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Yield-height correlation and QTL localization for plant height in two lowland switchgrass populations

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2018年第1期5卷 118-128页

作者： Shiva O.MAKAJU Yanqi WU Michael P.anderson Vijaya G.KAKANI Michael W.smith Linglong LIU Hongxu dONG dan CHANG department of Plant and Soil Sciences Oklahoma State University department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture Oklahoma State University National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research CenterNanjing Agricultural University department of Crop Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign

Switchgrass(Panicum virgatum L.), as a model herbaceous crop species for bioenergy production,is targeted to improve biomass yield and feedstock *** height is a major component contributing to biomass yield. Accordingly, the objectives of this research were to analyze phenotypic variation for biomass and plant height and the association between them and to localize associated plant height QTLs. Two lowland switchgrass mapping populations, one selfed and another hybrid population established in the field at Perkins and Stillwater,Oklahoma, were deployed in the experiment for two years post establishment. Large genetic variation existed for plant biomass and height within the two populations. Plant height was positively correlated with biomass yield in the selfed population(r = 0.39, P d the hybrid population(r = 0.41, P d population,a joint analysis across all environments revealed 10 QTLs and separate analysis for each environment, collectively revealed 39 QTLs related to plant height. In the hybrid population, the joint analysis across overall environments revealed 35 QTLs and the separate analysis for each environment revealed 38 QTLs. The findings of this research contribute new information about the genetic control for plant height and will be useful for future plant breeding and genetic improvement programs in lowland switchgrass.

关键词： yield-height QTL localization lowland switchgrass

Finishing Cattle in All-Natural and Conventional Production Systems

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2020年第2期10卷 237-253页

作者： Zachary K. smith Peter T. anderson Bradley J. Johnson department of Animal Science South Dakota State University Brookings SD USA Midwest PMS LLC Firestone CO USA department of Animal and Food Sciences Texas Tech University Lubbock TX USA

Beef cattle producers in the North America have a variety of production and marketing options and must choose the best production system for their situation. This review describes considerations involved in choosing between feeding cattle conventionally versus feeding them in programs that prohibit the use of certain technologies. data from peer-reviewed journals, extension publications, nutritional consultants, governmental organizations, and feed companies were used to construct this review. Most cattle in North America are fed in conventional production systems. Conventional beef production systems typically use steroidal implants, ionophores, and beta-adrenergic agonists to improve animal productivity;as well as feed grade and injectable antimicrobials to control, treat or prevent disease and improve animal health. These technologies have been shown to lower the cost of production, allowing for beef to be competitive in the global protein market. Some consumers have expressed a preference for beef produced without these technologies. These “All-natural” (AN) cattle may bring a premium price in the market. The economic impact of differing productions systems can be described in relation to 1) cost of production, 2) operating costs of the feedlot, 3) price paid for feeder calves, and 4) price received for fed cattle. Conventional production provides the most favorable outcome for factors 1, 2, and 3, while AN production provides the most favorable outcome for item 4. There are also industry wide and societal aspects related to differing beef production systems related to health and safety of beef, land use, and cost of production allowing for a greater share of the global protein market. Technologies used in conventional production are critical tools to North American beef production. differences in efficiencies between each type of non-conventional production systems must be re-captured in added premiums when cattle are marketed and sold. Premiums for AN cattle a

关键词： All-Natural Beef Beta-Adrenergic Agonist Conventional Ionophore

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印尼村民井水的硝酸盐调查

AMBIO－人类环境杂志 2000年第8期29卷 525-527页

作者： Geoffrey d.smith Robbert Wetselaar James J. Fox deny Hidayati Herry Yogaswara 周立志

由于硝酸盐在消化道内转化为亚硝酸盐后可能会引起婴儿的正铁血红蛋白症[1]，并且还发现引发其它一些疾病[2]，世界卫生组织建议饮用水的硝酸盐含理不应高于50mg/L。在世界许多地方，地下水的污染是一个日趋严重的问题，多数情况下，这... 详细信息

