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Genetic variation in birds in relation to predation risk by hawks： A comparative analysis

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Current Zoology 2015年第1期61卷 1-9页

作者： anders P. MOLLER Jan T. NIELSEN Laboratoire d'Ecologie Systematique et Evolution CNRS UMR 8079 Universite Paris-Sud Batiment 362 F-91405 Orsay Cedex France Espedal 4 Tolne DK-9870 Sindal Denmark

The level of genetic variation among individuals may affect performance by reducing the ability of prey to detect and escape from predators if lack of genetic variation reduces flight ability directly or indirectly through reduced parasite resistance. We investigated vulnerability of common avian prey species to predation by the sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus and the goshawk A. gentilis in relation to an index of genetic similarity among adults of potential prey species. We estimated a prey vulnerability in- dex that reflects the abundance of prey relative to the expected abundance according to local population density, and related this index to band sharing coefficients based on analyses of minisatellites for adults in local breeding populations. The prey vulnera- bility index was positively correlated with the band sharing coefficient in both predators, even when controlling for potentially confounding variables. These findings indicate that prey species with high band sharing coefficients, and hence low levels of genetic variation, are more readily caught by avian predators. Therefore, predation may constitute a major cost of low levels of genetic variation in extant populations of prey [Current Zoology 61（1）： 1-9, 2015].

关键词： Band sharing Birds Minisatellites Predation risk

Photo-Induced Water Oxidation Based on a Mononuclear Cobalt(II)Complex

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2014年第6期32卷 467-473页

作者： Hongyan Wang Yongbin Lu Edgar Mijangos anders Thapper Key Laboratory for Mechanical and Environmental Behavior of Tubular Goods Tubular Goods Research Institute of CNPCXi'anShaannxi 710065China Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory Uppsala UniversityUppsala 75120Sweden Research Institute of Yanchang Petroleum(Group)CO.LTD Xi'anShaanxi 710075China

Photo-induced water oxidation based on first row transition metal complexes has drawn much attention recently as a part of the efforts to design systems for solar fuel ***,the classic tetradentate ligand TPA(tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine)is used together with cobalt(II)in CH_(3)CN to form a mononuclear cobalt complex[Co(TPA)Cl]*** crystal X-ray diffraction shows that[Co(TPA)Cl]Cl is composed of discrete cationic units with a penta-coordinate cobalt center,along with chloride counter *** borate buffer,the Co complex acts as a water oxidation catalyst,as shown by the presence of a catalytic wave in *** visible light irra-diation,in the presence of photosensitizer and electron acceptor,the Co complex catalyzes O2 evolution with a turnover frequency(TOF)of 1.0 mol(O_(2))·mol(Co)^(-1)·s^(-1)and a turnover number(TON)of 55 mol(O_(2))·mol(Co)^(-1)in pH 8 borate buffer.

关键词： water splitting photosynthesis cobalt ligand design electron transfer

Snake-like calls in breeding tits

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Current Zoology 2021年第5期67卷 473-479页

作者： anders Pape MøLLER Diego GIL Wei LIANG Ecologie Systematique Evolution Universite Paris-SudCNRSAgroParisTechUniversite Paris-SaclayOrsay CedexF-91405France Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China Departamento de Ecologia Evolutiva Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales(CSIC)MadridE-28006Spain and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands College of Life SciencesHainan Normal UniversityHaikou571158China

Hole-nesting tits belonging to the family Paridae produce a hissing display that resembles the exhalatory hiss of a *** a predatory animal enters the nest hole of a tit,tits often hiss vigorously,while lunging their head forward and shaking their wings and tail,until the intruder *** assessed the acoustic similarity between such hiss calls from 6 species of tits,snake hisses,and tit syllables used in alarm vocalizations,as well as white noise as a *** hiss calls showed a high degree of similarity with snake hisses from 3 different snake *** hisses had lower similarity to syllable alarm calls,suggesting convergence of tit hisses in their spectral *** calls would only be effective in protecting nest boxes if nest predators responded to these *** order to test this hypothesis,we trained individual Swinhoe’s striped squirrels,Tamiops swinhoei hainanus,a common predator of egg and nestling tits,to feed at feeders in proximity to nest *** compared the aversive response of squirrels to tit’s hiss calls and white noise,presented in random *** showed a higher degree of avoidance of feeders when hiss calls were played back than when white noise was *** conclusion,our study suggests that hole-nesting birds have evolved convergent snake-like hiss calls,and that predators avoid to prey on the contents of nest boxes from which snake-like hisses emerge.

