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An electropenetrography waveform library for the probing and ingestion behaviors of Culex tarsalis on human hands

Insect Science 2024年第4期31卷 1165-1186页

作者： anastasia m.w.cooper Samuel B.Jameson Victoria Pickens Cameron Osborne Elaine A.Backus Kristopher Silver Dana N.mitzel Department of Entomology Kansas State UniversityManhattanKansasUSA Department of Tropical medicine Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical MedicineNew OrleansLos AngelesUSA USDA Agricultural Research Service San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences CenterParlierCaliforniaUSA National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility USDA Agricultural Research ServiceManhattanKansasUSA

Culex tarsalis Coquillett(Diptera:Culicidae)mosquitoes are capable of vectoring numerous pathogens affecting public and animal ***,the probing behaviors of mosquitoes are poorly understood because they occur in opaque ***(EPG)has the potential to elucidate these behaviors by recording the electrical signals generated during *** used an AC–DC EPG with variable input resistors(Ri levels)to construct a waveform library for *** feeding on human *** events associated with mosquito probing were used to characterize waveforms at four Ri levels and with two electrical current *** optimal settings for EPG recordings of *** probing on human hands was an Ri level of 10^(7)Ohms using an applied signal of 150 millivolts alternating *** for *** included those previously observed and associated with probing behaviors in Aedes aegypti L.(Diptera:Culicidae):waveform families J(surface salivation),K(stylet penetration through the skin),L(types 1 and 2,search for a blood vessel/ingestion site),m(types 1 and 2,ingestion),N(type 1,an unknown behavior which may be a resting and digestion phase),and w(withdrawal).However,we also observed variations in the waveforms not described in ***,which we named types L3,m3,m4,and *** investigation enhances our understanding of mosquito probing *** also provides a new tool for the automated calculation of peak *** work will facilitate future pathogen acquisition and transmission studies and help identify new pest and disease management targets.

关键词： AC-DC blood feeders electrical penetration graph EPG human hands mosquitoes waveform library

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A dsRNA-degrading nuclease(dsRNase2)limits RNAi efficiency in the Asian corn borer(Ostrinia furnacalis)

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Insect Science 2021年第6期28卷 1677-1689页

作者： Yun-He Fan Hui-Fang Song mureed Abbas Yan-Li wang Tao Li En-Bo ma anastasia m.w.cooper Kristopher Silver Kun Yan Zhu Jian-Zhen Zhang Institute of Applied Biology Shanxi UniversityTaiyuanChina College of Life Science Shanxi UniversityTaiyuanChina Faculty of Biological Science and Technology Changzhi UniversityChangzhiShanxiChina Department of Entomology Kansas State UniversityManhattanKansasUSA

The efficiency of RNA interference(RNAi)varies substantially among different insect *** degradation of double-stranded RNA(dsRNA)by dsRNA-degrading nucleases(dsRNases)has been implicated to cause low RNAi efficiency in several insect *** this study,we identified four dsRNase genes(OfdsRNaseL Ofd-sRNase2,OfdsRNase3 and OfdsRNase4)from the Asian corn borer(Ostrinia furnacalis)transcriptome *** analyses showed that each deduced protein sequence contained endonuclease NS domains and signal *** expression analysis revealed that OfdsRNase2 was exclusively expressed in the midgut of *** efficiency was investigated in 2-d-old fifth-instar larvae(high expression of dsRNase2)and 2-d-old pupae(low expression of dsRNase2)by feeding or injecting dsRNA targeting a marker gene that encodes the lethal giant larvae protein(OfLgl).Our results showed that OfLgl only partially silenced the expression of OfLgl in pupae,but not in larvae,suggesting that OfdsRNase2 could contribute to lower RNAi efficiency in larval *** hypothesis was supported by our RNAi-of-RNAi experiment using a tissue culture technique where the silencing efficiency against the reporter gene,OfHexl,was significantly improved after knockdown of *** double luciferase assays were performed to evaluate the role of the four dsRNases in vitro,only OfdsRNase2 expressed in S2 cells significantly affected RNAi efficiency by degrading *** together,our results suggested that the degradation of dsRNA by OfdsRNase2 in the midgut contributed to low RNAi efficiency in *** larvae.

