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The allometry of number of feathers in birds changes seasonally

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Chinese Birds 2015年第1期6卷 1-5页

作者： anders pape mller Laboratoire d’Ecologie Systématique et Evolution CNRS UMR 8079Université Paris-Sud

Background: Feathers are a defining feature of birds with multiple functions such as flight, insulation, protection against predation and signaling. Feathers are lost during the annual molt while the rate of such loss at other times of the year and its fitness consequences remain poorly ***: I used information on the number and the mass of feathers for 160 individuals belonging to 85 species of birds in general linear mixed models to analyze allometry of feathers and to investigate possible factors explaining variation in the number of feathers. A phylogenetic effect was assessed by quantifying the random effect of ***: The total mass of feathers increased isometrically with body mass, while the total number of feathers and the mean mass of feathers showed negative allometry. Negative allometry implied that small-sized species had relatively many small feathers. There was a negative association between the number of feathers and migration distance. The total number of feathers initially increased during fall and winter, consistent with individuals growing more feathers later during the year or with individuals with fewer feathers selectively disappearing from the population. In contrast, the number of feathers decreased from winter through spring and ***: These findings suggest that thermoregulation has affected the evolution of the number and the size of feathers, there is selection against feather loss, and that the number of feathers varies across seasons.

关键词： Feather loss molt Number of feathers Predation Thermoregulation

Niche segregation, competition, and urbanization

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Current Zoology 2018年第2期64卷 145-152页

作者： anders pape mфller mario DiAz Ecologie Systematique Evolution CNRS Universite Paris-Sud AgroParisTech Universite Pari-Saclay OrsayCedex F-91400 France Department of Biogeography and Global Change (BGC-mNCN-CSIC) NationalMuseum of Natural Sciences CSIC c/Serrano 155bis Madrid E-28006 Spain

Urbanization of species is an ongoing process where successful urban colonizers usually obtain large fitness benefits. mechanisms proposed to explain associations between urbanization and lifehistory traits are based on behavioral flexibility in food and habitat use and reduced fear responses. We test the novel hypothesis that interspecific competition for proximity to humans is driving ur- banization. We recorded the distance during the breeding season to human habitation for 50 pairs of closely related bird species, where one was closely associated with humans while the other species was not. The degree of urbanization was larger as was range size and abundance in the species more closely associated to humans. Flight initiation distance was shorter, and species closely associated with humans were more abundant in ancestral rural habitats. Likewise, species more closely associated with humans reproduced earlier and during longer periods. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that urbanization is promoted by interspecific competition. Resulting isolation by urban habitat may further facilitate contemporary adaptation to urban environments.

关键词： birds distance to human habitation isolation by habitat isolation by time mechanisms.

Snake-like calls in breeding tits

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Current Zoology 2021年第5期67卷 473-479页

作者： anders pape møller Diego GIL Wei LIANG Ecologie Systematique Evolution Universite Paris-SudCNRSAgroParisTechUniversite Paris-SaclayOrsay CedexF-91405France ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China Departamento de Ecologia Evolutiva Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales(CSIC)MadridE-28006Spain and ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands College of Life SciencesHainan Normal UniversityHaikou571158China

Hole-nesting tits belonging to the family Paridae produce a hissing display that resembles the exhalatory hiss of a *** a predatory animal enters the nest hole of a tit,tits often hiss vigorously,while lunging their head forward and shaking their wings and tail,until the intruder *** assessed the acoustic similarity between such hiss calls from 6 species of tits,snake hisses,and tit syllables used in alarm vocalizations,as well as white noise as a *** hiss calls showed a high degree of similarity with snake hisses from 3 different snake *** hisses had lower similarity to syllable alarm calls,suggesting convergence of tit hisses in their spectral *** calls would only be effective in protecting nest boxes if nest predators responded to these *** order to test this hypothesis,we trained individual Swinhoe’s striped squirrels,Tamiops swinhoei hainanus,a common predator of egg and nestling tits,to feed at feeders in proximity to nest *** compared the aversive response of squirrels to tit’s hiss calls and white noise,presented in random *** showed a higher degree of avoidance of feeders when hiss calls were played back than when white noise was *** conclusion,our study suggests that hole-nesting birds have evolved convergent snake-like hiss calls,and that predators avoid to prey on the contents of nest boxes from which snake-like hisses emerge.