由于硝酸盐在消化道内转化为亚硝酸盐后可能会引起婴儿的正铁血红蛋白症[1]，并且还发现引发其它一些疾病[2]，世界卫生组织建议饮用水的硝酸盐含理不应高于50mg/L。在世界许多地方，地下水的污染是一个日趋严重的问题，多数情况下，这个问题的根源在于集约农业过程中过量地使用氮肥[3]，不过，在某些酸环境下，如澳大利亚中部，自然条件下亦发生这种硝酸盐污染[4]。在卫生状况普遍落后的发展中国家硝酸盐对村落的危害最大，我们对爪哇和龙目多处井水的硝酸盐富集进行的广泛调查进行报道，结果表明，在人口密集的村落，数百万村民正饮用超过世界卫生组织指标的硝酸盐富集水，这种硝酸盐含量的升高多数是由于村民的不良卫生习惯引起的，他们把污水排入土壤，其中的氮硝化成为硝酸盐，并渗入地下水中。

关键词：印尼农村井水硝酸盐富集

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一种新型的高频半导体量子点单电子泵

物理学报 2008年第3期57卷 1878-1885页

作者：李玲 Kaestner B Blumenthal M d Giblin S Janssen T J B M Pepper M anderson d Jones G Ritchie d A 高洁四川大学物理科学与技术学院成都610064 四川师范大学物理学院与固体物理研究所成都610066 Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt 38100 BraunschweigGermany National Physical Laboratory Hampton RoadTeddington TWI 1 0LWUK Cavendish Laboratory University of CambridgeCambridge CB30HEUK

除了直流负电压外,还在浅法刻蚀出的GaAs/AlGaAs量子线上的两个金属指形门上分别叠加两个相位相差π的正弦信号,从而对形成量子点的两个势垒作不等幅调制.在无源漏偏压的情况下,通过周期形成的量子点实现了单电子的搬运.由于新的半导体... 详细信息

除了直流负电压外,还在浅法刻蚀出的GaAs/AlGaAs量子线上的两个金属指形门上分别叠加两个相位相差π的正弦信号,从而对形成量子点的两个势垒作不等幅调制.在无源漏偏压的情况下,通过周期形成的量子点实现了单电子的搬运.由于新的半导体量子点单电子泵不是依赖库仑阻塞效应通过隧穿进行单电子输运,因此,该器件就不会受到固定隧穿时间引起的低工作频率限制.在1.7K温度下,频率达到3GHz仍然可以观测到量子化电流平台,对应的电流值达到0.5nA量级.这种新器件提供了实现高速度、高精度搬运单电子的另一种可能途径.

关键词：单电子输运单电子旋转门单电子泵量子化电流平台

The concentration game: differential effects of bioactive signaling in 2d and3d culture

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第1期11卷 66-68页

作者： Laura A.smith Callahan The Vivian L.smith department of Neurosurgery & Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston

Traumatic injuries to the central nervous system,such as traumatic brain injury,spinal cord injury and stroke,have a high prevalence,enormous financial costs and lack clinical treatments that restore neurological function（Ma et al.,2014）These injuries trigger a series of secondary biochemical and cellular responses that ultimately lead to cellular death and themaintenance of an unsupportive extracellular matrix （ECM） for tissue regeneration （Silva et al., 2014）. Artificial ECM or scaf- folds represent a way to alter this unsupportive environment to improve the efficacy of stem cell therapies and enhance neural tissue regeneration （Figure 1）.

关键词： bioactive injuries restore biochemical neurological traumatic signaling scaffold ultimately likely

Real-Time Mesoscale Forecast Support during the CLAMS Field Campaign

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2007年第4期24卷 599-605页

作者：王东海 P. MINNIS T. P. CHARLOCK d. K. ZHOU F. G. ROSE W. L. smith W. L. smith Jr L. NGUYEN State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081 Center for Atmospheric Sciences Hampton University Hampton Virginia Langley Research Center National Aeronautics and Space Administration Hampton Virginia Analytical Services ＆ Materials Inc. Hampton Virginia

This paper reports the use of a specialized, mesoscale, numerical weather prediction （NWP） system and a satellite imaging and prediction system that were set up to support the CLAMS （Chesapeake Lighthouse and Aircraft Measurements for Satellites） field campaign during the summer of 2001. The primary objective of CLAMS was to validate satellite-based retrievals of aerosol properties and vertical profiles of the radiative flux, temperature and water vapor. Six research aircraft were deployed to make detailed coincident measurements of the atmosphere and ocean surface with the research satellites that orbited overhead. The mesoscale weather modeling system runs in real-time to provide high spatial and temporal resolution for forecasts that are delivered via the World Wide Web along with a variety of satellite imagery and satellite location predictions. This system is a multi-purpose modeling system capable of both data analysis/assimilation and multi-scale NWP ranging from cloud-scale to larger than regional scale. This is a three-dimensional, non-hydrostatic compressible model in a terrain-following coordinate. The model employs advanced numerical techniques and contains detailed interactive physical processes. The utility of the forecasting system is illustrated throughout the discussion on the impact of the surface-wind forecast on BRdF （Bidirectional Reflectance distribution Function） and the description of the cloud/moisture forecast versus the aircraft measurement.