关键词： dsRNase Ostrinia furnacalis RNA interference RNAi efficiency tissue culture

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Identification of Rab family genes and functional analyses of LmRab5 and LmRab11A in the development and RNA interference of Locusta migratoria

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Insect Science 2022年第2期29卷 320-332页

作者： mureed Abbas Yun-He Fan Xue-Kai Shi Lu Gao Yan-Li wang Tao Li anastasia m.w.cooper Kristopher Silver Kun Yan Zhu Jian-Zhen Zhang Institute of Applied Biology Shanxi UniversityTaiyuanChina College of Life Science Shanxi UniversityTaiyuanChina Department of Entomology Kansas State UniversityManhattanKansasUSA

Rab proteins constitute the largest family of small GTPases,which play pivotal roles in intracellular membrane trafficking in all eukaryotes.A number of Rab genes have been identified in eukaryotes;however,very little information about these genes has been reported in *** the current study,for the first time we identified and characterized 27 Rab family genes from Locusta *** analysis and comparison of domain architecture indicated that Rab family genes are highly conserved among insect ***-dependent expression profiles indicated that expression of Rab genes was highest in the ovary,except for LmRab3,which was most highly expressed in *** biological function of each Rab gene was investigated using RNA interference(RNAi).Double-stranded RNA targeting each Rab gene was injected into the hemocoel of nymphs and revealed that suppression of two Rab genes(LmRab5 and LmRab11A)caused 100%*** addition,nymphs injected with dsLmRab5 exhibited severe phenotypic defects in the gastric caeca and midgut,while dsLmRab11A arrested the molting *** then applied the RNAi of RNAi technique to test if silencing either of these two genes would affect the suppression of the lethal giant larvae(LmLgl)reporter gene and found that suppression of LmRab5 diminished the RNAi efficiency of LmLgl,whereas suppression of LmRab11A enhanced RNAi efficiency of *** results indicate that Rab genes contribute differently to RNAi efficiency in different *** study provides a foundation for further functional investigations of Rab genes and their contributions to RNAi efficiency in ***.

关键词： gene expression patterns Locusta migratoria Rab family genes RNA interference RNAi efficiency

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Alcohol associated liver disease and bariatric surgery:Current perspectives and future directions

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world Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第3期16卷 650-657页

作者： Katherine m cooper Alessandro Colletta Nicholas Hebda Deepika Devuni Department of medicine UMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA 01655United States Division of Gastroenterology UMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA 01655United States

Bariatric surgery is a routinely performed procedure and is associated with a reduction in all-cause mortality in patients with ***,bariatric sur-gery has also been linked to increased alcohol use with up to 30%of these patients developing alcohol use disorder(AUD).The mechanism of AUD after bariatric surgery is multifactorial and includes anatomic,metabolic,and neurohumoral changes associated with post-surgical *** patients are at increased risk of alcohol associated liver disease and,in some cases,require liver *** this article,we provide a scoping review of epidemiology,patho-physiology,and clinical outcomes of alcohol-related health conditions after bariatric surgery.

关键词： Obesity medicine Alcohol use disorder Roux-en-Y gastric bypass Vertical sleeve gastrectomy Liver transplant Simultaneous liver transplant and bariatric surgery

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Sarcopenic obesity in patients awaiting liver transplant: Unique challenges for nutritional recommendations

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world Journal of Transplantation 2024年第2期14卷 40-47页

作者： Darya m Herscovici Katherine m cooper Alessandro Colletta michelle Rightmyer Alexandra Shingina Lauren D Feld Department of medicine UMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA 01655United States Division of Transplant Nutrition UMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA 01655United States Department of medicine Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN 37215United States Division of Gastroenterology UMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA 01655United States

Sarcopenic obesity increases the risk of mortality in patients with liver disease awaiting liver transplantation and in the post-transplant *** recommendations for individuals with sarcopenia differ from recommendations for patients with obesity or sarcopenic *** these nutrition guidelines have been established in non-cirrhotic patients,established guidelines for liver transplant candidates with sarcopenic obesity are *** this paper,we review existing literature on sarcopenic obesity in patients with chronic liver disease and address opportunities to improve nutritional counseling in patients awaiting liver transplantation.