关键词： frequency-dependent selection hiss call mimicry squirrels tits

Personality of hosts and their brood parasites

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Current Zoology 2021年第6期67卷 625-630页

作者： anders pape møller Xingfeng SI Laboratoire d’Ecologie Systématique et EvolutionCNRS UMR 8079Université-SaclayBátiment 362Orsay Cedex F-91405France ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station School of Ecological and Environmental SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China

Brood parasites such as the common cuckoo Cuculus canorus exploit the parental abilities of their hosts,hosts avoid brood parasitism and predation by showing specific behavior such as loss of feathers,emission of fear screams and contact calls,displaying wriggle behavior to avoid hosts or potential prey,pecking at hosts and prey,and expressing tonic immobility(showing behavior like feigning death or rapid escape from predators and brood parasites).These aspects of escape behavior are consistent for individuals but also among sites,seasons,and *** behavior expressed in response to a broad range of cuckoo hosts and prey are consistently used against capture by humans,but also hosts and brood parasites and predators and their *** interspecific comparative phylogenetic analysis of escape behavior by hosts and their brood parasites and prey and their predators revealed evidence of consistent behavior when encountering potential parasites or *** hypothesize that personality axes such as those ranging from fearfulness to being bold,and from neophobic to curiosity response in brood parasites constitute important components of defense against brood parasitism that reduces the overall risk of parasitism.

关键词： common cuckoo competition Cuculus canorus escape behavior host and parasite behavior inter-specific competition intra-specific competition niche partitioning tonic immobility

Light matters:Nest illumination alters egg rejection behavior in a cavity-nesting bird

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Avian Research 2022年第1期13卷 64-67页

作者： Canchao Yang anders pape møller Wei Liang ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan ProvinceCollege of Life SciencesHainan Normal UniversityHaikou571158China Ecologie Systématique Evolution UniversitéParis-SudCNRSAgroParisTechUniversitéParis-SaclayF-91405Orsay CedexFrance

Egg discrimination by cavity-nesting birds that build nests under dim light conditions was presumed to depend on nest luminance,although this hypothesis has rarely been *** of egg discrimination ability by cavity-nesting tits under dim light conditions may reveal the selection pressure from brood parasitism that they encounter under natural *** manipulated the intensity of luminance of nests of the Green-backed Tit(Parus monticolus),a potential cuckoo host that possesses a strong discrimination ability of non-mimetic foreign *** performed experiments to test their egg discrimination ability under different light *** results showed that Green-backed Tits discriminate against non-mimetic foreign eggs under normal light conditions in nest boxes,and this ability persisted at nest luminance as low as 4.78±1.31 lux that is several times lower than normal luminance(38.11±24.02 lux).However,egg discrimination by Green-backed Tits disappeared when nest luminance was reduced to a minimum of 0.35±0.15 *** latter value represents total darkness for *** present study shows that nest luminance plays a key role in egg discrimination by Green-backed Tits that build nests under dim light *** study provides strong experimental evidence for nest illumination altering egg rejection behavior in cavity-nesting birds.

关键词： Brood parasitism Cryptic egg Egg rejection Luminance manipulation Nest light condition

Recapture probability, flight morphology, and microorganisms

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Current Zoology 2018年第3期64卷 277-283页

作者： Zaid AL RUBAIEE Haider AL-mURAYATI anders pape mфller Ecologie Systematique Evolution Universite Paris-Sud CNRS AgroParisTech Universite Paris-Saclay F-91405 Orsay Cedex France

microorganisms on and within organisms are ubiquitous and interactions with their hosts range from mutualistic over commensal, to pathogenic. We hypothesized that microorganisms might affect the ability of barn swallows Hirundo rustica to escape from potential predators, with positive associations between the abundance of microorganisms and escape ability implying mutualistic effects, while negative associations would imply antagonistic effects. We quantified escape behavior as the ability to avoid capture in a mist net and hence as a small number of recaptures. Because recapture probability may also depend on timing of reproduction and reproductive success, we also tested whether the association between recapture and microorganisms was mediated by an association between recapture and life history. We found intermediate to strong positive relationships between recapture probability and abundance of Bacillus megaterium, but not abundance of other bacteria or fungi. The abundance of B. megaterium was associated with an advance in laying date and an increase in reproductive success. However, these effects were independent of the number of recaptures. This interpretation is supported by the fact that there was no direct correlation between laying date and reproductive success on one hand and the number of recaptures on the other. These findings have implications not only for predator-prey interactions, but also for capture-mark-recapture analyses of vital rates such as survival and dispersal.

关键词： bacteria barn swallow capture-mark-recapture analyses fungi Hirundo rustica microbiome.

