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鸟类的大脑:行为、生态与进化

鸟类的大脑:行为、生态与进化

An integrative insight into the synsacral canal of fossil and extant Antarctic penguins

第十二届全国鸟类学术研讨会暨第十届海峡两岸鸟类学术研讨会

作者： anders.pape mφller Laboratoire d’Ecologie Systmatique et EvolutionCNRS UMR 8079Universit Paris-Sud Btiment 362F-91405 Orsay CedexFrance

和人一样,鸟类在其一生中也要不断认知世界,做出各种不同的行为决定,它对其生存、繁殖成功等具有重要作用,并影响其适合度。鸟类的这种行为能力自然与其神经系统密切相关,而大脑在其中发挥着重要作用。研究表明,面临不同生态条件下的各... 详细信息

和人一样,鸟类在其一生中也要不断认知世界,做出各种不同的行为决定,它对其生存、繁殖成功等具有重要作用,并影响其适合度。鸟类的这种行为能力自然与其神经系统密切相关,而大脑在其中发挥着重要作用。研究表明,面临不同生态条件下的各种选择压力,鸟类的大脑容量存在巨大的种间差异。moller教授的报告将围绕鸟类大脑容量变化的主题,从种内和种间两个方面,说明其在生态学和进化上的重要意义。他的报告将涉及包括性选择、

关键词：大脑容量行为进化

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Integrative Zoology 2023年第2期18卷 237-253页

作者： Piotr JADWISZCZAK anders SVENSSON-mARCIAL Thomas mÖRS Faculty of Biology University of BialystokBialystokPoland Department of Clinical Science Intervention and Technology at Karolinska InstituteStockholmSweden Department of Palaeobiology Swedish Museum of Natural HistoryStockholmSweden

The lumbosacral-canal system in birds most likely operates as a sense organ involved in the control of balanced walking and perching,but our knowledge of it is superﬁ*** constitute interesting objects for the study of this system due to their upright walking,but only the Humboldt penguin,Spheniscus humboldti,and some incomplete fossil penguin synsacra have been studied in this ***,we give an integrative comparative in-sight into the synsacral canal of extant Emperor penguin,Aptenodytes forsteri,Adelie penguin,Pygoscelis adeliae,and Eocene giant Anthropornis and/or Palaeeudyptes Antarctic penguins,using computed tomography imaging and associated data-extraction methodologies,complemented by analytical approaches ranging from geometric morphometrics to modularity,curvature,and wavelet *** document that the variability in the number of synsacro-lumbar vertebrae is evolutionarily conserved,and all studied synsacra possess osteological correlates of the lumbosacral-canal *** also found that Eocene and extant Antarctic penguins were separable on the basis of the main direction of the shape-related(size-independent)variability within said system,and *** was unique in the entire studied set in terms of the relative cranial shift of this compound ***,we suggest that the evolutionary processes,shaping both the terrestrial posture and gait,were responsible,in extant penguins,for the increased simplicity and stability of the synsacral canal cross-sectional periodic patterns,as well as pave the way for the lumbosacral-canal system modularity characterized by reduced atomization/complexity.

关键词： Antarctica Cenozoic lumbosacral canals Sphenisciformes synsacrum

Recapture probability, flight morphology, and microorganisms

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Current Zoology 2021年第3期67卷 359-359页

作者： Zaid Al Rubaiee Haider Al-murayati anders.pape mФller 不详

doi:https://***/10.1093/cz/zox032 Advance Access Publication date:15 may 2017 The accepted manuscript of the above article was published twice in *** correct DOI for this paper is https://***/10.1093/cz/*** publisher ... 详细信息

关键词： DOI mistake Publication

黑色素羽毛装饰反映了鸟类的抗氧化和免疫能力吗?(英文)

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动物学报 2006年第1期52卷 202-208页

作者： Juan mORENO anders P. mФller Departamento de Ecologia Evolutiva Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC J. Gutiérrez Abascal 2 E-28006 Madrid Spain Laboratoire de Parasitologie Evolutive CNRS UmR 7103 Université Pierre et Marie Curie Btiment A 7ème étage 7 quai St. Bernard Case 237 FR-75252 Paris Cedex 05 France

鸟类信号系统研究认为,不同于类胡萝卜素,基于黑色素的羽色装饰不需要昂贵的生理代价。然而,羽毛色素细胞的黑色素沉积与抗氧化能力和免疫系统有很强的联系,而抗氧化能力和免疫系统在提高有机体适合度方面具有重要的功能。黑色素细胞的... 详细信息