关键词： CLAMS field campaign mesoscale numerical weather prediction forecast support

Multimodal label-free microscopy

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2014年第5期7卷 17-38页

作者： Nicolas Pavillon Katsumasa Fujita Nicholas Isaac smith Biophotonics LaboratoryImmunology Frontier Research Center(IFReC department of Applied Physics Osaka UniversitySuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan

This paper reviews the different multimodal applications based on a large ext ent of label-freeinaging modalities,ranging from linear to nonlinear optics,while also inchuding *** put specific emphasis on multimodal measurements going across the usual boundaries between imaging modalities,whereas most multimodal platforms combine techniquesbased on similar light interactions or similar hardware *** this review,we limitthe scope to focus on applications for biology such as live cells or tissues,since by their nat ure ofbeing alive or fragile,we are often not free to take liberties with the image acquisition times andare forced to gather the maximum amount of information possible at one *** such samples,imaging by a given label-free method usually presents a challenge in obt aining suficient opticalsignal or is limited in terms of the types of observable *** imaging is thenparticularly attractive for these samples in order to maximize the amount of measured *** multimodal imaging is always useful in the sense of acquiring additional infor-mation from additional modes,at times it is possible to attain information that could not bediscovered using any single mode alone,which is the essence of the progress that is possible usinga multimodal approach.

关键词： Optical microscopy nonlinear optics microspectroscopy

An HI intensity mapping survey with a Phased Array Feed

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2021年第2期21卷 41-51页

作者： Lin-Cheng Li Lister Staveley-smith Jonghwan Rhee National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research(ICRAR) The University of Western Australia35 Stirling HwyCrawleyWA6009Australia ARC Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics(CAASTRO) Perth6009Australia ARC Centre of Excellence for All Sky Astrophysics in 3 dimensions(ASTRO 3d) Perth6009Australia

We report results from a neutral hydrogen(H I)intensity mapping survey conducted with a Phased Array Feed(PAF)on the Parkes *** survey was designed to cover 380 deg^(2)over the redshift range 0.3ds covered by the Wiggle Z dark Energy *** results presented here target a narrow redshift range of 0.73dio frequency interference(RFI)was less *** data reduction and simulation pipeline was described,with an emphasis on flagging of RFI and correction for signal loss in the data reduction process,particularly due to the foreground subtraction methodology.A cross-correlation signal was detected between the H I intensity maps and the Wiggle Z redshift data,with a mean amplitude of=1.32±0.42 m K(statistical errors only).A future Parkes cryogenic PAF is expected to detect the cross-correlation signal with higher accuracy than previously possible and allow measurement of the cosmic H I density at redshifts up to unity.

关键词： cosmology observation-methods statistical-radio lines galaxy

Stop flow lithography synthesis of non-spherical metal oxide particles

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Particuology 2014年第3期12卷 91-97页

作者： david Baah Tobias donnell Julaunica Tigner Tamara Floyd.smith Materials Science & Engineering department Tuskegee UniversityTuskegeeAL 36088USA Chemical Engineering department Tuskegee UniversityTuskegeeAL 36088USA

Non-spherical micron and hand-sized particles and their composites have become essential in select application areas of optics, wear resistance, personnel protection, chemical mechanical polishing, and biomedicine. In this paper, the synthesis of composite and ceramic non-spherical particles using stop flow lithography is reported. Precursor suspensions of poly（ethylene glycol） diacrylate, 2-hydroxy- 2-methylpropiophenone and SiO2 or Al2O3 are prepared. The precursor suspension flows through a microfluidic device mounted on an upright microscope and is polymerized in an automated process. A photomask patterned with transparent geometric features, which define the cross-sectional shapes of the particles, masks the UV light to synthesize micron sized particles. Particles with axial dimensions ranging from 35 to 167μm were synthesized. Control of device channel depth and objective lens magnification enables the manipulation of the particle size. Composite particles in triangular, square, pentagonal, hexagonal, and circular cross sections were synthesized. Subsequently, the transformation of the composite particles into the corresponding metal oxide particles was achieved through polymer burn-offand sintering.

关键词： Microfluidics Stop flow lithography Electron microscopy