关键词： frequency-dependent selection hiss call mimicry squirrels tits

An integrative insight into the synsacral canal of fossil and extant Antarctic penguins

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Integrative Zoology 2023年第2期18卷 237-253页

作者： Piotr JADWISZCZAK anders SVENSSON-MARCIAL Thomas MÖRS Faculty of Biology University of BialystokBialystokPoland Department of Clinical Science Intervention and Technology at Karolinska InstituteStockholmSweden Department of Palaeobiology Swedish Museum of Natural HistoryStockholmSweden

The lumbosacral-canal system in birds most likely operates as a sense organ involved in the control of balanced walking and perching,but our knowledge of it is superﬁ*** constitute interesting objects for the study of this system due to their upright walking,but only the Humboldt penguin,Spheniscus humboldti,and some incomplete fossil penguin synsacra have been studied in this ***,we give an integrative comparative in-sight into the synsacral canal of extant Emperor penguin,Aptenodytes forsteri,Adelie penguin,Pygoscelis adeliae,and Eocene giant Anthropornis and/or Palaeeudyptes Antarctic penguins,using computed tomography imaging and associated data-extraction methodologies,complemented by analytical approaches ranging from geometric morphometrics to modularity,curvature,and wavelet *** document that the variability in the number of synsacro-lumbar vertebrae is evolutionarily conserved,and all studied synsacra possess osteological correlates of the lumbosacral-canal *** also found that Eocene and extant Antarctic penguins were separable on the basis of the main direction of the shape-related(size-independent)variability within said system,and *** was unique in the entire studied set in terms of the relative cranial shift of this compound ***,we suggest that the evolutionary processes,shaping both the terrestrial posture and gait,were responsible,in extant penguins,for the increased simplicity and stability of the synsacral canal cross-sectional periodic patterns,as well as pave the way for the lumbosacral-canal system modularity characterized by reduced atomization/complexity.

关键词： Antarctica Cenozoic lumbosacral canals Sphenisciformes synsacrum

Light matters:Nest illumination alters egg rejection behavior in a cavity-nesting bird

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Avian Research 2022年第1期13卷 64-67页

作者： Canchao Yang anders Pape Møller Wei Liang Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan ProvinceCollege of Life SciencesHainan Normal UniversityHaikou571158China Ecologie Systématique Evolution UniversitéParis-SudCNRSAgroParisTechUniversitéParis-SaclayF-91405Orsay CedexFrance

Egg discrimination by cavity-nesting birds that build nests under dim light conditions was presumed to depend on nest luminance,although this hypothesis has rarely been *** of egg discrimination ability by cavity-nesting tits under dim light conditions may reveal the selection pressure from brood parasitism that they encounter under natural *** manipulated the intensity of luminance of nests of the Green-backed Tit(Parus monticolus),a potential cuckoo host that possesses a strong discrimination ability of non-mimetic foreign *** performed experiments to test their egg discrimination ability under different light *** results showed that Green-backed Tits discriminate against non-mimetic foreign eggs under normal light conditions in nest boxes,and this ability persisted at nest luminance as low as 4.78±1.31 lux that is several times lower than normal luminance(38.11±24.02 lux).However,egg discrimination by Green-backed Tits disappeared when nest luminance was reduced to a minimum of 0.35±0.15 *** latter value represents total darkness for *** present study shows that nest luminance plays a key role in egg discrimination by Green-backed Tits that build nests under dim light *** study provides strong experimental evidence for nest illumination altering egg rejection behavior in cavity-nesting birds.

关键词： Brood parasitism Cryptic egg Egg rejection Luminance manipulation Nest light condition

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50 years of scanning electron microscopy of bone——a comprehensive overview of the important discoveries made and insights gained into bone material properties in health,disease,and taphonomy

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Bone Research 2019年第2期7卷 123-137页

作者： Furqan A.Shah Krisztina Ruscsák anders Palmquist Department of Biomaterials Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of Gothenburg

Bone is an architecturally complex system that constantly undergoes structural and functional optimisation through renewal and *** scanning electron microscope (SEM) is among the most frequently used instruments for examining *** offers the key advantage of very high spatial resolution coupled with a large depth of field and wide field of *** between incident electrons and atoms on the sample surface generate backscattered electrons,secondary electrons,and various other signals including X-rays that relay compositional and topographical *** selective removal or preservation of specific tissue components (organic,inorganic,cellular,vascular),their individual contribution(s) to the overall functional competence can be *** few restrictions on sample geometry and a variety of applicable sample-processing routes,a given sample may be conveniently adapted for multiple analytical *** a conventional SEM operates at high vacuum conditions that demand clean,dry,and electrically conductive samples,non-conductive materials (e.g.,bone) can be imaged without significant modification from the natural state using an environmental scanning electron *** review highlights important insights gained into bone microstructure and pathophysiology,bone response to implanted biomaterials,elemental analysis,SEM in paleoarchaeology,3D imaging using focused ion beam techniques,correlative microscopy and in situ *** capacity to image seamlessly across multiple length scales within the meso-micro-nano-continuum,the SEM lends itself to many unique and diverse applications,which attest to the versatility and user-friendly nature of this instrument for studying *** technological developments are anticipated for analysing bone using the SEM.