鸟类信号系统研究认为,不同于类胡萝卜素,基于黑色素的羽色装饰不需要昂贵的生理代价。然而,羽毛色素细胞的黑色素沉积与抗氧化能力和免疫系统有很强的联系,而抗氧化能力和免疫系统在提高有机体适合度方面具有重要的功能。黑色素细胞的生长对氧化环境压力十分敏感;并且,黑色素本身似乎就具有抗氧化剂的功能。相应地,把抗氧化剂用于以黑色素为基础羽色发育,还是用于其它方面例如免疫调节和免疫刺激等,个体也许必须对此做出权衡。组织中的抗氧化功能大多与代谢活动有关,也就是和自由基的最高水平有关。此外,人们发现,在哺乳动物中调节黑色素沉积的激素,即α黑素细胞刺激素,在鸟类上皮组织的色素沉积中也具有同样的功能。这种进化保守的激素是免疫和炎症反应的一个重要介体。它下调前炎性细胞因子、免疫介导细胞因子和协同刺激分子,以及主要组织相容性复合体Ⅰ类分子在单核细胞的表达以及抗体的产生,而上调抑制因子白介素。黑色素在羽毛上的大量沉积,也可能反映出免疫系统在局部免疫应答的负调控能力。这些将黑色素沉积和抗氧化剂以及免疫功能联系起来的机制,表明基于黑色素的羽色信号具有一定的生理代价。

关键词：黑色素羽毛装饰鸟类免疫应答抗氧化剂免疫能力

Assessing the sensitivity of melanoplus frigidus （Orthoptera： Acrididae） to different weather conditions＂ A modeling approach focussing on development times

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Insect Science 2008年第2期15卷 167-178页

作者： Oliver-D. Finch Jorg Loffler Roland pape Carl-von-Ossietzky University of Oldenburg Fk V Institute of Biology and Environmental-Sciences Terrestrial Ecology D-26111 Oldenburg University of Bonn Department of Geography Meckenheimer AIlee 166 D-53115 Bonn Germany

The temperature and soil moisture conditions as well as vegetation patterns were studied to describe the habitat and to model the life cycle of melanoplusfrigidus, a true alpine grasshopper of the Scandes. In the low alpine belt of the Norwegian Scandes the species colonizes only the warmest microhabitats with maximum soil surface temperatures of 31℃. Vegetation of these habitats consists of shrub-rich heath dominated by Vaccinium myrtillus and Calluna vulgaris. Using continuously measured temperature data, the development times for four different seasons were modeled and related to field observations. The maximum delay of adult molt was estimated to amount to 3 weeks, the delay being determined by the variation in spring temperature conditions between different years. The possibilities of using m. frigidus as an indicator organism of climate change effects on alpine zoo-coenoses of the Scandes are discussed.

关键词： alpine insects climate change indicator life history thermal effective environment

Why are sexually selected weapons almost absent in females？

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Current Zoology 2013年第4期59卷 564-568页

作者： anders BERGLUND Department of Ecology and Genetics/Animal Ecology Uppsala University Norbyv. 18d 752 36 Uppsala Sweden

In sex role reversed species, predominantly females evolve sexually selected traits, such as ornaments and/or weapons. Female ornaments are common and their function well documented in many species, whether sex role reversed or not. However, sexually selected female weapons seem totally absent except for small wing spurs in three jacana species, present in both males and females. This poor female weaponry is in sharp contrast to the situation in species with conventional sex roles： males com- monly have evolved sexually selected weapons as well as ornaments. At the same time, females in many taxa have naturally se- lected weapons, used in competition over resources or in predator defence. Why are sexually selected weapons then so rare, al- most absent, in females？ Here I briefly review weaponry in females and the function of these weapons, conclude that the near ab- sence of sexually selected weapons begs an explanation, and suggest that costs of sexually selected weapons may exceed costs of ornaments. Females are more constrained when evolving sexually selected traits compared to males, at least compared to those males that do not provide direct benefits, as trait costs reduce a female＇s fecundity. I suggest that this constraining trade-off between trait and fecundity restricts females to evolve ornaments but rarely weapons. The same may apply to paternally investing males. Whether sexually selected weapons actually are more costly than sexually selected ornaments remains to be investigated

关键词： Sexual selection Female weapons Female ornaments Sex role reversal

Species richness estimations of the megadiverse scuttle fly genus megaselia （Diptera： Phoridae） in a wildfire-affected hemiboreal forest

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Insect Science 2011年第3期18卷 325-348页

作者： James Bonet Sven-Olof Ulefors Bert Viklund Thomas pape Department of Zoology Stockholm University Stockholm Fargerivagen 9 Alsterbro Sweden Natural History museum of Denmark Copenhagen Denmark Swedish museum of Natural History Stockholm Sweden