关键词： Nutrition Sarcopenia Sarcopenic obesity Liver transplant Cirrhosis Chronic liver disease Body composition myostatin

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Customized scaffolds for large bone defects using 3D‑printed modular blocks from 2D‑medical images

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Bio-Design and manufacturing 2024年第1期7卷 74-87页

作者： Anil AAcar Evangelos Daskalakis Paulo Bartolo Andrew weightman Glen cooper Gordon Blunn Bahattin Koc Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Sabanci UniversityIstanbul 34956Türkiye D Bioprinting Laboratory Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application CenterIstanbul 34956Türkiye School of mechanical Aerospace and Civil EngineeringManchester Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of ManchesterManchester M139PLUK Singapore Centre for 3D Printing School of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences University of PortsmouthPortsmouth PO12UPUK

Additive manufacturing(Am)has revolutionized the design and manufacturing of patient-specific,three-dimensional(3D),complex porous structures known as scaffolds for tissue engineering *** use of advanced image acquisition techniques,image processing,and computer-aided design methods has enabled the precise design and additive manufacturing of anatomically correct and patient-specific implants and ***,these sophisticated techniques can be timeconsuming,labor-intensive,and ***,the necessary imaging and manufacturing equipment may not be readily available when urgent treatment is needed for trauma *** this study,a novel design and Am methods are proposed for the development of modular and customizable scaffold blocks that can be adapted to fit the bone defect area of a *** modular scaffold blocks can be combined to quickly form any patient-specific scaffold directly from two-dimensional(2D)medical images when the surgeon lacks access to a 3D printer or cannot wait for lengthy 3D imaging,modeling,and 3D printing during *** proposed method begins with developing a bone surface-modeling algorithm that reconstructs a model of the patient’s bone from 2D medical image measurements without the need for expensive 3D medical imaging or *** algorithm can generate both patient-specific and average bone ***,a biomimetic continuous path planning method is developed for the additive manufacturing of scaffolds,allowing porous scaffold blocks with the desired biomechanical properties to be manufactured directly from 2D data or *** algorithms are implemented,and the designed scaffold blocks are 3D printed using an extrusion-based Am *** and instructions are also provided to assist surgeons in assembling scaffold blocks for the self-repair of patient-specific large bone defects.

关键词： Additive manufacturing modular scaffolds Large bone defect Customized scaffold design Patient-specific scaffolds

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BmPRⅡ^(+)neural precursor cells isolated and characterized from organotypic neurospheres:an in vitro model of human fetal spinal cord development

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 447-457页

作者： michael w.weible II michael D.Lovelace Hamish D.mundell Tsz wai Rosita Pang Tailoi Chan-Ling Bosch Institute Discipline of Anatomy and Histology(F13)University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia School of Environment and Science Griffith UniversityNathanQLDAustralia Discipline of medicine Nepean Clinical SchoolFaculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyKingswoodNSWAustralia New South wales Brain Tissue Resource Centre School of Medical SciencesFaculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneyCharles Perkins Centre(D17)SydneyNSWAustralia

Roof plate secretion of bone morphogenetic proteins(BmPs)directs the cellular fate of sensory neurons during spinal cord development,including the formation of the ascending sensory columns,though their biology is not well ***-ⅡBmP receptor(BmPRⅡ),the cognate receptor,is expressed by neural precursor cells during embryogenesis;however,an in vitro method of enriching BmPRⅡ^(+)human neural precursor cells(hNPCs)from the fetal spinal cord is *** was undertaken on intact second-trimester human fetal spinal cord using antibodies to BmPRⅡand leukemia inhibitory factor(LIF).Regions of highest BmPRⅡ^(+)immunofluorescence localized to sensory *** and meningeal-associated BmPRⅡ^(+)vascular cells were identified in both intact fetal spinal cord and cortex by co-positivity with vascular lineage markers,CD34/*** immunostaining identified a population of somas concentrated in dorsal and ventral horn interneurons,mirroring the expression of LIF receptor/CD118.A combination of LIF supplementation and high-density culture maintained culture growth beyond 10 passages,while synergistically increasing the proportion of neurospheres with a stratified,*** neurospheres were characterized by BmPRⅡ^(+)/mAP2ab^(+/–)/βⅢ-tubulin^(+)/nestin^(–)/vimentin^(–)/GFAP^(–)/NeuN^(–)surface hNPCs surrounding a heterogeneous core ofβⅢ-tubulin^(+)/nestin^(+)/vimentin^(+)/GFAP^(+)/mAP2ab^(–)/NeuN^(–)multipotent *** cultures from tripotential neurospheres contained neuronal(βⅢ-tubulin^(+)),astrocytic(GFAP+),and oligodendrocytic(O4+)lineage ***-activated cell sorting-sorted BmPRⅡ^(+)hNPCs were mAP2ab^(+/–)/βⅢ-tubulin^(+)/GFAP^(–)/O4^(–)in *** is the first isolation of BmPRⅡ^(+)hNPCs identified and characterized in human fetal spinal *** data show that LIF combines synergistically with high-density reaggregate cultures to support the organotypic reorganization of neurospheres,characterize