Behavioral snake mimicry in breeding tits

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Current Zoology 2021年第1期67卷 27-33页

作者： anders pape mфller Einar FLENSTED-JENSEN Wei LIANG Laboratoire d'Ecologie Systématique et EvolutionCNRS UMR 8079Université-Paris-SudSaclayBâtiment 362F-91405Orsay CedexFrance Cypresvej 1 BranderslevDK-9700Denmark ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands College of Life SciencesHainan Normal UniversityHaikou571158China

many animals mimic the behavior or the appearance of venomous *** humans or other potential predators place their hand near the nest of tits belonging to the family Paridae(and a few other species),the incubating female performs a hissing display that mimics the inhalation hiss of a viper or another *** hiss vigorously while lunging their head forward and shaking their wings and tail,repeating this behavior several *** structure of the hiss in tits is similar to that of the inhalation hiss of a snake,providing evidence of significant convergence of the mimic toward the *** behavior of individual females is repeatable among tri *** that flew away from their nest box only performed the hissing display on 6%of later trials,when present at their box,whereas individuals that did not fly away hissed on 28% of occasions,consistent with great tits Parus major either cautiously flying away or staying put on their nest while actively defending *** that flew away produced fewer chicks than individuals that stayed and *** hissing display was more common when snakes were more abundant:1)When breeding late during the season;2)when breeding at sites with more snakes;and 3)when breeding in subtropical and tropical China with a higher abundance of snakes than in Denmark with a lower *** frequency of nest predation was higher in sites with no snakes,and the frequency of predation increased with decreasing frequency of hissing *** findings are consistent with expectations for frequency-dependent selection acting on snake mimicry.

关键词： Batesian mimicry frequency-dependent selection hissing display personaliy tits

Extra-pair paternity and antiparasitic defence

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Avian Research 2020年第4期11卷 391-397页

作者： anders pape møller Jørgen Skavdal Søraker Juan JoséSoler ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Ecologie Systématique et Evolution UniversitéParis-SaclayCNRSAgroParisTech91405 OrsayFrance Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics Department of BiologyNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyHøgskoleringen 5No-7491TrondheimNorway Depto.Ecología Funcional y Evolutiva Estación Experimental de ZonasÁridasCtra.Sacramento S/NLa Cañada de San Urbano04120 AlmeríaSpain

Background:Extra-pair paternity(EPP)in birds provides benefits in terms of more offspring,and characteristics for maintenance of this behaviour have been the subject of *** are known to be transmitted during mating,especially when mating with multiple partners,and factors reducing this cost of multiple mating are ***,plumage brightness and colour intensity have been shown to be important traits to benefits from multiple mating as predicted by sexual *** aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the rate of extra-pair paternity and the relative size of the uropygial gland at the interspecific level,as the uropygial gland is an exocrine gland hypothesized to produce antiparasitic substances and further identified to affect plumage *** of the expected benefits of large uropygial gland in scenarios of sexual selection,we predicted a positive correlation with ***:We collected information from the literature of uropygial gland size and frequency of extra-pair paternity of 60 avian species of different families and explored the predicted positive correlation between *** did so with means of comparative analyses that considered phylogenetic relationship as random factor and included body mass as *** used markov chain monte Carlo generalized linear mixed models that were weighted by number of nests used to estimate extra-pair ***:We detected a positive relationship between level of extra-pair paternity and uropygial gland size at an interspecific *** finding is consistent with the ***:We discuss the importance of this result in scenarios of sexual selection and argue that the detected relationship may have arisen by utilizing antiparasitic secretions through secondary sexual characters indicating parasite resistance.

关键词： Antiparasitic defence Costs of extra-pair paternity microorganisms Uropygial gland Uropygial secretions

Egg polymorphism and highly sensitive egg recognition ofcross-phenotypes in rufescent prinias Prinia rufescens as effectivedefenses against brood parasitism

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Integrative Zoology 2021年第2期16卷 280-285页

作者： Canchao YANG Longwu WANG anders pape mØller Wei LIANG ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands College of Life SciencesHainan Normal UniversityHaikouChina State Forestry Administration of China Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Conservation in mountainous Areas of Southwest Karst School of Life SciencesGuizhou Normal UniversityGuiyangChina Ecologie Systématique Evolution UniversitéParis-SudCNRSAgroParisTechUniversitéParis-SaclayOrsay CedexFrance

INTRODUCTION Biological polymorphism is a striking phenomenon in nature where more than one morph of a trait has evolved within a single population(Galeotti et al.2003;Kilner 2006).Polymorphism can evolve and be maintained because each morph possesses fitness that reduces the frequency of one morph increasing the fitness of other morphs,and causes the evolution of all morphs by frequency-dependent selection(majerus 1998;Cook et al.1999).

关键词： al. maintained striking