The species richness of the scuttle fly （Diptera： Phoridae） genus megaselia was estimated by various non-parametric estimators from EstimateS, Species Prediction And Diversity Estimation （SPADE） and Ws2m, based on material from a Swedish hemiboreal forest area recently affected by major wildfires, Yyresta National Park and Nature Reserve （TNPNR）, south of Stockholm. A total of 21 249 individuals were collected in malaise traps, of which males constituted 16 976 and females 4 273. The analysed dataset represents 37 samples containing 18 549 specimens sorted into 330 species （184 described, 146 are either undescribed or of unsettled taxonomic status）. It was not possible to estimate the total species richness using all samples due to heterogeneity caused by inclusion of different communities and temporal incoherencies between samples within and between years. Even with material obtained from a sampling program that was not designed for species richness estimates, it was possible to obtain reliable results when sample heterogeneity was minimized. By dividing the data into community-specific datasets - for bog, forest and wildfire - it was possible to obtain asymptotic curves for the smaller of the two wildfire datasets. A total estimate of 357~439 （95% CI） was attained by using the smaller wildfire dataset and adding the 85 unique species from the samples not included in the estimation analysis. TNPNR has one of the richest known scuttle fly communities in Europe, consisting of almost 50% of the currently named megaselia species; 48 of these species are reported as new records for Sweden in this study.

关键词： hemiboreal forest morphospecies sample heterogeneity scuttle flies species richness estimations

Causes of interspecific variation in susceptibility to cat predation on birds

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Chinese Birds 2010年第2期1卷 97-111页

作者： anders.pape mφller Johannes ERRITZφE Jan Tφttrup NIELSEN Laboratoire d’Ecologie Systématique et EvolutionCNRS UMR 8079UniversitéParis-SudBtiment 362F-91405 Orsay CedexFrance Center for Advanced Study Drammensveien 78NO-0271 OsloNorway Taps Old Rectory DK-6070 ChristiansfeldDenmark Espedal 4 TolneDK-9870 SindalDenmark

Generalist mammalian predators hunt for prey in different ways than raptors,often relying on ambush *** differences in predator behavior can have profound effects on susceptibility of different species of prey to predation,but can also modify the behavior of *** investigated susceptibility of common birds to predation by domestic cats Felis catus,relying on an extensive data set on prey abundance and prey availability as determined by standardized bird *** to cat predation for different species of birds was not significantly correlated with susceptibility to predation by sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus,but with susceptibility to goshawk Accipiter gentilis predation. Susceptibility to goshawk predation was independently predicted by susceptibility to cat and sparrowhawk *** cross-validated our estimate of susceptibilityto cat predation by showing that the frequency of birds with tail loss increased strongly with sus-ceptibility to cat *** birds were disproportionately preyed upon,especially if havingsong posts low in the vegetation,and if having short flight distances when *** breeding species were less susceptible to predation than solitary *** species with high levels of innate immune defense against bacterial infections had high susceptibility to cat *** findings suggest that predation by cats has been an important selection pressure affecting anti-predation behavior,sexual display and immune function in common birds.

关键词： agglutination coloniality Felis catus prey preference song post tail loss

Organizational Changes Needed in Disasters and Public Health Emergencies:A Qualitative Study among managers at a major Hospital

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2022年第4期13卷 481-494页

作者： Ingela Wennman Catharina Jacobson Eric Carlström anders Hyltander Amir Khorram‑manesh Institute of Health and Care Sciences Sahlgrenska AcademyGothenburg University41346GothenburgSweden Preparedness Unit Sahlgrenska University Hospital41305 GothenburgSweden Institute of Clinical Sciences Department of SurgerySahlgrenska AcademyGothenburg University41345GothenburgSweden

most hospitals have a contingency plan,based on all-risks and all-hazards assessment ***,emerging threats and risks often necessitate a flexible approach to emergency management at several levels of a disaster response system,for example,in ***,and possibly other countries,has limited possibilities of surge capacity in the management of large-scale disasters and emergencies,which necessitates a local/national partnership and a flexible local disaster and contingency *** study evaluates the opinions of a selected managerial group,both at operative and strategic levels,regarding possible changes in a major hospital's contingency plan during the ongoing COVID-19 *** interviews were conducted to explore the elements of surge capacity and an operational tool,consisting of command and control,safety,communication,assessment,triage,treatment,and *** results show a need to create feasible management methods that can be evaluated,establish clear leadership,put preparedness as a constant point on the highest managerial agenda,improve external monitoring,and create a regional coordinating ***,the results emphasize the significant role played by the incident command system and qualified leadership to facilitate competent and crucial medical decision making,as well as to provide reliable communication,collaboration,and coordination in a multi-agency response system during dynamic and unexpected *** steps enable a constant connection between reactive contingency plans and the proactivity in continuous risk assessment and enhance the flexibility of the contingency plans.

关键词： Disaster risks Organizational changes Public health emergencies Sweden