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Hard life for sons in the nest?Sex-dependent offspring mortality in Great Tits in urban and forest areas

Avian Research 2024年第1期15卷 91-97页

作者： nora Agh Henriett Anna Dalvári Krisztián Szabó Ivett Pipoly andrás Liker HUn-REn-PE Evolutionary Ecology Research Group University of PannoniaH-8200VeszpremPf.1158.Hungary Behavioral Ecology Research Group Center for Natural SciencesUniversity of PannoniaH-8200Pf.1158.VeszpremHungary Molecular Ecology Research Group Department of EcologyUniversity of Veterinary Medicine BudapestH-1400Pf.2.BudapestHungary Synlab Hungary Ltd. H-1211Weiss Manfr´ed Str.5-7BudapestHungary

Sex-biased mortality can occur in birds during development,for example due to sexual differences in energy requirement and/or environmental sensitivity,or the effects of sex hormones or sex differences in the expression of mutations linked to sex *** extent of sex-bias in mortality may also be related to environmental conditions that influence offspring development and *** areas often provide poorer conditions for nestling development resulting in higher offspring mortality compared to natural areas,which may accelerate sex differences in offspring mortality in *** test this hypothesis,we examined the sex ratio of dead offspring in Great Tits(Parus major),using 427 samples of unhatched eggs and dead nestlings collected in two urban and two forest sites between 2013 and *** ratio of males in the whole sample of dead offspring(56.9%)was significantly higher than expected by an 1:1 ratio,and the strongest sex biases were detected in urban areas(57.6%males)and in young nestlings(wever,the sex ratios of dead offspring did not differ significantly among study sites and between offspring developmental stages.29.3%of unhatched eggs contained a visible embryo,and the proportion of embryo-containing unhatched eggs did not differ significantly between urban and forest study *** results suggest male-biased offspring mortality in Great Tits,and highlight the need of large datasets to detect subtle differences between habitats and developmental stages.

关键词： Great Tit Urbanization nestling mortality Sex related differences

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Litterfall production modeling based on climatic variables and nutrient return from stands of Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden and Pinus taeda L.

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第5期35卷 26-36页

作者： andrés Baietto andrés Hirigoyen Jorge Hernández Amabelia del Pino Forest Department Faculty of AgronomyUniversity of the Republic12900 MontevideoUruguay national Research Program of Forest Production National Agriculture Research InstituteINIA97000 TacuarembóUruguay Soil and water Department Faculty of AgronomyUniversity of the Republic12900 MontevideoUruguay

native grasslands in the Pampas of South America are increasingly being replaced by Eucalyptus and Pinus *** short rotation regimes used for the stands require high nutrient levels,with litterfall being a major source of nutrient *** model the litterfall production using climatic variables and assess the nutrient return in 14-year-old Eucalyptus grandis and Pinus taeda stands,we measured litter production over 2 years,using conical litter traps,and monitored climatic *** temperature,accumulated precipitation,and mean maximum vapor pres-sure deficit at the seasonal level influenced litterfall produc-tion by ***;seasonal accumulated precipitation and mean maximum temperature affected litterfall by *** regression tree modeling based on these climatic vari-ables had great accuracy and predictive power for ***(n=33;MAE(mean absolute error)=0.65;RMSE(root mean square error)=0.91;R^(2)=0.71)and ***(n=108;MAE=1.50;RMSE=1.59;R^(2)=0.72).The nutrient return followed a similar pattern to litterfall deposition,as well as the order of importance of macronutrients(***:Ca>n>K>Mg>P;***:n>Ca>K>Mg>P)and micronutrients(*** and ***:Mn>Fe>Zn>Cu)in both *** study constitutes a first approximation of factors that affect litterfall and nutrient return in these systems.

关键词： Afforestation Litterfall nutrient recycling Climate modeling Myrtaceae Pinaceae

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Determination of riding comfort on cycleways using a smartphone application

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2024年第4期11卷 747-760页

作者： Anna niska Leif Sjögren Peter andrén Christian weber Tineke de Jong Aslak Fyhri Department of Infrastructure Maintenance Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute(VTI)Linköping SE-58195Sweden Department of Safety and Behavior Institute of Transport EconomicsGaustadalleen 210349 OsloNorway