关键词： scanning electron microscopy comprehensive overview important discoveries

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Intermittent androgen deprivation therapy in patients with prostate cancer: Connecting the dots

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Asian Journal of Urology 2017年第4期4卷 208-222页

作者： Per-anders Abrahamsson Department of Urology Skane University HospitalLund UniversityMalmooSweden

Intermittent androgen deprivation therapy(IADT)is now being increasingly opted by the treating physicians and patients with prostate *** most common reason driving this is the availability of an off-treatment period to the patients that provides some relief from treatment-related side-effects,and reduced treatment *** may also delay the progression to castration-resistant prostate ***,the use of IADT in the setting of prostate cancer has not been strongly substantiated by data from clinical *** factors seem to contribute towards this inadequacy of supportive data for the use of IADT in patients with prostate cancer,e.g.,population characteristics(both demographic and clinical),study design,treatment regimen,on-and off-treatment criteria,duration of active treatment,endpoints,and *** present review article focuses on seven clinical trials that evaluated the efficacy of IADT *** androgen deprivation therapy for the treatment of prostate *** results from these clinical trials have been discussed in light of the factors that may impact the treatment outcomes,especially the disease(tumor)*** on evidence,potential candidate population for IADT has been suggested along with recommendations for the use of IADT in patients with prostate cancer.

关键词： Continuous androgen deprivation therapy Intermittent androgen deprivation therapy Prostate cancer Study designs and outcomes Tumor burden

Classification of Short Time Series in Early Parkinson’s Disease With Deep Learning of Fuzzy Recurrence Plots

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2019年第6期6卷 1306-1317页

作者： Tuan D.Pham Karin Wardell anders Eklund Goran Salerud Department of Biomedical Engineering the Center for Medical Image Science and VisualizationLinkoping UniversityLinkopingSweden the Center for Artificial Intelligence Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd UniversityAl KhobarKingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Biomedical Engineering Linkoping UniversityLinkopingSweden Department of Biomedical Engineering the Department of Computer and Information Sciencethe Center for Medical Image Science and VisualizationLinkoping UniversityLinkopingSweden

There are many techniques using sensors and wearable devices for detecting and monitoring patients with Parkinson’s disease(PD).A recent development is the utilization of human interaction with computer keyboards for analyzing and identifying motor signs in the early stages of the *** designs for classification of time series of computer-key hold durations recorded from healthy control and PD subjects require the time series of length to be considerably *** an attempt to avoid discomfort to participants in performing long physical tasks for data recording,this paper introduces the use of fuzzy recurrence plots of very short time series as input data for the machine training and classification with long short-term memory(LSTM)neural *** an original approach that is able to both significantly increase the feature dimensions and provides the property of deterministic dynamical systems of very short time series for information processing carried out by an LSTM layer architecture,fuzzy recurrence plots provide promising results and outperform the direct input of the time series for the classification of healthy control and early PD subjects.

关键词： Deep learning early Parkinson’s disease(PD) fuzzy recurrence plots long short-term memory(LSTM) neural networks pattern classification short time series

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Eco-chemical mechanisms govern phytoplankton emissions of dimethylsulfide in global surface waters

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National Science Review 2021年第2期8卷 43-50页

作者： Xuwei Deng Jun Chen Lars-anders Hansson Xia Zhao Ping Xie Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of ChinaInstitute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of Sciences Department of Biology/Aquatic Ecology Lund University State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes School of Ecology and Environmental ScienceYunnan University

The anti-greenhouse gas dimethylsulfide(DMS) is mainly emitted by algae and accounts for more than half of the total natural flux of gaseous sulfur to the atmosphere, strongly reducing the solar radiation and thereby the temperature on Earth. However, the relationship between phytoplankton biomass and DMS emissions is debated and inconclusive. Our study presents field observations from 100 freshwater lakes, in concert with data of global ocean DMS emissions, showing that DMS and algal biomass show a hump-shaped relationship, i.e. DMS emissions to the atmosphere increase up to a p H of about 8.1 but, at higher p H, DMS concentrations decline, likely mainly due to decomposition. Our findings from lake and ocean ecosystems worldwide were corroborated in experimental studies. This novel finding allows assessments of more accurate global patterns of DMS emissions and advances our knowledge on the negative feedback regulation of phytoplankton-driven DMS emissions on climate.

关键词： phytoplankton lake ecosystem biological regulation of global climate dimethylsulfide global surface oceans