An integrative insight into the synsacral canal of fossil and extant Antarctic penguins
作者机构：Faculty of BiologyUniversity of BialystokBialystokPoland Department of Clinical ScienceIntervention and Technology at Karolinska InstituteStockholmSweden Department of PalaeobiologySwedish Museum of Natural HistoryStockholmSweden
出 版 物：《Integrative Zoology》 (整合动物学（英文版）)
年 卷 期：2023年第18卷第2期
页 面：237-253页
核心收录：
学科分类：07[理学] 0701[理学-数学] 070101[理学-基础数学]
基 金：Argentinean Air Force Argentinean Antarctic Institute IAA-DNA Jonas Hagström SPFS Polarforskningssekretariatet Cradle Coast NRM, NRM
主 题：Antarctica Cenozoic lumbosacral canals Sphenisciformes synsacrum
摘 要：The lumbosacral-canal system in birds most likely operates as a sense organ involved in the control of balanced walking and perching,but our knowledge of it is superfi*** constitute interesting objects for the study of this system due to their upright walking,but only the Humboldt penguin,Spheniscus humboldti,and some incomplete fossil penguin synsacra have been studied in this ***,we give an integrative comparative in-sight into the synsacral canal of extant Emperor penguin,Aptenodytes forsteri,Adelie penguin,Pygoscelis adeliae,and Eocene giant Anthropornis and/or Palaeeudyptes Antarctic penguins,using computed tomography imaging and associated data-extraction methodologies,complemented by analytical approaches ranging from geometric morphometrics to modularity,curvature,and wavelet *** document that the variability in the number of synsacro-lumbar vertebrae is evolutionarily conserved,and all studied synsacra possess osteological correlates of the lumbosacral-canal *** also found that Eocene and extant Antarctic penguins were separable on the basis of the main direction of the shape-related(size-independent)variability within said system,and *** was unique in the entire studied set in terms of the relative cranial shift of this compound ***,we suggest that the evolutionary processes,shaping both the terrestrial posture and gait,were responsible,in extant penguins,for the increased simplicity and stability of the synsacral canal cross-sectional periodic patterns,as well as pave the way for the lumbosacral-canal system modularity characterized by reduced atomization/complexity.
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