well maintained cycleways will encourage more people to cycle,as the condition of cycleways is important for the safety,accessibility and riding comfort of *** that,only a few models used to describe the quality of service for cyclists take the surface condition into *** measuring methods are needed to enable reliable and effective assessment of surface conditions,and measurable performance criteria related to the needs of cyclists should be *** purpose of this study has been to test the reliability and validity of using accelerometers in smartphones to assess the riding comfort on cycleways.A smartphone application converting three-dimensional accelerometer measurements into a single indicator for cycleways has been used to assess road surfaces in two field studies,in Sweden and norway,*** studies assessed test sections of varying *** relate the measurements to subjective riding comfort assessments by cyclists,recruited cyclists collected quantitative data using the app,whilst also rating their perceived riding comfort by completing a *** were also related to standard road surface condition indicators,generated from a road surface tester equipped with 19 laser sensors:international roughness index(IRI),mega-and *** results show that it is possible to describe the unevenness of a cycleway using the technology present in smartphones.A software application can be used to collect and analyse data from the acceleration sensors in the phone,which can then be used to describe the riding comfort of *** is mainly the unevenness in the 50-1000 mm sizerange that create the greatest discomfort for cyclists,and intermittent vibrations are perceived as more uncomfortable than more evenly distributed ***,IRI is not a relevant measurement for describing the riding comfort of cyclists.

关键词： Cyclist Comfort Assessment Road surface measurement Smartphone application

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Elevation transition of aquatic insects closely matches a thermal feature in the Yungas of northwestern Argentina

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第2期21卷 433-448页

作者： Alexandra BUITRAGO-GUACAnAME Carlos MOLInERI andrés LIRA-nORIEGA Daniel andrés DOS SAnTOS neotropical Biodiversity Institute(COnICET-UnT) UNT-DomesHorco Molle S/N4107 TucumánArgentina COnACYT Research Fellow Network of Advanced Molecular StudiesInstitute of Ecology A.COld Road to Coatepec 351El HayaCP 91073XalapaVeracruzMexico Biostatistics Chair Faculty of Natural Sciences and IMLNational University of TucumánSan Miguel de TucumánMiguel Lillo 2054000 TucumánArgentina

Temperature is a key factor that shapes the distribution of *** knowledge about how species respond to temperature is relevant to devise strategies for addressing the impacts of climate *** insects are particularly vulnerable to climate change,yet there is still much to learn about their ecology and *** the Yungas ecoregion of northwestern Argentina,cold-and warm-adapted species of the orders Ephemeroptera,Plecoptera,and Trichoptera(EPT)are segregated by *** modeled the ecological niche of South American EPT species in this region using available data and projected their potential distribution in geographic *** were grouped based on their ecogeographic similarity,and we analyzed their replacement pattern along elevation gradients,focusing on the ecotone where opposing thermal preferences *** this interface,we identified critical points where the combined incidence of cold and warm assemblages maximizes,indicating a significant transition *** found that the Montane Cloud Forest holds the interface,with a particularly greater suitability at its lower *** main axis of the interface runs in a n-S direction and falls between 14°C-16°C mean annual *** probability of a particular location within a basin being classified as part of the interface increases as Kira’s warmth index approaches a score around *** the interface is critical for defining the thermal limits of species distribution and designing biomonitoring *** in the location of thermal constants related to mountainous ecotones may cause vertical displacement of aquatic insects and vegetation *** have recognized significant temperature thresholds that serve as indicators of suitability for the *** global warming is anticipated to shift these indicators,we suggest using them to monitor the imprints of climate change on mountain ecosystems.

关键词： Austral Yungas Ecological niche Model Ephemeroptera Kira’s warmth index Plecoptera Trichoptera

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Developing biophilic intermediate spaces for Arctic housing:Optimizing the thermal,visual,and energy performance

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Building Simulation 2024年第6期17卷 857-875页

作者： Tarlan Abazari andréPotvin Louis Gosselin Claude MH Demers GRAP(Groupe de recherche en ambiance physiques) School of ArchitectureLaval UniversityQuébecCanada Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Science and EngineeringLaval UniversityQuébecCanada

Connecting occupants to the outdoor environment and incorporating biophilic design principles are challenging in extreme Arctic climatic *** Arctic housing models do not provide efficient thermal and daylight transitions which are essential for the well-being and cultural needs of their *** address these challenges,this research develops free-running biophilic intermediate spaces,integrated into an existing Arctic housing *** simulation methods are employed to optimize the primary and secondary architectural design variables for 26 case studies of intermediate *** variables include volume,transparency ratio,and *** variables include materials and physical ***,Daylight Factor/Autonomy,and Energy Use are evaluated as performance *** reveal that free-running intermediate spaces with 6 meters depth and a transparency ratio above 50%provide efficient indoor–outdoor transitions regarding thermal,visual,and energy *** architectural configurations contribute to an approximately 5%reduction in energy consumption within the housing unit compared to the *** side windows prevents the risk of overheating during the summer by reducing the average indoor temperature of intermediate spaces by 7°C but increases the overall energy *** a potential alternative to double-glazing,polycarbonate sheets enable efficient thermal performance by increasing the average indoor temperature of intermediate spaces by approximately 15°C during the cold Arctic *** polycarbonate sheets results in a 16.6%reduction in energy consumption compared to using double-glazing material in intermediate space,and a 26%reduction from the *** outcomes contribute to efficient indoor–outdoor connections and energy efficiency in Arctic housing.

