels in Arabidopsis roots and correlations with complex root architecture

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2018年第4期60卷 292-309页

作者： Sangseok Lee Lidiya l.Sergeeva dick Vreugdenhil Laboratory of Plant Physiology Wageningen University&ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 16708 PBWageningenThe Netherlands Gyeongsangbuk-Do Agricultural Research&Extension Services Centre 136 Gil-14Chilgokjungang-daeroDaeguSouth Korea

Studies on natural variation are an important tool to unravel the genetic basis of quantitative traits in plants. Despite the significant roles of phytohormones in plant development, including root architecture, hardly any studies have been done to investigate natural variation in endogenous hormone levels in plants. Therefore, in the present study a range of hormones were quantified in root extracts of thirteen Arabidopsis thaliana accessions using a ultra performance liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Root system architecture of the set of accessions was quantified, using a new parameter （mature root unit） for complex root systems, and correlated with the phytohormone data. Significant variations in phytohormone levels among the accessions were detected, but were remarkably small, namely less than three-fold difference between extremes. For cytokinins, relatively larger variations were found for ribosides and glucosides, as compared to the free bases. For root phenotyping, length-related traits--lateral root length and total root length--showed larger variations than lateral root number-related ones. For root architecture, antagonistic interactions between hormones, for example, indole-3-acetic acid to trans-zeatin were detected in correlation analysis. These findings provide conclusive evidence for the presence of natural variation in phytohormone levels in Arabidopsis roots, suggesting that quantitative genetic analyses are feasible.

关键词： Natural variation of hormone levels in Arabidopsis roots and correlations with complex root architecture

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