关键词： BmPRⅡ bone morphogenetic protein histotypic human spinal cord development leukemia inhibitory factor neurosphere organotypic reaggregate sensory columns

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Immunological roulette: Luck or something more? Considering the connections between host and environment in TB

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Cellular & molecular Immunology 2018年第3期15卷 226-232页

作者： John E Pearl mrinal Das Andrea m cooper Department of Infection Immunity and Inflammation Leicester Tuberculosis Research Group(LTBRG)University of LeicesterUniversity RoadLeicesterLE17RHUK

Accurate prediction of which patient will progress from a sub-clinical mycobacterium tuberculosis infection to active tuberculosis represents an elusive,yet critical,clinical research *** the individual perspective,progression can be considered to be the product of a series of unfortunate events or even a run of bad ***,we identify the subtle physiological relationships that can influence the odds of progression to active TB and how this progression may reflect directed dysbiosis in a number of interrelated *** infected individuals who progress to disease have apparently good immune responses,but these responses are,at times,compromised by either local or systemic environmental *** disease promoting processes,such as tissue-damaging granulomata,usually manifest in the lung,but illness is *** apparent dichotomy between local and systemic reflects a clear need to define the factors that promote progression to active disease within the context of the body as a physiological *** discuss aspects of the host environment that can impact expression of immunity,including the microbiome,glucocorticoid-mediated regulation,catecholamines and interaction between the gut,liver and *** suggest the importance of integrating precision medicine into our analyses of experimental outcomes such that apparently conflicting results are not contentious,but rather reflect the impact of these subtle relationships with our environment and microbiota.

关键词： gut-liver-lung axis microbiome tuberculosis

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The Yin and Yang of wnt/Ryk axon guidance in development and regeneration

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2014年第4期57卷 366-371页

作者： CLARK Charlotte EJ LIU Yaobo cooper Helen m Queensland Brain Institute The University of QueenslandBrisbane Institute of Neuroscience Soochow University

In the developing embryo,nascent axons navigate towards their specific targets to establish the intricate network of axonal connections linking neurons within the mature nervous *** navigational systems comprising repulsive and attractive guidance cues form chemotactic gradients along the pathway of the exploring growth ***-bound receptors detect these gradients and determine the trajectory of the migrating growth *** contrast to their benevolent role in the developing nervous system,repulsive guidance receptors are detrimental to the axon’s ability to regenerate after injury in the *** this review we explore the essential and beneficial role played by the chemorepulsive wnt receptor,Ryk/Derailed in axon navigation in the embryonic nervous system(the Yin function).Specifically,we focus on the role of wnt5a/Rykmediated guidance in the establishment of two major axon tracts in the mammalian central nervous system,the corticospinal tract and the corpus *** studies have also identified Ryk as a major suppressor of axonal regeneration after spinal cord ***,we also discuss this opposing aspect of Ryk function in axonal regeneration where its activity is a major impediment to axon regrowth(the Yang function).

关键词： Ryk Derailed wnt wnt signalling axon guidance axonal regeneration spinal cord injury

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Efficient training of ANN potentials by including atomic forces via Taylor expansion and application to water and a transition-metal oxide

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npj Computational materials 2020年第1期6卷 1205-1218页

作者： April m.cooper Johannes Kästner Alexander Urban Nongnuch Artrith School of Chemistry University of St AndrewsSt AndrewsUK Institute for Theoretical Chemistry University of StuttgartStuttgartGermany Department of Chemical Engineering Columbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA

Artificial neural network(ANN)potentials enable the efficient large-scale atomistic modeling of complex materials with near firstprinciples *** molecular dynamics simulations,accurate energies and interatomic forces are a prerequisite,but training ANN potentials simultaneously on energies and forces from electronic structure calculations is computationally ***,we introduce an efficient alternative method for the training of ANN potentials on energy and force information,based on an extrapolation of the total energy via a Taylor *** translating the force information to approximate energies,the quadratic scaling with the number of atoms exhibited by conventional force-training methods can be avoided,which enables the training on reference datasets containing complex atomic structures.

关键词： forces enable atomic

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