关键词： Arctic housing intermediate spaces biophilic design positive thermal transitions daylight availability energy efficiency

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Effect of thermo-mechanical conditions during constrained friction processing on the particle refinement of AM50 Mg-alloy phases

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第6期12卷 2298-2311页

作者： Camila Caroline de Castro andréMartins neves Benjamin Klusemann Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon Institute of Material and Process DesignSolid-State Materials Processing21502 GeesthachtGermany Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon Institute of Hydrogen TechnologySystem Design for Mobility21502 GeesthachtGermany Helmut Schmidt University/University of the German Federal Armed Forces Hamburg Department of Mechanical and Civil Engineering22043 HamburgGermany Leuphana University Lüneburg Institute for Production Technology and Systems21335 LüneburgGermany

Constrained Friction Processing(CFP)is a novel solid-state processing technique suitable for lightweight materials,such Mg-and *** technique enables grain size refinement to fine or even ultrafine *** this study,the effect of CFP on the microstructural refinement of AM50 rods is investigated in terms of particle size and morphology of the eutectic and secondary phases originally present in the base material,in particular the eutecticβ-Mg_(17)Al_(12)and Al-Mn *** that purpose,as-cast and solution heat-treated base material and processed samples were *** Al_(8)Mn_(5) intermetallic phase was identified as the main secondary phase present in all samples before and after the processing.A notorious refinement of these particles was observed,starting from particles with an average equivalent length of a few micrometers to around 560 nm after the *** refinement of the secondary phase refinement is attributed to a mechanism analogous to the attrition comminution,where the combination of temperature increase and shearing of the material enables the continuous breaking of the brittle intermetallic particles into smaller *** for the eutectic phase,the results indicate the presence of the partially divorcedβ-Mg_(17)Al_(12)particles exclusively in the as-cast base material,indicating that no further phase transformations regarding the eutectic phase,such as dynamic precipitation,occurred after the *** the case of the processed as-cast material analyzed after the CFP,the thermal energy generated during the processing led to temperature values above the solvus limit of the eutectic phase,which associated with the mechanical breakage of the particles,enabled the complete dissolution of this ***,CFP was successfully demonstrated to promote an extensive microstructure refinement in multiple aspects,in terms of grain sizes of theα-Mg phase and presence and morphology of the Al-Mn and eutecticβ-Mg_(17)Al_(12).

关键词： Constrained friction processing AM50 Refill friction stir spot welding Extrusion β-Mg_(17)Al_(12) Al-Mn phases

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Assistive Robotics for Upper Limb Physical Rehabilitation:A Systematic Review and Future Prospects

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2024年第4期37卷 50-73页

作者： andrés Guatibonza Leonardo Solaque Alexandra Velasco Lina Peñuela Department of Engineering Mechatronics EngineeringMilitar Nueva Granada UniversityBogotá1101111Colombia

Physical assistive robotics are oriented to support and improve functional capacities of *** physical rehabilitation,robots are indeed useful for functional recovery of affected ***,there are still open questions related to technological *** work presents a systematic review of upper limb rehabilitation robotics in order to analyze and establish technological challenges and future directions in this area.A bibliometric analysis was performed for the systematic literature *** from the last six years,conducted between August 2020 and May 2021,was *** methodology for the literature search and a bibliometric analysis of the metadata are *** a preliminary search resulted in 820 articles,a total of 66 articles were included.A concurrency network and bibliographic analysis were *** an analysis of occurrences,taxonomy,and rehabilitation robotics reported in the literature is *** review aims to provide to the scientific community an overview of the state of the art in assistive robotics for upper limb physical *** literature analysis allows access to a gap of unexplored options to define the technological prospects applied to upper limb physical rehabilitation robotics.

关键词： Upper limb Rehabilitation Assistive robotics Human-machine interaction Robotic systems Virtual reality Rehabilitation monitoring

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Semi-analytical calculation model for friction of polymers on the example of POM|PE-UHMw and steel|PE-UHMw

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Friction 2024年第10期12卷 2355-2369页

作者： andré BERGMAnn Jens SUMPF niels DALLInGER Martin MOnEKE Markus GOLDER Professorship of Conveying Engineering and Materials Handling Chemnitz University of TechnologySachsen 09126Germany Institute of Plastics Engineering Darmstadt University of Applied SciencesDarmstadt 64295Germany

In this paper,a semi-analytical calculation model for the coefficient of friction(COF)of single spherical protrusions is *** allows the prediction of the deformative friction part(μ_(def))and adhesive friction part(μ_(def))of the friction pairings steel|polyethylene with ultra-high molecular weight(PE-UHMw)and polyoxymethylene(POM)|*** experimental studies included unlubricated friction tests,which served to determine the total COF(μ_(def)),as well as tests being lubricated with silicone oil,from whichμ_(def)is *** on the verification tests,it could be shown that both states of lubrication result in the same deformation and that the relationship between the rear angle(w)andμ_(def)postulated in the calculation model is ***,friction tests with segmented spheres were carried out,which allow a specific variation of *** can be concluded that for both pairings theμ_(def)is generally of minor significance(approx.1/3μ_(tot))and the influence of theμ_(adh)predominates(approx.2/3μ_(tot))the friction *** themtot decreases with increasing contact pressure especially in the low pressure range and depends on the form of motion(continuous and discontinuous).

关键词： tribology friction polymers model contact polyoxymethylene(POM) polyethylene with ultra-high molecular weight(PE-UHMw)

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nickel sulfate solution fluoride separation with hydrous zirconium oxide

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Tungsten 2024年第2期6卷 367-381页

作者： Elbert M.nigri Ummul K.Sultana andré L.A.Santos James w.Vaughan Sonia D.F.Rocha Department of Mining Engineering Federal University of Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte 31270-901Brazil School of Chemical Engineering University of QueenslandSt Lucia 4072Australia

Fluoride is an impurity in nickel sulfate production,which is required for electric vehicle *** zirconium oxide(HZO)was evaluated for removing fl uoride from nickel sulfate *** fluoride removal occurred at pH value 4 and optimal pH value is 4–5,considering Zr *** availability decreases with pH due to hydrogen fluoride and zirconium fluoride aqueous *** removal is initially rapid,with 50 wt.%removal in 7 min,followed by slow removal up to 68 wt.%after 72 h and follows second order rate *** removal was dominated by an ion exchange mechanism and resulting Zr–F bonds were observed using Fourier-transform infrared *** presence of nickel sulfate decreased loading capacity compared to a salt-free *** maintained adsorption capacity through five cycles of loading and regeneration.

关键词： Hydrous zirconium oxide nickel sulfate Fluoride Adsorption Anion exchange

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Grazing Pressure and Plant Functional Types in Puna Highlands,northwestern Argentina

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第5期93卷 1067-1080页

作者： Quiroga Mendiola Mariana Tálamo andrés IPAF nOA—InTA(national Institute for Agricultural Technology) Posta de HornillosJujuy4622Argentina Facultad de Ciencias naturales Universidad Nacional de SaltaSalta4400Argentina Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del nOA(IBIGEO) UNSa-CONICET.Laboratorio de Ecología Aplicada a la Conservación(LEAC)Facultad de Ciencias NaturalesUniversidad Nacional de SaltaSalta4400Argentina Maestría en Gestión Ambiental Escuela de NegociosUniversidad Católica de Salta(UCASAL)Salta4400Argentina

The Puna grasslands support grazing systems that produce meat and wool in multi-species herds,especially from llama(Lama glama)and ***,it is yet unknown whether grazing pressure can modify grassland structure and Plant Functional Types diversity and cover in Puna *** analyzed the relationship between grazing pressure and Plant Functional Types by comparing transects located near stockyards(high grazing pressure)and far from them(low pressure)and by evaluating the relationship between the Plant Functional Types cover to a Grazing Pressure Index(GPI).This index incorporates the heterogeneity of traditional pastoral *** two ecological sites(Ciénego and Tolar),we sampled paired transects(near-far).Plots near and far from corrals were similar in all the variables measured except for plots in Tolar,which tend to have higher total cover,possibly due to fecal fertilization near ***,we recorded an increase in total cover and grass cover at higher GPI in Ciénego,while in Tolar we found lower values of total cover and herbaceous dicotyledonous cover at intermediate intensities of *** only negative relationship found was the cover of clonal and non-clonal shrubs,possibly explained by the greater use of these shrubs as firewood near *** summary,our study does not show important changes in Plant Functional Types as a function of grazing pressure in the studied grasslands probably because grazing pressure is diluted or diminished when livestock rotates in different areas and grazing durations ***,the long grazing history with which the Puna has evolved could also contribute to the co-structuration between native vegetation and livestock farming.

关键词： natural grasslands Puna herbivory ecological perturbation

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